Design thinking: understand - improve - apply PDF
Preview Design thinking: understand - improve - apply
Understanding Innovation SeriesEditors ChristophMeinel LarryLeifer Forothertitlespublishedinthisseries,goto http://www.springer.com/series/8802 Hasso Plattner • Christoph Meinel • Larry Leifer Editors Design Thinking Understand – Improve – Apply ABC Editors HassoPlattner ChristophMeinel Hasso-Plattner-Institutfu¨r Hasso-Plattner-Institutfu¨r SoftwaresystemtechnikGmbH SoftwaresystemtechnikGmbH Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str.2-3 Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str.2-3 14482Potsdam 14482Potsdam Germany Germany [email protected] [email protected] LarryLeifer CenterforDesignResearch(CDR) StanfordUniversity 424PanamaMall Stanford,CA94305-2232 USA [email protected] ISBN978-3-642-13756-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-13757-0 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-13757-0 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneral descriptive names,registered names,trademarks, etc. inthis publication does not imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Foreword In2005,theHasso-Plattner-InstituteofDesignatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia begantoteachDesignThinkingtoengineeringstudents.Thephilosophybehindthis venturewastheconvictionthatitispossibletotrainengineersandscientiststobe- comeinnovators.DesignThinkinghassincebecomeahighlyrecommendedcourse intheStanfordengineeringcurriculum.ThemethodofDesignThinkingmeldsan end-userfocuswithmultidisciplinarycollaborationanditerativeimprovementand is a powerful tool for achieving desirable, user-friendly, and economically viable designsolutionsandinnovativeproductsandservices.In2007,asecondSchoolof Design Thinking,operatingunder similar premises, was established at the Hasso- Plattner-Institute (HPI) for IT Systems Engineering in Potsdam, Germany. It has been equally successful in attracting students and external partners from indus- try, the public sector, and society,and producinginnovativeproductsand services solutions. My motivation behind initiating the HPI-Stanford Design Thinking Research Program was the desire to understandwhy and how the Design Thinking method works on a scientific basis. Through joint research projects, we try to figure out which factorsultimately contribute to the success of this type of innovationin all areasoflife.Inordertoimplementinnovationprocessesinindustryandthepublic sector,wemuststrivetoimproveourunderstandingofthem. My main interestis to see the Design Thinkingmethod used in IT/engineering andtounderstandhowitinspirescreativemultidisciplinaryteamworkacrossfacul- ties;whetherandhowspatial,time,andculturalboundariescanbeovercome;and how it can be meshed with traditional approachesin the field of engineering. We mightalsobeabletoproposedifferentorganizationalstructuresfordesignteamsin corporations. Ithasalsobeenamysterytomeforalongtimewhythestructureofsuccessful designteamsdifferssosubstantiallyfromtraditionalcorporatestructures. I am delighted and proud to see this transatlantic research cooperation thrive and develop into a potent academic force in the field of innovation research, and I am confident that answers to some of these questions can be found – and to an v vi Foreword extent – have already been found. This volume presents the first comprehensive collectionoftheresearchstudiescarriedoutbytheHPI-StanfordDesignThinking ResearchProgramandisanexcellentstartingpointforthenewSpringerserieson “UnderstandingInnovation.” Potsdam/PaloAlto HassoPlattner May2010 Contents DesignThinkingResearch ....................................................... xiii ChristophMeinelandLarryLeifer PartI DesignThinking inVariousContexts DesignThinking:AFruitfulConceptforITDevelopment? ................. 3 TilmannLindberg,ChristophMeinel,andRalfWagner AUnifiedInnovationProcessModelforEngineeringDesigners andManagers ..................................................................... 19 PhilippSkogstadandLarryLeifer ProductDifferentiationbyAestheticandCreativeDesign: APsychologicalandNeuralFrameworkofDesignThinking................ 45 MartinReimannandOliverSchilke PartII Understanding DesignThinking Re-representation: Affordances of Shared Models inTeam-BasedDesign ............................................................ 61 JonathanEdelmanandRebeccaCurrano The Co-evolution of Theory and Practice in Design Thinking–or–“MindtheOddnessTrap!”.................................... 81 JuliavonThienen,ChristineNoweski,ChristophMeinel, andIngoRauth InnovationandCulture:ExploringtheWorkofDesigners AcrosstheGlobe .................................................................. 101 PamelaHindsandJoachimLyon TheEfficacyofPrototypingUnderTimeConstraints ........................ 