Development Co-operation Report 2019

156 Pages·2020·11.598 MB·English

by  Oecd

Development Co‑operation Report 2019
A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW
This 57th edition of the Development Co‑operation Report is intended to align development co‑operation
Development Co‑operation
with today’s most urgent global priorities, from the rising threat of climate change to the flagging response
to the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda. The report provides OECD members and other
development actors with evidence, analysis and examples that will help them to reinvigorate public and political Report 2019
debates at home and build momentum for the global solutions that today’s challenges demand. It concludes
with a Call to Action for a change in course for development co‑operation in the 21st century. The report
also includes annual “development co‑operation at a glance” data for over 80 providers of development A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW
co‑operation including members of the OECD, the Development Assistance Committee, other countries
and philanthropic foundations. These profiles complement Development Co‑operation Profiles 2019 web books.
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ISBN 978‑92‑64‑48293‑7
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DEVELOPMENT
CO-OPERATION REPORT
2019: A FAIRER, GREENER,
SAFER TOMORROW
This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and
arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries.
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Please cite this publication as:
OECD (2019), Development Co-operation Report 2019: A Fairer, Greener, Safer Tomorrow, OECD Publishing, Paris,
https://doi.org/10.1787/9a58c83f-en.
ISBN 978-92-64-48293-7 (print)
ISBN 978-92-64-57881-4 (pdf)
Development Co-operation Report
ISSN 2074-773X (print)
ISSN 2074-7721 (online)
Corrigenda to publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm.
© OECD 2019
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Preface
and the partners of co-operation for
EVERYONE GAINS
development. Yet governments struggle
FROM INTERNATIONAL
to engage them meaningfully, to tell the
complex and politically charged story of co-
CO-OPERATION FOR
operation in compelling words that speak to
DEVELOPMENT
all generations, and to respond to citizens’
own aspirations.
Why co-operate with developing nations? The 2019 Development Co-operation Report
The finance, knowledge and ideas that flow calls on providers of development co-operation
through development co-operation stem to change course. We need a new narrative that
from solidarity, a moral imperative to help our goes beyond the rhetoric of “us” and “them”,
fellow humans, as well as from a very rational we need to demonstrate how development
quest for mutual benefits. We will not be able co-operation contributes to better lives by
to achieve fairer and more inclusive economic supporting peace building, through quality
growth in our societies without greater global early childhood programmes that give equal
sustainable development. opportunities to girls and boys, or by building
The challenges we face today – climate more autonomous administrations capable of
change, widening inequalities and cracking down on tax evasion.
conflicts, among others – are not contained We also need more resolute action by
within national borders. Neither are the the development community to constantly
solutions. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable improve their policies, adapt them to
Development and the Paris Agreement are changing geopolitical and technological
grounded in the understanding that tackling realities, and uphold the highest transparency
major systemic problems and the political, and accountability standards.
economic, social and environmental crises Development co-operation cannot create a
confronting the world requires greater perfect world, but it does help create a better
international co-operation. one. OECD governments and their agencies
Citizens worldwide are voicing their need to show, through greater actions and
frustration and challenging leaders to act for investments, that development co-operation
climate and global justice. Those citizens live is fit to take on 21st century challenges, and
in wealthier countries where globalisation has that it is open to working with diverse actors.
left people and groups behind, in small island The OECD will champion this report’s call to
developing states that face the immediate action, with the ultimate goal of fostering
threats of global warming, in authoritarian better lives in all parts of the world.
