Determining Project Requirements, Second Edition : Mastering the BABOK® and the CBAP® Exam

399 Pages·2012·4.614 MB·English

by  Jonasson, Hans

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Business & Management / Project Management
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Good requirements do not come from a tool, or from a customer interview. a
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They come from a repeatable set of processes that takes a project from the S
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early idea stage to the creation of an agreed-upon project and product scope etermining
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between the customer and developer.
From enterprise analysis and planning requirements gathering to documen-
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tation, Determining Project Requirements, Second Edition: Mastering the d
roject
BABOK® and the CBAP® Exam covers the entire business analysis cycle as well
as modeling techniques. Aligned with the International Institute of Business e
Analysis’ (IIBA) Business Analysis Body of Knowledge 2.0® (BABOK® Guide t
r
2.0), the second edition of this popular reference provides readers with a com- re
equirements
plete and up-to-date resource for preparing to take the Certified Business r
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Analysis Professional (CBAP®) examination. It also:
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• Presents helpful techniques, tools, best practices, and templates to
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help readers improve the requirements gathering processes within
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their organization i M BaBOK®
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• Contains exercises, sample solutions, and a case study that illustrate n
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how to deal with the various situations that might be encountered and the xaM
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in the requirements gathering process

• Supplies a broad overview of a multitude of business analysis issues eP
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n econd dition
• Includes two sample business requirements documents—one is
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a comprehensive template, provided courtesy of ESI International, t
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the second is a simpler template suitable for smaller projects S
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The book covers all of the BABOK® knowledge areas and features new
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preparatory sections for the CBAP® exam that include 300 questions. It
examines data modeling, requirements modeling techniques, process modeling, t
and hybrid techniques. With its many examples, use cases, and business
requirements document templates, this book is the ideal self-study guide for H J
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practitioners. The combination of theory, activities, exercises, solutions, case eS
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study, and exam questions also makes it suitable for business analysis students.
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K14270
ISBN: 978-1-4398-9651-8
90000
www.crcpress.com
9 781439 896518
www.auerbach-publications.com
K14270 cvr mech.indd 1 8/8/12 12:18 PM

