Developmental Biology of Peripheral Lymphoid Organs PDF
Preview Developmental Biology of Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
Developmental Biology of Peripheral Lymphoid Organs . Pe´ter Balogh Editor Developmental Biology of Peripheral Lymphoid Organs Editor Pe´terBalogh UniversityofPe´cs DepartmentofImmunologyandBiotechnology Szigetiu´t12 7624Pe´cs Hungary [email protected] ISBN978-3-642-14428-8 e-ISBN978-3-642-14429-5 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-14429-5 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork #Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH,Heidelberg,Germany Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface The human immune system is a complex network oftissues and organs dispersed throughoutthebody.Theseanatomicformationsatdefinitelocationsandnumbers are populated overwhelmingly with white blood cells (lymphocytes and other leukocytes) that are specialized to recognize invading pathogens and eventually destroythese. Thesceneforsuchcollaborativeworkisthesetoftissuescollectivelyreferredto asperipherallymphoidtissuesandorgans,todistinguishfromthosecentral/primary lymphoid tissues where the bulk of pathogen-responsive cells develop. Among vertebrates, the mammalians (including humans) possess the broadest range of peripherallymphoidtissuesandorgans.Althoughsimilarinfunctions,theseterri- tories are remarkably different in the way how they emerge during development, gainfunctionalcompetence,andwhattissueorganizationtheyachieve. This interlinked relationship of development–structure–functionality necessi- tates a volume dedicated to those developmental events that occur at the site of future immune responses, but take place prior to any encounter with external pathogens, and are crucial for subsequent immunological defense. In this regard, these biological processes strikingly mirror the evolution and advance of human society where, as a result of several thousands of years of history and social development, sophisticated infrastructure suiting highly diverse activities has been created. Buildings for living, education, work, as well as transport routes andruleshavebeencreatedwellbeforetheactualneedarises,butinaforeseeable and predictable pattern as a common elementin preventing chaos and collapse of the system. These sites are to be filled in by people trained to perform their own individual tasks for the society’s benefit as dictated by their individual capacities and conditions. In this regard, lymphocytes (demonstrating a high-degree of indi- vidualitythroughtheirclonallyrearrangedantigenreceptors)populateandinteract within those tissues whose formation had been initiated well before the duty bell rang,intheformofantigensengagingbothclonalandnonclonalreceptors. This book addresses the formation of peripheral lymphoid organs without the intentionofcompetingwithexcellenttextbooksandothersourcesthatareavailable onhistologyandgeneralimmunology.Theobjectiveofthisbook’scontributorsis v vi Preface toprovideforthefirsttimeacomprehensivesourceinthisfieldforthosestudents and professionals who endeavor in studying the wonders of peripheral lymphoid organs. It is our hope that this volume will be but the first of many efforts with similarfocus,andthatsomereaderswillbeattractedtohaveapeekattheblueprint ofoururbansocietywithin,sothedaymaycomewhenitsfailurescanbetackled moreefficiently. Pe´cs,Hungary Pe´terBalogh July2010 Contents 1 Introduction:EvolutionofPeripheralLymphoidOrgans .............. 1 Pe´terBalogh PartI CommonThemesinLymphoidOrganDevelopment 2 CellularPartnersintheEmbryonicInductionofLymphoid Territories:OriginsandTranscriptionalRegulation ................... 7 Pe´terBalogh 3 Lymphotoxin/TumourNecrosisFactorFamilyMembers asMorphogenicFactors .................................................. 15 Pe´terBalogh 4 NF-kBSignallingandLymphoidTissueOrganogenesis ............... 25 CecileBenezech,EmmaMader,FalkWeih,andJorgeH.Caaman˜o 5 HomeostaticChemokines,CytokinesandTheirReceptors inPeripheralLymphoidOrganDevelopment .......................... 39 Pe´terBalogh PartII DevelopmentofLymphNodesinHumansandRodents 6 DevelopmentalRelationshipandConvergenceBetweenthe FormationofLymphoidOrgansandLymphaticVasculature ........ 49 Pe´terBalogh 7 DevelopmentandStructureofLymphNodesinHumans andMice ................................................................... 59 TomCupedo,MarkC.Coles,andHenriqueVeiga-Fernandes vii viii Contents 8 DevelopmentofLymphNodeCirculationandHoming Mechanisms .............................................................. 75 AnnAger,MarkC.Coles,andJensV.Stein PartIII ProgrammedandNascentGut-AssociatedOrganized LymphoidTissues 9 StructureandDevelopmentofPeyer’sPatchesinHumans andMice .................................................................. 97 TomCupedo,MarkC.Coles,andHenriqueVeiga-Fernandes 10 CryptopatchesandIsolatedLymphoidFollicles: AspectsofDevelopment,HomeostasisandFunction ................. 107 HeikeHerbrandandOliverPabst PartIV SingleComplexity:TheSpleen 11 StructuralEvolutionoftheSpleeninManandMouse .............. 121 Pe´terBaloghandA´rpa´dLa´badi 12 FormationandFunctionofWhitePulpLymphocyteRich AreasofSpleen .......................................................... 143 PeterJ.L.Lane,FionaM.McConnell,andDavidWithers PartV DisassemblingthePuzzle:EffectofAging 13 Age-AssociatedDeclineinPeripheralLymphoid OrganFunctions ........................................................ 161 RaniaM.ElSayed,JohnG.Tew,andAndrasK.Szakal Index .......................................................................... 175 Contributors Ann Ager Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine,CardiffUniversity,Cardiff,UK Pe´ter Balogh Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine,UniversityofPe´cs,Pe´cs,Hungary Cecile Benezech School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham,Birmingham,UK Jorge H. Caaman˜o School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham,Birmingham,UK MarkC.Coles CentreforImmunologyandInfection,DepartmentofBiologyand HullYorkMedicalSchool,UniversityofYork,York,UK Tom Cupedo Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam,TheNetherlands Rania M. El Sayed Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia CommonwealthUniversity,Richmond,VA23298-0678,USA HeikeHerbrand InstituteofImmunology,HannoverMedicalSchool,Hannover, Germany A´rpa´d La´badi Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine,UniversityofPe´cs,Pe´cs,Hungary Peter J.L. Lane MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research,BirminghamMedicalSchool,Birmingham,UK ix x Contributors Emma Mader School ofImmunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centrefor Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham,UK FionaM.McConnell MRCCentreforImmuneRegulation,InstituteforBiomed- icalResearch,BirminghamMedicalSchool,Birmingham,UK Oliver Pabst Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany JensV.Stein TheodorKocherInstitute,UniversityofBern,Bern,Switzerland AndrasK.Szakal DepartmentofAnatomyandNeurobiology,andTheImmuno- biology Group, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA John G.Tew Department of Microbiology andImmunology,Virginia Common- wealthUniversity,Richmond,VA23298-0678,USA HenriqueVeiga-Fernandes ImmunobiologyUnit,InstitutodeMedicinaMolecu- lar,FaculdadedeMedicinadeLisboa,Lisboa,Portugal Falk Weih Leibniz-Institute for Age Research, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany David Withers MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research,BirminghamMedicalSchool,Birmingham,UK
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