societies where expressing dissent carries
great personal risk, and in poor countries
that will suffer the most from climate change. Angel Gurría
They are the shareholders, the stakeholders OECD Secretary-General
DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2019: A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW © OECD 2019 3
Foreword
The annual Development Co-operation Report development co-operation today – why it
brings new evidence, analysis and ideas on matters, what it achieves, and how and what
sustainable development to members of the it can do better. We were challenged to tell
OECD Development Assistance Committee a story that will reach new audiences such
(DAC) and the international community more as the passionate activists of all ages – and
broadly. The objectives are to promote best especially youth – who are demanding
practices and innovation in development action for a better tomorrow. Building on the
co-operation and to inform and shape policy analysis, evidence and recommendations
reform and behaviour change to realise better from a series of reports the Directorate
lives and the sustainable development goals published in 2019, this Development
for all. Each year, the report analyses a policy Co-operation Report reviews progress towards
issue that is timely, relevant or challenging sustainable development and concludes with
for development co-operation policy and recommendations to bring the full capacities
finance. It also includes annual “development and resources of the development system to
co-operation at a glance” data for over 80 bear on the immense challenges of our time.
providers of development co-operation The report comprises two chapters.
including members of the OECD, the DAC, The first chapter tells an upbeat story,
other countries and philanthropic foundations. packed with evidence and examples, about
This 57th edition is intended to align development co-operation today. It makes
development co-operation with today’s most the case for a change of course that features
urgent global priorities, from the rising threat a new narrative and more tangible action.
of climate change to the flagging response The second chapter contains one-page
to the Sustainable Development Goals and infographics that provide an overview of
the 2030 Agenda. The report provides OECD emerging trends and insights regarding
members and other development actors with official development finance and presents
evidence, analysis and examples that will individual profiles with key data and policy
help them to reinvigorate public and political priorities of official and philanthropic
debates at home and build momentum for providers of aid, official development
the global solutions that today’s challenges assistance and development finance.
demand. The full report is published in English
The OECD Development Co-operation and French and in the form of multilingual
Directorate decided to produce a different summaries. An electronic version, together
report compared to previous editions in with other supporting material, is available
response to requests from member states on line at https://www.oecd.org/dac/
to tell a more comprehensive story about development-cooperation-report/.
4 DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2019: A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW © OECD 2019
Acknowledgements
The 2019 edition of the OECD Development To develop the narrative in an inclusive way,
Co-operation Report was prepared under the team organised several consultations
the overall leadership of Jorge Moreira da in the form of physical meetings, webinars,
Silva, Director of the OECD Development phone calls, and surveys with key partners
Co-operation Directorate (DCD). Rahul from civil society, think tanks and developing
Malhotra, Head of the Review, Results, countries. Many thanks to everyone who
Evaluation and Development Innovation bought into the project objectives and
Division, DCD, provided strategic guidance contributed constructively to achieving them.
and oversight. Ida Mc Donnell is the team Hoping not to forget anyone, contributors
lead, manager and substantive editor of the included Andrea Ordonez and respondents to
report. The report is produced by a dedicated the survey with Southern Voice: Vaqar Ahmed,
and productive team – thanks to Stacey Lorena Alcázar, Bitrina Diyamett, Blandina
Bradbury, Sara Casadevall Belles, Claudio Kiama, Paschal Mihyo, Partha Mukhopadhyay,
Cerabino, Stephanie Coic, Jason Essomba, Rani Mullen, Mustafizur Rahman, Seydina
Sofia Galanek, Katia Grosheva, Samuel Pleeck O Sene and Victor Ignacio Vasquez Aranda.