D
etermining
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equirements
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anD the xam
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econD Dition
ESI International Project Management Series
Series Editor
J. LeRoy Ward, Executive Vice President
ESI International
Arlington, Virginia
Practical Guide to Project Planning
Ricardo Viana Vargas
1-4200-4504-0
The Complete Project Management Office Handbook, Second Edition
Gerard M. Hill
1-4200-4680-2
Determining Project Requirements
Hans Jonasson
1-4200-4502-4
Other ESI International Titles Available from
Auerbach Publications, Taylor & Francis Group
PMP® Challenge! Fourth Edition
J. LeRoy Ward and Ginger Levin
ISBN: 1-8903-6740-0
PMP® Exam: Practice Test and Study Guide, Seventh Edition
J. LeRoy Ward
ISBN: 1-8903-6741-9
The Project Management Drill Book: A Self-Study Guide
Carl L. Pritchard
ISBN: 1-8903-6734-6
Project Management Terms: A Working Glossary, Second Edition
J. LeRoy Ward
ISBN: 1-8903-6725-7
Project Management Tools CD, Version 4.3
ESI International
ISBN: 1-8903-6736-2
Risk Management: Concepts and Guidance, Third Edition
Carl L. Pritchard
ISBN: 1-8903-6739-7
D
etermining
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roject
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h j
ans onasson
IIBA®, the IIBA® logo, BABOK® and Business Analysis Body of Knowledge® are registered trademarks owned by International
Institute of Business Analysis. CBAP® and CCBA® are registered certification marks owned by International Institute of Busi-
ness Analysis. Certified Business Analysis Professional, Certification of Competency in Business Analysis, Endorsed Educa-
tion Provider, EEP and the EEP logo are trademarks owned by International Institute of Business Analysis.
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Version Date: 20120806
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Contents
Foreword to the First Edition ......................................................................xiii
Preface ...........................................................................................................xv
About the Author ........................................................................................xvii
  1  Introduction ...........................................................................................1
1.1 Objectives ..........................................................................................2
1.2 Overview ...........................................................................................2
1.3 Early Days .........................................................................................3
1.4 Project Management Institute® ..........................................................5
1.5 International Institute of Business Analysis™ .....................................6
1.6 Role of the Business Analyst ..............................................................7
1.7 Where Is It All Going? ......................................................................9
1.8 Book Project ......................................................................................9
1.9 Summary .........................................................................................10
Activity ......................................................................................................10
  2  Laying the Foundation .........................................................................11
2.1 Objectives ........................................................................................11
2.2 Overview .........................................................................................12
2.3 Life Cycle Definitions ......................................................................12
2.4 What Is a Body of Knowledge? ........................................................15
2.5 Overview of PMI Applicable Standards ...........................................15
2.6 Overview of IIBA Framework and Standards ..................................17
2.7 SEI-CMMI and Applicability ..........................................................19
2.7.1 Requirements Management ................................................20
2.7.2 Requirements Development ................................................21
2.8 Which Standard to Use? ..................................................................22
2.9 Comments on Tool Standards .........................................................23
v
vi  ◾  Contents
2.10 Business Analyst’s Skills ...................................................................23
2.10.1 Analysis Skills .....................................................................23
2.10.2 Business Knowledge ...........................................................24
2.10.3 IT Knowledge .....................................................................25
2.10.4 Meeting and Presentation Skills .........................................25
2.10.5 Decision Making, Negotiation, Conflict Resolution,
and Escalation Skills ...........................................................26
2.10.6 Questioning Skills, Systems Thinking, and Logic ...............26
2.10.7 Leadership Skills .................................................................27
2.11 Summary .........................................................................................27
Activity ......................................................................................................27
CBAP Test Questions ................................................................................28
  3  Business Analysis Planning and Monitoring .......................................37
3.1 Objectives ........................................................................................37
3.2 Overview .........................................................................................38
3.3 The IIBA View .................................................................................38
3.3.1 Plan the Business Analysis Approach ..................................38
3.3.1.1 Overview of Approaches ....................................40
3.3.1.2 Selecting and Customizing a Process ..................41
3.3.1.3 Waterfall .............................................................43
3.3.1.4 Iterative...............................................................45
3.3.1.5 Agile ...................................................................48
3.3.2 Conduct Stakeholder Analysis ............................................54
3.3.2.1 User Profiling .....................................................56
3.3.2.2 Experienced or Novice Users ..............................58
3.3.2.3 Full-Time or Part-Time Users .............................59
3.3.2.4 Organizational Entities .......................................59
3.3.2.5 Internal or External Users ...................................59
3.3.2.6 Language and Cultural Differences ....................60
3.3.2.7 Geographical Differences ....................................60
3.3.3 Plan Business Analysis Activities ........................................60
3.3.3.1 Project Overview and Background .....................61
3.3.3.2 Scope and Deliverables .......................................62
3.3.3.3 Project Activities .................................................62
3.3.3.4 Roles and Responsibilities ..................................64
3.3.3.5 Resource Plan ....................................................64
3.3.3.6 Requirements Risk Plan .....................................65
3.3.3.7 Manage Changes to Requirements ....................66
