Developmental language skills - Guided Practice in Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics (Grade 11)

235 Pages·19.839 MB·English

FIFTH COURSE
Developmental
Language Skills
■ Grammar
■ Usage
■ Mechanics
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ISBN 978-0-03-099168-4
ISBN 0-03-099168-4
1 2 3 4 5 6 018 13 12 11 10 09
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Contents
Using This Workbook ....................................................vi Chapter 4
Symbols for Revising and Proofreading....................vii
THE CLAUSE:
INDEPENDENT AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
Chapter 1
The Adjective Clause......................................................47
PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW:
The Noun Clause............................................................49
IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION
The Adverb Clause........................................................51
The Noun............................................................................1
Sentence Structure A: Simple Sentences
The Pronoun A: Personal Pronouns, Reflexive and Compound Sentences ......................................53
and Intensive Pronouns..............................................3
Sentence Structure B: Complex Sentences
The Pronoun B: Demonstrative Pronouns, and Compound-Complex Sentences ....................55
Interrogative Pronouns..............................................5
The Pronoun C: Relative Pronouns, Chapter 5
Indefinite Pronouns....................................................7
AGREEMENT:
The Adjective ....................................................................9
SUBJECT AND VERB,PRONOUN AND ANTECEDENT
The Verb A: Main Verbs and Helping Verbs ............11
Subject-Verb Agreement A: Singular, Plural,
The Verb B: Action Verbs and Linking Verbs............13 and Compound Subjects..........................................57
The Verb C: Transitive Verbs and Subject-Verb Agreement B: Intervening
Intransitive Verbs ......................................................15 Phrases and Clauses, Indefinite Pronouns ..........59
The Adverb......................................................................17 Subject-Verb Agreement C: Collective Nouns,
The Preposition ..............................................................19 Expressions of Amount............................................61
The Conjunction and the Interjection ........................21 Subject-Verb Agreement D: Subjects Following
Verbs, Don’t andDoesn’t ..........................................63
Chapter 2
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement A: Singular,
Plural, and Compound Antecedents ....................65
THE PARTS OF A SENTENCE:
SUBJECTS,PREDICATES,COMPLEMENTS Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement B:
Indefinite Pronouns, Relative Pronouns ..............67
The Subject ......................................................................23
The Predicate ..................................................................25 Chapter 6
The Direct Object and the Objective
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY:
ed. Complement ..............................................................27 CASE FORMS OF PRONOUNS
erv The Indirect Object ........................................................29
es Personal Pronouns A:The Nominative Case,
hts r The Predicate Nominative............................................31 the Possessive Case ..................................................69
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on. Classifying Sentences by Purpose ..............................35 the Possessive Case ..................................................71
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d Chapter 3
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Holt, Rin KAINNDD TSH OEFIR P HFURNACSETSIONS CPRLEOANRO RUENFSE RAENNDC AE:NTECEDENTS
© by The Prepositional Phrase..............................................37 Clear Reference A:Ambiguous Reference,
ght The Participle and the Participial Phrase..................39 General Reference......................................................75
opyri The Gerund and the Gerund Phrase..........................41 Clear Reference B:Weak Reference,
C
The Infinitive and the Infinitive Phrase ....................43 Indefinite Reference..................................................77
The Appositive and the Appositive Phrase..............45
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Contents
Chapter 8 Capitalization C: Geographical Names;
Heavenly Bodies ....................................................119
USING VERBS CORRECTLY:
Capitalization D: Organizations and
PRINCIPAL PARTS,TENSE,VOICE,MOOD
Institutions; Businesses and Brand Names;
Principal Parts of Verbs A: Regular Verbs ................79
Buildings and Structures........................................121
Principal Parts of Verbs B: Irregular Verbs................81
Capitalization E: Monuments and Awards;
Sitand Set, Riseand Raise, Lieand Lay ..................83 Calendar Items and Historical Events;
Tense..................................................................................85 Nationalities..............................................................123
Progressive Forms of Verbs..........................................87 Capitalization F: Religious Names;
The Uses of Tenses..........................................................89 Transportation; School Subjects............................125
Consistency of Tense......................................................91 Capitalization G: Titles................................................127
Active Voice and Passive Voice....................................93 Chapter 13
Chapter 9 PUNCTUATION:
END MARKS AND COMMAS
USING MODIFIERS CORRECTLY:
End Marks......................................................................129
FORMS AND USES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS;
COMPARISON Abbreviations A: Names and Titles;
Agencies and Acronyms........................................131
Troublesome Modifiers A:Bad andBadly,
Good andWell ............................................................95 Abbreviations B: Geographical Terms;
Measurement............................................................133
Troublesome Modifiers B: Slow andSlowly,
Real andReally............................................................97 Commas with Items in a Series ................................135
Degrees of Comparison ................................................99 Commas with Independent Clauses........................137
Use of Comparisons ....................................................101 Commas with Nonessential Clauses and
Phrases ......................................................................139
Chapter 10
Commas with Introductory Elements......................141
PLACEMENT OF MODIFIERS: Commas with Interrupters ........................................143
MISPLACED AND DANGLING MODIFIERS Commas in Conventional Situations........................145
Placement of Modifiers A: Misplaced
Modifiers, Squinting Modifiers............................103 Chapter 14
Placement of Modifiers B: Dangling Modifiers......105 PUNCTUATION: d.
