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Digital Audio Broadcasting Principles and Applications of Digital Radio Second Edition Edited by WOLFGANG HOEG Berlin, Germany and THOMAS LAUTERBACH University of Applied Sciences, Nuernberg, Germany Digital Audio Broadcasting Digital Audio Broadcasting Principles and Applications of Digital Radio Second Edition Edited by WOLFGANG HOEG Berlin, Germany and THOMAS LAUTERBACH University of Applied Sciences, Nuernberg, Germany Copyright(cid:1)2003 JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussexPO198SQ,England Telephone(þ44)1243779777 Email(forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries):[email protected] VisitourHomePageonwww.wileyeurope.comorwww.wiley.com AllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemor transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanningor otherwise,exceptunderthetermsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988orunderthetermsofa licenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyLtd,90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK, withoutthepermissioninwritingofthePublisher.RequeststothePublishershouldbeaddressedtothe PermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex PO198SQ,England,[email protected],orfaxedto(þ44)1243770571. 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Contents Foreword xi Preface xiii List ofcontributors xvii Abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Radio in theDigital Age 2 1.3 Benefits ofthe Eureka147 DAB System 2 (Quality ofservice;Value added services; Universal system layout;Flexible multiplex configuration; Transmissionefficiency) 1.4 Historyof the Origins of DAB 5 (Development, Organisations and platforms such asEureka 147; WorldDAB;Milestones ofintroduction) 1.5 InternationalStandardisation 12 (System; Audiocoding; Data services; Network andtransmission; Receiver; Guidelinesforimplementation; ETSI; IEC; ITU-R; CENELEC;CEPT; EBU) 1.6 Relations to Other Digital BroadcastingSystems 14 (Satellite based systems Astra, Worldspace; Terrestrial Systemssuch as DRM, Digital televisionDVB-T, Digitalradio inUS and Japan; Web-casting) 2 System Concept 27 2.1 The Physical Channel 27 (Multipath propagation;Doppler shifted carriers) vi Contents 2.2 The DAB Transmission System 30 (Multicarrier modulation;Frame structure ofDAB; Channel coding; Interleaving andPSK mapping;Time interleaving andoveralldelay; DQPSK modulation and frequency interleaving; Performance considerations) 2.3 The DAB Multiplex 40 (Description ofthe multiplex; Main service channel; Transportmechanism; FIC; Transmission frames; Logical structure;Multiplex reconfiguration) 2.4 Conditional Access 48 (Scrambling/descrambling;Checking/management ofentitlements) 2.5 ServiceInformation 50 (Basic information;Service-related information; Programme-related information; Announcements; Numerous examples; Tuning aids) 3 Audio Services andApplications 75 3.1 General 75 (MPEG Audio coding vs. 16bit PCM) 3.2 Audio Coding 76 (Basic principles; Masking; Psycho-acoustic model; Filterbank; Bit allocation; Quantisation; Layer II audiobitstream; Audio decoding) 3.3 Characteristics and Features of MPEG-1LayerII forDAB 84 (Audio modes; Samplingrate; Audio frame structure; Audio bit rates; Layer IIvs. SBR coding technologies) 3.4 Programme-associated Data 87 (Dynamic Range Control DRC; Music/Speech Control; Receivingend) 3.5 Advanced Audio Applications Using MPEG-2Features 91 (Multichannelaudiocoding;Half–sampling–rate coding; Multilingual services; Audio broadcasting forHearingimpaired) 3.6 Quality of Service 102 (Audio quality; Subjective assessment;Objective assessment – PEAQ) 3.7 Error Protection andConcealment 111 (Error protection; Concealmentmeasures; Assessment oferror performance) 3.8 ATypicalDAB Ensemble 120 Contents vii 3.9 Audio Levels 121 (Audiosignallevel alignment; Programmeloudness) 4 Data Services and Applications 127 4.1 General 127 (Introductory information) 4.2 Data ServiceSignalling 127 (General considerations) 4.3 MultimediaApplications withMOT 128 (Multimedia Object TransferProtocol MOT; MOT object transport) 4.4 Standardised MOTUser Application 133 (MOT slide show;Broadcast web site; Interactive services) 4.5 ‘‘Mobil-Info’’ asan Exampleof aProprietary MOT User Application 137 (Presentationof video clips,news and graphic animation ina tram) 4.6 Textual PAD Services 139 (Dynamic label;Other textualPAD services) 4.7 TrafficInformation Servicesand Navigation Aids 140 (Trafficmassage channel TMC; TPEG; DifferentialGPS) 4.8 MovingPicture Services 143 (Digtal multimedia broadcastDMB; MotionPAD) 4.9 Other Data Transmission Mechanism 145 (Transparent datachannel; IPtunnelling) 5 Provision ofServices 151 5.1 The DAB Service Landscape 151 (StructureofDAB service organisation; Main services; Dataservices) 5.2 Use ofExisting Infrastructures 157 (Broadcasting operation systems;Editorial systems) 5.3 Need for New Infrastructure 159 (Data management; Multimedia editorial tools; Data inserter) 5.4 Relationshipbetween DAB Data Servicesand RDS 166 (DAB SId vs. RDS PI code; PTy codes; DAB Announcements vs. RDSTA; DAB Dynamiclabel vs. Radiotext;Crossrefering DAB services from RDS)