DICTIONARY - Swedish Gem AB

276 Pages·2006·18.32 MB·English

DICTIONARY
OF
GEMS AND GEMOLOGY
V:;8y THE SAME PUBLISHERS
THESTORY OFDIAMONDS (3rdEdition 1946)
ByAustin,Mercerand Shipley
FAMOUS DIAMONDS OFTHEWORLD (5th Edition 1948)
By RobertM. Shipley
JEWELERS*POCKETREFERENCEBOOK (1947)
By Robert M. Shipley
HANDBOOKOFGEMIDENTIFICATION (2ndEdition, 1948)
By RichardT. Liddicoat,Jr.
DICTIONARYOFDIAMONDS (Inpreparation)
A ROMAN BOOK ON PRECIOUS STONES (Inpreparation)
ByDr.Sydney H. Ball
PROPERTIESOFGEMVARIETIESOFMINERALS
(posthumously 1948)
Dr. EdwardWigglesworth
PastPresident,G.I.A.
INTRODUCTORYGEMOLOGY (1945)
ByWebster andHinton
GEMS AND GEMOLOGY, a quarterly.
Course*
FUNDAMENTALS OF GEMOLOGY, including the factors af-
fectingthevalue of gems.
GEMS, their substitutes and the technique of testing and
grading them.
ADVANCED DIAMONDS ADVANCED GEMOLOGY
A SHORT COURSE IN DIAMONDS
DICTIONARY
OF
GEMS AND GEMOLOGY
including
Ornamental, Decorative and
Curio Stones
A glossary of over 4000 English and foreign words,
terms and abbreviations which may be encountered in
Englishliteratureorin thegem,jewelry orarttrades.
BY
ROBERT M.SHIPLEY
Founder* Gemologicat Institute of America
and American Gem Society
ASSISTEDBY
ANNA McCONNELL BECKLEY
Research Librarian, Gemological
Institute ofAmerica
EDWARD WIGGLESWORTH, PH.D., C.G.
PastPresident,GetnolofficalInstituteofAmerica
ROBERT M. SHIPLEY, JR.
Formerly Director of Laboratories,
Gemotogical Institute ofAmerica
Vol.4ofTheJeweler'sLibrary
Fourth Edition
First Printing,
GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA
541 SouthAlexandria,LosAngeles5
1948
COPYRIGHT, 1948, BY THE
*GEMt)i*OGicAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA, INC.
All rights reserved. This book,
orparts thereof, maynot bere-
produced in any form without
permission of the publishers.
PRINTEDINTHE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION
TokeepthisDictionarycompletelycurrentandofthe
greatest possible help and value to its user, new develop-
ments anddiscoveries inthegemological field, sincepubli-
cation ofthethird edition in 1947, havebeen added.
Cross references are used when it is believed such
procedure will give lucidityto the truemeaning of defini-
tions. In such instances the references are indicated by
bold face type in the copy.
Much of the value ofthis book will be lost unless in-
structions outlined in "How to Use This Book," page IX,
are read and followed most carefully. Key to pronuncia-
tion is given and certain departures from conventional
dictionary practices are explained.
RobertM. Shipley
September 1, 1948
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
Additional changes and corrections have been made
toprevious editions.Mostoftheseweretheresultofaddi-
tional research of the writer as he compiled the glossary
of the Jewelers Pocket Reference Book from February
1946toApril 1947.
Further corrections were made as the resultof sug-
gestions or criticisms of readers and of Dr. E. Giibelin,
as wellas R. T. Liddicoat, Jr., and Dr. George Switzer of
the Institute's staff.
RobertM.Shipley
May28, 1947
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
Toward fulfillment of our purpose of meritingtheac-
ceptance of this Dictionary as an international reference
book for the gemological profession, criticism of the first
edition was invited from the several outstanding gemolo-
gists, mineralogistsand practicaljewelersmentioned later
in the preface. As a result, errors of varying importance
have been corrected, definitions have been clarified in the
body of the Dictionary, while valuable additions to many
ofthedefinitionswillbefoundintheAddenda.
Cross references in definitions in the Dictionary call
tothereader's attentiontheentriesamongtheaddenda, as
in the definition ofbezel, on page 24, which contains a ref-
erence to page 255, on which appear additional definitions
ofbezel.