and Jessica Voorhees. Thanks go to participants to webinars and
The Chair of the OECD Development meetings, and for providing evidence: Yasmin
Assistance Committee, Susanna Moorehead, Ahmad, Catherine Anderson, Lars Andreas,
provided strategic guidance, insights and Thomas Boehler, Emily Bosch, Rachael Calleja,
advice. Members of the DAC contributed to Juan Casado Asensio, Duncan Cass-Beggs,
and shaped the overall concept for the report Mario Cervantes, Hannah Cole, Carolyn
at a special informal meeting dedicated to the Culey, Harsh Desai, Mariella Di Ciommo,
report in May 2019. Amy Dodd, Jason Gagnon, Daniel Giorev,
Chapter 1 was co-authored by Ida Mc Jonathan Glennie, Nilima Gulrajani, Sarah
Donnell and Justin Cremer, with excellent Harcourt, Tomas Hos, Johannes Jütting, Kumi
research assistance and substantive input Kitamori, Paige Kirby, Caitlin McKee, Rachel
from Samuel Pleeck. A DCD-wide team Morris, François Pacquement, Nadine Piefer-
of experts and colleagues in their teams Söyler, Jan Rielander, Alexandra Rosén, Julie
and divisions helped to co-create this Seghers, Zuzana Sladkova, Amy Taylor and
year’s development co-operation story. Betzy Turnold. Thanks also go to the interns
Special thanks go to Rahul Malhotra for his at DCD who shared youth perspectives:
moderation and leadership of this team Alberto Agnelli, Rachel Brock, Jarrett Dutra,
and to colleagues (in alphabetical order) Erik Forsberg, Sofia Vargas Lozada and
Eric Bensel, Olivier Cattaneo, Ana Fernandes, Maria Villena Cardich. Sincere thanks as well
Mags Gaynor, Samer Hachem, Hanna-Mari to peer reviewers Tamsyn Barton, Pádraig
Kilpeläinen, Rachel Scott and Henri-Bernard Carmody, Doug Frantz, Jennifer van Heerde-
Solignac Lecomte, as well as to DCD’s senior Hudson, David Hudson, Mark Tran and
management team. Felix Zimmermann.
DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2019: A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW © OECD 2019 5
Thanks to Susan Sachs for copy-editing publication. Special thanks are due to Janine
and Jennifer Allain for proofreading. Cover Treves, Audrey Garrigoux, Florence Guérinot,
design and infographics are by Stephanie Claudia Tromboni and Jonathan Dayot.
Coic. Thanks also to the creative and artistic Thanks also to Erin Renner Cordell and James
team at RIDG: We Build Better Innovators – Purcell for editorial and communication
Joran Slane Oppelt, Geoff Nelson and support, and to Sylvie Walter and Virginie
Diana Flores who created the visualisation Buschini for administrative and management
of the development co-operation system support.
as an anthill. The French version of the report The OECD would like to thank all DAC
was translated by the OECD Translation members and the providers of development
Division, under the supervision of Florence co-operation beyond the DAC membership
Burloux-Mader and proofread by Sophie for fact-checking the digital webbook “Profiles
Alibert. of providers of development co-operation”
The OECD Public Affairs and earlier in the year, which are synthesised in
Communication Directorate produced the infographics in this report.
6 DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2019: A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW © OECD 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE 3
FOREWORD 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5
EDITORIAL 8
EXECUTIVESUMMARY 11
1.DEVELOPMENTCO-OPERATIONCHANGINGCOURSE
THROUGHNEWWORDSANDACTIONS 15
2.DEVELOPMENTCO-OPERATIONPROFILESATAGLANCE 57
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Alerts
DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2019: A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW © OECD 2019 7
Editorial
community must be two steps ahead of
WHY DEVELOPMENT
looming problems, while remembering to
CO-OPERATION MATTERS
step back to look at what we are doing right
and where we need to improve.
By Susanna Moorehead, Chair, Development Governments and all other development
Assistance Committee and Jorge actors need to ask themselves if they
Moreira da Silva, Director, Development are adapting effectively. Development
Co-operation Directorate, OECD co-operation is different now compared to
decades ago. Wealthy western nations no
The world has seen remarkable progress in longer dominate the global agenda. The
the past decades: extreme poverty and child rapid transformations of many developing
mortality rates have plummeted while literacy countries into geopolitical powerhouses
and girls’ education are on the rise. At the mean that the old ways of dividing countries
same time, the international community has into categories such as donor and recipient,
failed to live up to its commitments in far developed and developing, rich and poor, no
too many areas. All forms of inequality and longer apply.