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OTHER MARKS OF PUNCTUATION erv
Chapter 11 Semicolons ....................................................................147 hts res
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A GLOSSARY OF USAGE: Colons ............................................................................149 All ri
COMMON USAGE PROBLEMS n.
Glossary of Usage A....................................................107 PItaarliecnst (hUesnedse, rDliansihnegs), .a..n..d... .B...r.a..c..k..e..t..s.........................................................115513 Winsto
Glossary of Usage B ....................................................109 nd
Glossary of Usage C....................................................111 Quotation Marks A: Direct Quotations....................155 hart a
Quotation Marks B: Titles; Slang, Technical ne
Glossary of Usage D....................................................113 Terms, and Definitions ..........................................157 olt, Ri
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Chapter 12 Ellipsis Points................................................................159 by
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Apostrophes in Possessive Case................................161 ht
CAPITALIZATION g
RULES OF STANDARD USAGE Apostrophes inContractions and Plurals................163 opyri
Hyphens ........................................................................165 C
Capitalization A: First Words; Salutations
and Closings; The Pronoun I................................115
Capitalization B: Proper Nouns and Proper
Adjectives; Names and Initials ............................117
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Contents
Chapter 15
SPELLING:
IMPROVING YOUR SPELLING
Words with ieand ei....................................................167
Prefixes and Suffixes....................................................169
Plurals of Nouns ..........................................................171
Writing Numbers..........................................................173
Words Often Confused A............................................175
Words Often Confused B............................................177
Words Often Confused C............................................179
Chapter 16
CORRECTING COMMON ERRORS:
KEY LANGUAGE SKILLS REVIEW
Common Errors Review..............................................181
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Using This Workbook
The worksheets in this workbook provide instruction, practice, and reinforcement for Elements of
Languageand Language Skills Practice.
This workbook is designed to supplement Language Skills Practiceby providing additional
instruction and practice to students who have not yet mastered the rules and topics covered in
Elements of Language.
You will find throughout the workbook several special features, which have been added to aid
students’ mastery of grammar, usage, and mechanics. The special features include notes,
reminders, tips, points of instruction after instructional and exercise examples, and guided practice
for the first one or two items in each exercise.
• Notesprovide students with pertinent information related to the rule or topic covered on a
given worksheet.
• Remindersreview grammatical terms and concepts that were covered on previous
worksheets.
• Tipsprovide students with tangible aids for understanding abstract concepts. These tips
include mnemonic devices, identification tests, and recognition strategies.
• Points of Instructionexplain how the rule or topic applies to the instructional and exercise
examples provided.
• Guided Practicehelps students with the first one or two items of each exercise by asking
questions that guide students to the correct answer.
Teacher’s Notesand an Answer Keyare provided on the Teacher One Stop™ DVD-ROM with
ExamView® Test Generator.
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Symbols for Revising and Proofreading
(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2)
Symbol Example Meaning of Symbol
Fifty-first street Capitalize a lowercase letter.
/ Jerry’s A/unt Lowercase a capital letter.
e
^ differ^ant Change a letter.
of Insert a missing word,letter,
^ the capital Ohio
^ or punctuation mark.
lake
^ beside the^ river Replace a word.