Becauseofmechanicaldifficulties,noattempthasbeen
madeinthiseditiontoincludeanumberofadditionalwords
andtheir meanings which have been suggested. However,
many newalternate definitions have been added thebook
hasbeen carefullycheckedfortypographicalerro;rsoram-
biguous phrasing and the few factual errors of the first
;
editionhavebeeneliminated.
Creditfor revisions is due principallytothegenerous
cooperationofthefollowinginternationallyrecognizedau-
thorities on gemstones: Dr. B. W. Anderson, Director of
the Precious Stone Laboratory, London Chamber of Com-
mreeprocrets; Darn.dSyadrtniecyleHs,oBnaldl,iaamuothnodrsoafnedspoetcihaelrlygeimmsptoornteasn;t
Dr. Edward Giibelin, Certified Gemologist, internationally
edacatedgemologistandfounder ofthe Swiss GemmolMogi-
cal Association Dr. Edward H. Kraus, co-author of in-
;
eralogy, and Gems and Gem Materials; G. F. Herbert
Smith, author of Gemstones, and presidentofthe Gemmo-
logical Association of Great Britain; L. J. Spencer,
translator of Bauer's Precious Stones, author of Precious
Stones,andsecretaryoftheMineralogicalSocietyofGreat
Britain and A. Espositer, lapidary of New York. George
H.March;er, CertifiedGemologist,lapidistandauthorityon
gemstonesofwesternUnitedStates,contributedinvaluable
criticisms and suggestions.
To these men we are especially grateful for their
generous assistance toward what wehope will be only the
firstofmanyimprovededitionsoftheDictionaryinfuture
decades.
FortheAuthors,
Robert M. Shipley.
December 14, 1945
VI
INTRODUCTION
Theforerunner.Theforerunnerofthisdictionarywasagem-
ological glossary published serially from January, 1934
to December, 1940, in Gems & Gemolagy, the quarterly
periodical of the Gemological Institute of America, and
later published in booklet form for use exclusively with
its mail courses in gemology. That glossary was com-
piled by various members of the Staff of the Institute
during the years of its serial publication. It contained
about 1,700 definitions and pronunciations.
The sources. The definitions in this rewritten and expanded
work, have been written by the compiler; or he or his
assistant, A. M. Beckley, has condensed them from or
checked them against the important books, reports, or
articles which have been written by recognized gemo-
logical authorities in English, German, or French. The
name of any such gemological authority has been men-
tioned in the definition only in the event (1) that the
authority has written the definition or otherwise furnish-
ed the information especially for this dictionary, (2)
that the authority has been the only authority to make
the statementindicatingthatitwastheresultofpersonal
research, or (3) that the authority has differed from
the compiler, or with other recognized authorities in
which event a digest of the definitions of those author-
ities who are in disagreement is also included in the
definition. See Chapter entitled THE USE OF THE
BOOK for more detailed information on this subject.
Special recognition. Especial appreciation is due not only to
the assistant compilers, Edward Wigglesworth, Robert
VII
M. Shipley, Jr. and.A. M. Beckley, all of whom read the
proof and supplied invaluable corrections and additions,
but also to staff members of G.I.A. who read proof to
Dr. G. F. Herbert Smith, F.R.A.S., and Messrs. B. ;W.
Anderson, F.G.A., and R. Webster, F.G.A., who gave
special permission for the numerous references to their
works; and to Dean Edward H. KTraus, and Mr. H. Paul
Juergens, G. G., for specialized correction and advice,
fromthe latteronthesubjectofpearls.
Future editions will become increasingly useful if our read-
ers will advise the publishers of any seeming errors in
the copy; of definitions which may seem to be at vari-
ance with definitions or statements of authors or trade
authorities of international recognition; or of additional
definitions, or other additions which intheir opinion will
enhance the value of the book. Suggestions should be
addressedto: The Gemological Institute ofAmerica, 541
South Alexandria, Los Angeles 5, California.
The Companion Volume. A diamond glossary, a portion of
whichappearedseriallyintheperiodicalGems&Gemology,
is nowin preparation and will later be published as a book
uniform with this volume. Hence the only definitions in
this dictionary which contain any specialized information
concerning diamonds areafewbrief definitions of the bet-
terknownandmostfamousdiamonds,thereplicasofwhich
are frequently exhibited.
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