the stubborn persistence of poverty, violent Yet, we often keep on looking at
conflict, state fragility and mass displacement international development co-operation
run counter to the sense of progress. Most through these outdated lenses. We continue
profoundly, the climate crisis threatens to to tell stories that fail to resonate with the
both overshadow all other development public and engage citizens in a meaningful
challenges and to overturn hard-won gains. way. We need a new narrative. To inspire
As we approach 2030, the target year for hope and stronger action, this narrative
both the Sustainable Development Goals and should focus on development co-operation’s
the Paris Agreement on climate change, all strengths while being honest about its
actors involved in sustainable development shortcomings. A narrative that explains how
need to confront the urgency of the moment. development co-operation is intricately tied to
It’s not enough to respond to crises as they the world’s challenges and is well positioned
arise. Firefighting, while necessary at times, to address those challenges. One that
will not create a fairer, greener and safer demonstrates how development co-operation
world. To do that, all nations of the world that benefits everyone, also advances
must act rather than react. The development national interests. A narrative that focuses on
8 DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2019: A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW © OECD 2019
the protection of global public goods, while local actors so that they can chart their own
preserving national sovereignty. course to a good life. However, development
This new narrative should also speak co-operation is not the only solution to
to persistent myths and perceptions. It the world’s problems. Of course not. While
should speak more openly and forcefully we have decades of evidence and a trove
about development co-operation’s strong of inspiring stories to show the benefits
accountability systems that catch and crack of development-co-operation, we need to
down on corruption and share stories demonstrate how working internationally
about innovative solutions. Look, for responds to what people care about: climate,
example, at how international co-operation health, basic human needs and justice.
helps countries make significant strides Changing the narrative of development
in eliminating corporate tax evasion and co-operation will not be enough. To reflect
boosting domestic resources for development. new realities, we cannot just change the way
Changing the narrative will not be easy. we talk about development co-operation. We
It is difficult for positive development news must also change the way we go about it.
stories to gain traction when the media OECD Development Assistance Committee
focuses almost exclusively on what’s going (DAC) governments and development
wrong. It’s no wonder that our publics agencies need to show in deeds not just in
often question the value of development words that development co-operation is fit for
co-operation. We can choose to view this 21st century challenges and be open to new
questioning as a crisis of legitimacy or ways of working with diverse actors.
as an opportunity. Because at the same The impressive progress made by many
time that our citizens – especially youth – countries over the past decade, has reshaped
are frustrated about what they perceive the development landscape. Countries
as a lack of action, they are creating that not so long ago were themselves poor
their own narratives about sustainable are now major players in reducing poverty
development. This provides an opportunity elsewhere, along with civil society, the private
for governments to channel the grassroots sector and philanthropic foundations. OECD
energy of the people we serve. DAC members welcome these new players,
We can promote a modern story that inspires while upholding, updating and promoting
hope, especially for the next generation. the high standards, expertise and good
We have to demonstrate that development practices which we apply to our work and
co-operation is a means of making our shared encouraging others to draw on evidence
world a safer, healthier and cleaner place of what works. We must reignite the spirit
to live. The new narrative must respond to of effective development co-operation by
the millions of people who have taken to working imaginatively with these actors, while
the streets to demand action on the climate retaining our shared values.
crisis and inequalities. We already have a Today’s complex, digitally connected world
noble clarion call: our pledge to “leave no one requires governments to make a better case
behind”. But this commitment itself must be for development co-operation, and more
updated to include future generations, who will effectively explain why it matters. We must
be left behind if we do not act now. be honest about the myriad challenges it
Development co-operation has a unique faces and demonstrate that despite its flaws,
role to play in building a better future development co-operation can help create
because it has the power to provide a helping a better world. By playing to our unique
hand upto countries that are on different strengths and being nimble enough to
development pathways and to the poorest respond to inevitable changes, we will ensure
and most marginalised people on the planet. that development co-operation remains vital
It lends expertise, financing and support to and effective in building a better future for all.
DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2019: A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW © OECD 2019 9