Leave out a word,letter,
Where’s the the key?
or punctuation mark.
/ an invisib/ile guest Leave out and close up.
a close friend ship Close up space.
thier Change the order of letters.
Avoid having too many Transfer the circled words.
tr corrections of your paper (Write trin nearby margin.)
in the final version.
^
“Hi,”he smiled. Begin a new paragraph.
. Stay well. Add a period.
^, Of course you may be wrong. Add a comma.
d. ^,
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es # icehockey Add a space.
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nd Jim Fiorello,Ph.D.
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NAME CLASS DATE
for CHAPTER 1: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW pages 49=50
The Noun
1a. A nounnames a person,a place,a thing,or an idea.
PERSONS dentist,cousin,Tiger Woods,Mrs.Mendoza
PLACES kitchen,Detroit,Grand Canyon,mall
THINGS notebook,map,Washington Monument,chair
IDEAS bravery,talent,self-esteem,Buddhism
Common Nouns and Proper Nouns
Acommon nounnames any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas, and generally is
not capitalized unless it begins a sentence or is part of a title. Aproper nounnames a particular
person, place, thing, or idea and is generally capitalized.
COMMON NOUNS poet,city,game,philosophy
PROPER NOUNS Matthew Arnold,St.Louis,Super Bowl,Zen
EXERCISEA Underline each noun in the following sentences. Then,underline each proper noun a
second time.
Example 1. Chrisand his brotherloaded the booksonto the cart. [Chrisnames a particular person;
brothernames a person,but not a particular one. Booksandcartname things that belong
to a general group.]
1. While in Spain, Kelly and Veronica toured many old castles. [Which nouns are common and
which are proper?]
2. These shoelaces are too short for my new shoes!
d.
erve 3. Gone with the Windwas the only book that Margaret Mitchell ever wrote.
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n. 5. The sundial, an early timekeeping device, dates back several thousand years.
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an Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns
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olt, five senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell). An abstract nounnames an idea, a feeling,
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© by a quality, or a characteristic that cannot be perceived by the senses.
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C ABSTRACT NOUNS guilt,perseverance,joy,Buddhism,humility
1
Developmental Language Skills
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NAME CLASS DATE
for CHAPTER 1: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW pages 49=50 continued
EXERCISEB Decide whether each of the following nouns is concreteor whether it is abstract. Write Cfor
concreteor Afor abstracton the line next to each noun.
Examples C 1. balloon [Aballooncan be perceived by the senses,so it is a concrete noun.]
A 2. encouragement [Encouragementcannot be perceived by the senses,so it is an
abstract noun.]
6. promise 11. humility
7. Mr. O’Neal 12. skateboard
8. bandage 13. microphone
9. self-control 14. urgency
10. pillow 15. hope
Collective Nouns and Compound Nouns
The singular form of a collective nounnames a group of people, animals, or things.
COLLECTIVE NOUNS audience,batch,bunch,cluster,crew,family,flock,group,herd,jury
Acompound nounuses two or more words together to name a person, place, thing, or idea.
The words of a compound noun may be joined together in one word, written as two or more
separate words, or linked together with hyphens.
ONE WORD hairbrush,roadblock,noisemaker,checkbook
SEPARATE WORDS baby sitter,White House,high school,King John,San Diego
HYPHENATED WORD jack-in-the-box,mother-in-law,half-moon,self-assurance
d.
EXERCISEC Underline each noun in the following sentences. Then,if the noun is collective,write COLL erve
es
for collectiveabove it. If the noun is compound,write COMPfor compoundabove it. hts r
COLL COMP COMP g
Example 1. The groupput up a flagpolenext to the post office. [Groupis a collective noun. All ri
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Flagpoleis a compound noun made up of two words written together,flagandpole,and nst
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post officeis a compound noun written as two separate words.] art a
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16. Several couples in the audience rose from their seats and danced a two-step. [Are any of the olt,
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nouns in this sentence made up of two words? Do any of the nouns refer to a group?] ©
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17. Will the jury render a verdict by this afternoon? Co
18. Even the strongest weight lifter could not budge the massive boulder.
19. The crew of the ship went ashore to gather supplies from shops along the shoreline.
20. Has Mariana ever visited Yellowstone National Park?
2
Fifth Course