Dictionary of Mathematical Games, Puzzles and Amusements

295 Pages·1988·29.01 MB·English

by  Harry Edwin Eiss

LibraorfyC ongreCssa taloging-in-PuDbaltiac ation
EissH,a rrEyd win.
Dictionoafrm ya thematigcaamle sp,u zzleasn,d
amusements.
Bibliograpp.h y:
Includiensd ex.
I.M athematirceaclr eations-Dictionaries.
2.Pu zzles-DictionaIr.iT eist.l e.
QA95.E371 988 793.7'4'032817 -280
ISBN0 -313-24(7l1i4bb-d.5g .:a lkp.a per)
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exprewsrsi ttceonn seonftt hep ublisher.
LibraorfyC ongreCsast alCoagr dN umber8:7 -280
ISBN:0 -313-24714-5
Firsptu blishien1d 9 88
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CONTENTS
Preface ix
DictioonfMa artyh emaGtaimceaPslu, z z,la ensdA musements
Bibliography 273
Index 275

PREFACE
Zenoof E legaa zoeusot v etrh bee autciofuunlot fra yn cient HGerh eaesc e.
recently tdhpeehf ielnodseoodfhp ihtsye acPhaermre niadgeasi tnhsveti eowfs
Pythag,Ho erraasc,la intAdun saxagPoerarshP.aa prsm enviideeowsft ' h weo rld
asa s ol,fi idn,iu tneifeonrtm,i w tiythtoiumtoe rm oti,ho annso atn swetrheed
questoifao lnelsx istoenncacene fd o arl, Zl entoh i,nb kusstu reimltay k emso re
sentshea tnh oet hpehri losophies.
Motimouns bte o nlayni llusAinoa nr.r oawte acihn stianin ttps a tmhu st
occuaps yp ecipfliaiccn es pacIeti. ,s t here,fa olrweaaytsr esPtu.z zl,i ng
thou,Zg ehnsop eculAantdwe hsa.it fs paicsde i viudpei dn tion finsimtaelllye r
particTlheesan?m anc ounledv wearl akc rotshsse t r,eb eetcaubseef ohree
cougledat l tlh wea ya crohsews o ulhda vteog ehta lwfa ya croasnsbd,e fohree
cougledht a lwfa ya crohsews o ulhda vteog ehta loffh alwfa ya cr,oa snsodn
ando ni ntion finity.
Simpplaer adoExaessia?ln ys werWeedl,i?l tt o osko m2e, 040y eafrossr o me­
onteo a rraitva ena nswIenr1 .78 3,G eorCga ntcoarm uep w itthh Ceo ntinuum
Hypotih,swe hsicihsb asoendt hteh eotrhy,aw thedne alwiinttghh ien fi,in ti te
isn ecestsora erpyl saocmeoe ft hreu luessef do fri nmiatteh emaOtnieoc fts h.e
mositm poritsta hnaattn i nficnoiltlee ccatbnie op nu itn taoo ne-toc-oornree ­
spondewnictaehp arotfi tseIlnof t.h weorr ,di sti sp ossifbotlrhe e trobe e a n
infinnuimtbeoe fri ntre,sga endi ti sa lspoo ssifbotlrhe e troeb ea ni nfinite
numboefre veinn tegTehru,sts .h earreie n finbietyioeinsnd f inTihtefi ierss.t
infinsietCtea ntdoers ignaasat leedp h,-t nhufeli lrisntf isneibtte ey oanlde ph­
nulalsa leph-one.
Thiissn otth pel atcoge e itn taho i ghsloyp histdiicsactuesodsfC i aonnt or's
x Preface
theoriest ot (hreeen ftoernryP aradooxfte hsIe n fifnoiartm eo rdee tailed
overv)iT.eh wep oiinstt h aittt oomki llefnonsrio am eotnoce o muep w itah
soluttoiZ oenn op'asr ad(orxeetfsote hree n tornyZ enoP'asr adfooxfreu sr ther
discusosfti hmoe)na, n tdh aCta ntotrh'esoa rrineeo ms o ruen iverascaclelpyt ed