3.3.4 Plan Business Analysis Communications ...........................66
3.3.5 Plan Requirements Management Process ............................67
3.3.6 Manage Business Analysis Performance ..............................68
Contents  ◾  vii
3.4 General Guidelines for the Requirements Plan ................................69
3.4.1 Risk ....................................................................................69
3.4.1.1 Step 1: Develop the Risk Management
Approach ............................................................69
3.4.1.2 Step 2: Identify Risks .........................................70
3.4.1.3 Step 3: Assess Risks ............................................71
3.4.1.4 Step 4: Respond to Risks ....................................72
3.4.1.5 Step 5: Monitor and Control Risks .....................73
3.4.2 Estimating ..........................................................................73
3.4.3 Laying Out Tasks ...............................................................74
3.4.4 Costing ...............................................................................75
3.4.5 Tracking and Reporting .....................................................76
3.4.6 Kick-Off Meeting ...............................................................76
3.4.7 Summary ...........................................................................77
Activity ......................................................................................................78
CBAP Test Questions ................................................................................79
  4  Elicitation .............................................................................................89
4.1 Objectives ........................................................................................89
4.2 Overview ........................................................................................90
4.3 The IIBA View ................................................................................90
4.4 How to Select the Right Technique for Gathering Requirements ....92
4.4.1 Different Ways for Different Customers .............................93
4.4.2 Different Ways for Different Categories ..............................94
4.4.3 Impact of Globalization ......................................................94
4.5 Customer Interviews ........................................................................96
4.6 Observation or Job Shadowing ......................................................104
4.7 Studying Existing Systems .............................................................106
4.8 Studying Interfaces ........................................................................107
4.9 Surveys ..........................................................................................109
4.10 Discovery/JAD/Facilitated Sessions ...............................................111
4.10.1 History .............................................................................112
4.10.2 Characteristics of a JAD Project .......................................112
4.10.3 What Is Created in a JAD Session? ...................................112
4.10.4 JAD Participants ..............................................................113
4.10.4.1 Facilitator .........................................................113
4.10.4.2 Business Analyst ...............................................115
4.10.4.3 Scribe ................................................................115
4.10.4.4 User (Customer) ...............................................116
4.10.4.5 Subject Matter Experts .....................................117
4.10.4.6 Developer .........................................................117
4.10.4.7 Sponsor .............................................................118
4.10.4.8 Observers ..........................................................118
viii  ◾  Contents
4.10.5 The JAD Process ...............................................................118
4.10.5.1 Establish Goals and Objectives .........................119
4.10.5.2 Prepare for the Session ......................................119
4.10.5.3 Conduct the Session .........................................121
4.10.5.4 Follow-Up ........................................................125
4.10.6 Facilitation........................................................................125
4.10.7 Summary ..........................................................................128
4.11 Focus Groups ................................................................................128
4.12 Market Research ............................................................................129
4.13 Evaluate “Best Practices” ...............................................................130
4.14 Prototyping ...................................................................................131
4.15 Storyboarding ................................................................................133
4.16 Idea-Generating Techniques (Brainstorming)................................135
4.16.1 Basic Brainstorming .........................................................136
4.16.2 Anonymous Brainstorming...............................................137
4.16.3 Affinity Diagramming ......................................................138
4.16.4 Brainstorming with One Person .......................................139
4.16.5 Brainstorming for a Virtual Team ....................................139
4.16.6 Summary ..........................................................................140
4.17 Tools for Virtual Environments .....................................................140
4.18 Requirements Prioritization Techniques ........................................141
4.18.1 Dollar Approach ...............................................................142
4.18.2 Forced Pair Ranking .........................................................143
4.18.3 Density Dotting ...............................................................144
4.18.4 Analytical Hierarchy Process ............................................145
4.18.5 Summary ..........................................................................145
4.19 Summary .......................................................................................146
Activity ....................................................................................................146
CBAP Test Questions ..............................................................................146
  5  Requirements Management and Communication..............................159
5.1 Objectives ......................................................................................160
5.2 Overview .......................................................................................160
5.3 The IIBA Tasks ..............................................................................160
5.3.1 Manage Solution Scope and Requirements .......................161
5.3.2 Manage Requirements Traceability ..................................161
5.3.3 Maintain Requirements for Reuse ....................................162
5.3.4 Prepare Requirements Package .........................................162
5.3.5 Communicate Requirements ............................................167
5.4 Summary .......................................................................................169
Activity ....................................................................................................169
CBAP Test Questions ..............................................................................169