111 StevenP.DowandScottR.Klemmer vii viii Contents PartIII ToolsforDesignThinking AnInstrument forReal-TimeDesignInteractionCapture andAnalysis ....................................................................... 131 MatthiasUflacker,ThomasKowark,andAlexanderZeier Tele-Board:EnablingEfficientCollaborationInDigitalDesign SpacesAcrossTimeandDistance............................................... 147 RajaGumienny,ChristophMeinel,LutzGericke, MatthiasQuasthoff,PeterLoBue,andChristianWillems PhysicalityinDistributedDesignCollaboration HowEmbodimentandGestureCanRe-establishRapportand SupportBetterDesign............................................................... 165 DavidSirkin PartIV DesignThinking inInformationTechnology BringingDesignThinkingtoBusinessProcessModeling .................... 181 AlexanderLuebbeandMathiasWeske Agile Software Development in Virtual Collaboration Environments...................................................................... 197 RobertHirschfeld,BastianSteinert,andJensLincke TowardsNextGenerationDesignThinking:Scenario-Based PrototypingforDesigningComplexSoftwareSystemswith MultipleUsers..................................................................... 219 GregorGabrysiak,HolgerGiese,andAndreasSeibel Contributors Currano,Rebecca CenterforDesignResearch,StanfordUniversity,Building 560,424PanamaMall,Stanford,CA94305,USA,[email protected] Dow, Steven P. Human-Computer Interaction Group, Stanford University, GatesComputerScience Building,353Serra Mall, Stanford,CA 94305,USA [email protected] Edelman,Jonathan CenterforDesignResearch,StanfordUniversity,Building 560,424PanamaMall,Stanford,CA94305,USA,[email protected] Gabrysiak,Gregor SystemAnalysisandModelingGroup, Hasso-Plattner-InstituteforITSystemsEngineeringattheUniversity ofPotsdam,Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str.2–3,14482Potsdam,Germany [email protected] Gericke,Lutz Hasso-Plattner-Institute,CampusGriebnitzsee,P.O.Box900460, 14440Potsdam,Germany Giese,Holger SystemAnalysisandModelingGroup,Hasso-Plattner-Institutefor ITSystemsEngineeringattheUniversityofPotsdam,Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str.2–3, 14482Potsdam,Germany,[email protected] Gumienny, Raja Hasso-Plattner-Institute, Campus Griebnitzsee, P.O. Box 900460,14440Potsdam,Germany Hinds, Pamela DepartmentofManagementScience &Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,CA94305–4026,USA,[email protected] Hirschfeld, Robert Software Architecture Group, Hasso-Plattner-Institute, UniversityofPotsdam,14482Potsdam,Germany [email protected] Klemmer,ScottR. Human-ComputerInteractionGroup,StanfordUniversity, GatesComputerScienceBuilding,353SerraMall,Stanford,CA94305,USA Kowark, Thomas Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam, 14482 Potsdam,Germany ix x Contributors Leifer,Larry CenterforDesignResearch,StanfordUniversity,Building560,424 PanamaMall,Stanford,CA94305,USA,[email protected] Lincke,Jens SoftwareArchitectureGroup,Hasso-Plattner-Institute,Universityof Potsdam,14482Potsdam,Germany,[email protected] Lindberg, Tilmann Hasso-Plattner-Institut,PO-Box900460,14440Potsdam, Germany,[email protected] LoBue,Peter Hasso-Plattner-Institute,CampusGriebnitzsee,P.O.Box900460, 14440Potsdam,Germany Luebbe, Alexander Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam, 14482 Potsdam,Germany,[email protected] Lyon, Joachim DepartmentofManagementScience &Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,CA94305–4026,USA,[email protected] Meinel, Christoph Hasso-Plattner-Institute, Campus Griebnitzsee, P.O. Box 900460,14440Potsdam,Germany,[email protected] Noweski, Christine Hasso-Plattner-Institute,CampusGriebnitzsee,P.O. Box 900460,14440Potsdam,Germany Quasthoff,Matthias Hasso-Plattner-Institute,CampusGriebnitzsee,P.O.Box 900460,14440Potsdam,Germany Rauth,Ingo Hasso-Plattner-Institute,CampusGriebnitzsee,P.O.Box900460, 14440Potsdam,Germany Reimann,Martin UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,Departmentof Psychology/Brain & Creativity Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA [email protected] Schilke,Oliver UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,Departmentof Psychology/Brain & Creativity Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA [email protected] Seibel,Andreas SystemAnalysisandModelingGroup,Hasso-Plattner-Institute forITSystemsEngineeringattheUniversityofPotsdam,Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str. 2–3,14482Potsdam,Germany,[email protected] Sirkin,David StanfordUniversity,CenterforDesignResearch,424PanamaMall, Stanford,CA94305,USA,[email protected] Skogstad,Philipp CenterforDesign Research,StanfordUniversity,Building 560,424PanamaMall,Stanford,CA94305,USA,[email protected] Steinert, Bastian Software Architecture Group, Hasso-Plattner-Institute, UniversityofPotsdam,14482Potsdam,Germany [email protected] Thienen, Julia von Hasso-Plattner-Institute,CampusGriebnitzsee, P.O. Box 900460,14440Potsdam,Germany
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