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DATA DIGEST OF M WITH PERSONS DISABILITIES 1992 National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research m 4 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/digestofdataonpeOOrobe I U.S. Department of Education Lamar Alexander, Secretary Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services Robert R. Davila, Assistant Secretary National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research William H. Graves Director William E. McLaughlin Deputy Director Malcolm D. Davis James B. Reswick Associate Director, Associate Director, Program Development Research Sciences NIDRR Research Information Officer James E. Doherty Washington, D.C. 20202 (202) 732-6151 (Voice) (202) 732-5079 (TDD) Digest of Data on Persons with Disabilities Prepared by: Robert C. Ficke Science Management Corporation 6401 Golden Triangle Drive Greenbelt, Maryland 20770 U.S. Department of Education Contract Number MR890210-03 National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Washington, D.C. 20202 January 1992 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS By design, this document draws from many sources of published data and narrative explanations issued by federal statistical agencies and other sources on the subject of disability. Many authors of these publications gave freely of their time to help identify the most relevant information for the Digest, and this document benefits immeasurably from the support of these individuals. In particular, Gerry Hendershot, John Gary Collins, Peter Ries, and Joan Van Nostrand of the National Center for Health Statistics helped select from amongthe myriad ofNational Health InterviewSurvey and National Nursing Home Survey dataand reconcile the variations in disability measures these and othersourcesprovide. John McNeil ofthe U.S. Census Bureau assembled the latestpublishedstatistics from the SurveyofIncome and Program Participationand the Current Population Survey, covering many aspects ofdisability, especially related to work. Conceptual guidance, data, and the benefit of review were provided by Mitchell LaPlante, who directs the disability statistics program at the UniversityofCalifornia, San Francisco. The references for the introduction, tables, and the highlights and explanatorynotesaccompanyingeachtablearefurtheracknowledgementoftheconsiderablecontributionmade by the many researchers and writers in the field of disabilitystatistics. Charlene Cloey, Sharon Jones, and Jaci Weller worked diligently, devoting many hours to the preparation of the manuscript. Finally, Sean Sweeney, the project officer from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), provided the initiative and guidance essential for the development of this publication. Following Department of Education specifications for this document, three previous NIDRR publications served as format models. These were the 1984 version of the Digest by the same title, Data on Disability from the National Health Interview Survey, 1983-1985, and the Chartbook on Disability in the United States.1 Suggested Citation: Ficke, Robert C, Digest ofData on Persons with Disabilities. Washington, D.C.: National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, 1991. ^Mathematica Policy Research, DigestofData on Persons with Disabilities (U.S. Department of Education, 1984); LaPlante, Mitchell P., Data on Disability from the National Health Interview Survey, 1983-1985. An InfoUse Report (National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, 1988); Kraus, Lewis E. and Stoddard, Susan, Chartbook on Disability in the United States. An InfoUse Report (National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, 1989). CONTENTS Paui- Definition and Measurement of Disability 5 Activity Limitation 6 Functional Limitation 7 Need for Assistance in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) 8 Special Population Groups and Measures 10 Chronic Conditions Causing Disability 10 Disability, Health Status, and Health Care Utilization 11 Work Disability 12 Disability in Long-Term Care Facilities 12 Federal Benefit Programs for Persons with Disabilities 13 State Level Data on Disability 13 Interpretation and Limitations of the Data 13 Prevalence and Characteristics of Persons with Disabilities 15 General Measures of Disability: Activity Limitation and Functional Limitation 15 Limitation in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) 23 Disability Status of Special Population Groups 24 Children 24 Elderly 25 Mental Health 27 Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities 28 Self-Perception among Persons with Disabilities 28 Chronic Conditions Causing Disability 28 Disability, Health Status, and Health Care Utilization 30 Work Disability 32 Prevalence and Characteristics of Persons with a Work Disability 32 Labor Force Participation 33 Employment by Occupation and Industry 36 Health Insurance Coverage 37 Work Disability by Functional Limitation Status 37 Chronic Conditions Causing Work Disability 37 Occupational Injuries and Illnesses 38 Disability in Long-Term Care Facilities 40 Nursing Home Residents 40 Mental Health Facilities and Organizations 42 Facilities for the Mentally Retarded 44 Federal Benefit Programs 45 Special Education 45 Social Security Disability Insurance Benefits (SSDI) 45 Supplemental Security Income (SSI) 45 State Vocational Rehabilitation Programs (VR) 45 Disabled Veterans (VA) 45 References 47 List of Detailed Tables 53 Appendix: Americans with Disabilities Act