Determining Sample Size P O C K E T G U I D E S T O SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH METHODS Series Editor Tony Tripodi, DSW Professor Emeritus, Ohio State University Determining Sample Size Balancing Power, Precision, and Practicality Patrick Dattalo PATRICK DATTALO Determining Sample Size BalancingPower,Precision,andPracticality 1 2008 3 OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurther OxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellence inresearch,scholarship,andeducation. Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright#2008byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016 www.oup.com OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Dattalo,Patrick Determiningsamplesize:balancingpower, precision,andpracticality/PatrickDattalo p.cm.—(Pocketguidestosocialworkresearchmethods) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-19-531549-3 1. Sampling(Statistics) 2. Socialsciences—Statisticalmethods. 3. Socialsurveys—Methodology. I. Title. HA31.2D382008 Sampling(Statistics)—dc22 2007033289 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper For Debra, Lucevan li occhi suoi piu` che la stella. This page intentionally left blank Contents 1 Basic Terms and Concepts 3 2 Statistical Power Analysis 11 3 Confidence Intervals: Measures of Precision 38 4 Computer-Intensive Methods 55 5 Additional Considerations,Recommendations, and Conclusions 68 6 WorkedExamples 77 Appendix: Annotated Bibliography ofReadings andOther Resources 133 Notes 149 References 153 Index 163 This page intentionally left blank Determining Sample Size
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