byc ontemporary mtahtahZnee mnaowt'eisrc beiy ha incsso ntempo.r aries
DaviHdi lb,te hrbetr illleiaadnoetfwr h aitsc alltehAdex iomaGtriocuo pf
twentiethm-actehnetmuart,ypi rcaiiasness "CNoao nntseoh rae:lx lp ueslf rom
thpea radwihsiecC ha nthoarsc reaftoeurds . "I H owev,ee qruablrliyl liant
mathematciocnidaenCmsan n totrh'eso. rH ieensProii nchaarsset a,t" eLadter
generawtiilrolen gsa[ rCda ntMoern'gse]n laesah d ries efarsoewmh icohnh ea s
recov"e2r KeudrG.t6 d,ew lhop rovtehdaC ta ntoars'ssu mptthitaohtne irsne o
aleph baeltew-penheuanln ltd h peo weorft hceo ntincuouubmle da ssumteobd e
tru,ea ndP auJl.C ohe,wn hop rovtehdoe p po,sb iotteh beliCeavnet ort'hsa t
ContinHuyupmo thweisluills t imbaetp erloyvf eanl. s e
Theq uestrieomna,sai nndt herye sattt hvee rfyo undaotfmi aotnhse m.a tics
Buwth adto easlt lh hiasv teod ow itmha themagtaimce,pas ulz z,la enadsm use­
mentFsi?r osfat l ,l Zepnaor'asd aorxaeem so ntgh meo scto mmonilnyc luded
subject inmr aetctreeram taitohneaml,a a tnidCc asntotrh'eso sreireavss et he
basfiosnr u merous problienrm esc rienacmtlaiutodhneeadml. aF tuirctshe,r more
sintchefe i rtshtio rftd h tew entcieentth,ut rhyehraebs e eans hiifnrt e creational
mathemaftriolcmes ss so phistaimcuasteemdie nnn tusm bceurr io,sm iatzi,ee ss
simpgleeo mepturzizc,la ersithsmtaotpriryco mbsl,ce artdr i,cm kasgiscq ua,r es
trisecotfti hoaenn g,ls equartihcneig r ,cd lueplicoaftt hiceou nb, Pe ythagorean
trip,lb eosagradm e,as nsdo o n,t oa tt imheisg hsloyp histeixcpaltoerodaf t ions
numbtehr eo,gr aymteh eo,gr ryapthh eo,tr oypolopgriocbal,lef mlsexa,g ons
logipcaarla d,of xaelslaocfli oeg,sip caradoofxt ehisen fi,an nisdto eo n.
Mathemagtaimce,aps lu zz,la ensda musemgeonb tasc tkot hbee ginonfi ng
recorhdiesdt, mo arnyoyf t he,sm ucahsZ enop'asr ad,or xeeasppetairmaienn dg
time atgharionu ghhiosut.toL riytitslk en own atbhomeua tt hemarteiccraela ­
tioinnse xistdeunrcietn hgse o -caDlalreAkdg e,sb ubty t hMei ddAlgee ,s
notanbalmee, ss ucahsF ibon(aeLcocnia ordfPo i ;s1 a022,)w hoi sf amofuosr
theF ibonsaecrc,iia e nsdR abbiEbzern(a 11 04),a ppe.Ga errolaCmaor dan
(1051-716a5)n dN icholas (TNiacrctoFalogonl tiaa1n 005a-;15 57t)oo pka ritn
am athemadtuieaclsat lh ree souflCt a rdan sTtaeratlaigsnlogil au'ttsioa o n
cubeiqcu oant.i
Int hsee ventceeenntt,ubh ro yokbse gaanp peadreivnogst oeldet lory e crea­
tionmaalt hem.aC tliacusGdaes paBradc hdeetM ezir(i51a81c- 3186w)r ote
Problepmleasi seatdn esl ectqaubsile fe osnp ta rl enso mbr(e1s26 ,)1w hich
wentth rofuigvehed it,it ohnmeso srte ceinn1t 59 9a,n sde rvaesad s ourfcoer
simicloalrl nesc.It itin oclucdaertddr i,cw kastch-pudziza,llw e esigphrto mbsl,e
andd ifficcruolsgtss. i n
VanE tt(eJne Laenu re)cw hroonRteec reamtaitohnesm atiin1q 26u4eb,sa sed