Design of Steel Structures to Eurocodes

627 Pages·2019·25.15 MB·English

by  Ioannis Vayas

Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering
Ioannis Vayas · John Ermopoulos
George Ioannidis
Design
of Steel
Structures to
Eurocodes
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Ioannis Vayas John Ermopoulos
(cid:129)
George Ioannidis
Design of Steel Structures
to Eurocodes
123
Ioannis Vayas George Ioannidis
Schoolof Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens
National Technical University of Athens Athens, Greece
Athens, Greece
JohnErmopoulos
National Technical University of Athens
Athens, Greece
ISSN 2366-259X ISSN 2366-2603 (electronic)
SpringerTracts inCivil Engineering
ISBN978-3-319-95473-8 ISBN978-3-319-95474-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95474-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018962122
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Preface
Buildingscharacterizeurbanareasandarerelatedtothepersonal,socialandprofes-
sionalactivitiesofpeople.Theselectionoftheappropriatematerialsforitsstructural
elements (reinforced concrete, steel, aluminum, wood, masonry), depends on the
characteristics of the building and the design criteria, such as economic, aesthetic,
functional, execution time, as well as the conditions of soil quality and seismicity
oftheconstructionarea.Steel,asamainstructuralmaterial,isusedinallcountries,
inadifferentbycountryextent,dependingonthelocalconditionsandtheexisting
traditionintheconstructionmethods.Steelbuildingsmaybedistinguishedinsingle
andmultistorey.Singlestoreysteelbuildingsaremainlyerectedforindustrial,com-
mercial,warehousingandsportsapplications.Multistoreyconstructionsaremainly
usedforresidentialorofficepurposes.
Thedesignandfabricationofbuildingsareperformedfollowingrulesprovidedin
specificationsandCodes.Duringthelastdecades,anextendedprogramofcommon
CodesforallEuropeancountrieswasdeveloped,calledEurocodes,coveringbothde-
signandfabricationissues,inordertofacilitatemobilityofconstructioncompanies,
design offices and engineers in the area of the European Community and beyond
it. In addition the cooperation between authorities and technical organizations and
personnel,comingfromdifferentcountries,shouldbecomeeasier.
This book presents the rules for the design of steel buildings according to the
aboveEurocodes,coveringthestructureasawhole,aswellasthedesignofindivid-
ualstructuralmembersandconnections.Thepresentationissupplementedbymany
numericalexamples.Specificsectionsofthebookarededicatedtotheconceptualde-
sign,thefabricationanderectionphasesandthequalityrequirements.Rulesforthe
seismicdesign,whenrequired,arealsoincluded.Thetextisorganizedin9chapters.
Chapters1-5dealwiththemethodsofanalysis,thelimitstatesofdesignandthere-
sistancesofcross-sections,membersandconnections,whilechapters6-8arerelated
totheconceptualdesignofsingleandmultistoreybuildingsaswellastothefabri-
cationmethodsandthequalitycontrol.Chapter9includesnumericalapplicationsof
thedesignrulesintheformof52designexamples.
Chapter 1 presents the bases of design, in the frame of Eurocodes, the actions
applied to building structures, the load combinations for the various limit states of
design,aswellasthemainsteelpropertiesandthesteelfabricationmethods.
VI
Chapter2dealswiththemodelsandmethodsofstructuralanalysis,incombina-
tion with thestructural imperfections and the cross-sectionclassification according
totheircompactness.
Chapter 3 discusses the cross-sections resistances, when subjected to axial and
shearforces,bendingortorsionmomentsandtocombinationsoftheabove.
Chapter 4 presents the members design and more specifically the design of
members sensitive to instability phenomena, such as flexural, torsional and lateral-
torsionalbuckling.Aparticularsectionisdevotedtocompositebeams.
Chapter 5 refers to the design of connections and joints executed by bolting or
welding,includingbeamtocolumnconnectionsinframestructures.
Chapter 6 discusses alternative configurations to be considered during the con-
ceptualdesignphaseofdifferenttypesofsinglestoreybuildings.Thedesignofcrane
supportingbeamsisdiscussedinaspecialsection.
Chapter7givesinformationaboutthestructuralelementsandsystemsofmulti
storeybuildings,especiallythoseensuringtheiroverallstabilityalongtheheight,as
wellasaboutthealternativeconfigurationsthatcouldbeapplied.
Chapter8referstothefabricationanderectionprocedures,aswellastherelated
quality requirements and the quality control methods. The procedures for bolting,
weldingandsurfaceprotectionareincluded.
Chapter9presentsfiftytworepresentativenumericalexamples,basedonthede-
signrulesfortheverificationofcross-sectionsandmembers,subjectedtotheusual
types of loading, the verification of bolted and welded connections, as well as for
specific items such as hollow sections’ joints, uniform built-up compression mem-
bers or column bases. The calculation steps are directly related in the text with the
correspondingparagraphsofEurocodes.
Thebookisaddressedtothestructuralengineeringstudents,toyoungengineers
workinginthefieldofdesignorconstructionofsteelbuildings,aswellastoengi-
neersnotfamiliarwiththeregulationsofEurocodes.
Acknowledgments
WewouldliketothankthefollowingPhDstudentsatNTUAforpreparingFigures,
TablesandprovidingTechnicalsupport:StellaAvgerinou,Maria-EleniDasiouand
Zacharias Fasoulakis. We also thank Dr. Kostis Kalochairetis for his comments on
partofthetext.
About the Authors
IoannisVayasisprofessoranddirectoroftheInstituteofSteelStructuresattheNa-
tionalTechnicalUniversityofAthens.Hegraduatedincivilengineeringatthesame
universityandreceivedhisDr.-Ing.fromtheTechnicalUniversityofBraunschweig,
GermanyandhisweldingEngineerspecializationfromSLVHannover,Germany.He
has been involved in research, national and European codification and consultancy
onsteelstructuresforover40years.
JohnErmopoulosisprofessoremeritusandformerdirectoroftheInstituteofSteel
Structures at the National Technical University of Athens. He graduated from the
SchoolofCivilEngineeringandreceivedhisPhDThesisfromthesameuniversity.
He is author of numerous publications in international Journals and Conferences.
He is also author of various technical books. He has been involved in European
research projects and in Technical Committees regarding steel. He was for many
yearsconsultantinvariouspublicandprivatetechnicalprojects.
George J. Ioannidis is professor emeritus of the National Technical University of
Athens (NTUA)-School of Civil Engineering, where he was teaching the courses
of steel structures for many years. He graduated from this School, followed post-
graduatestudiesinAix-MarseilleUniversity(France)andreceivedthePhDgradua-
tionfromNTUA.Heisthestructuraldesignerofnumerousbuildingsandothercivil
engineeringstructuresmadefromsteelorreinforcedconcrete.
Contents
1 BasisofDesign................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction .............................................. 1
1.2 CodesandSpecifications ................................... 4
1.3 Actions ................................................. 6
1.3.1 PermanentactionsG............................... 7
1.3.2 ImposedloadsonbuildingsQ ....................... 8
1.3.3 SnowloadsS ..................................... 9
1.3.4 WindloadsW .................................... 9
1.3.5 TemperaturevariationsT ........................... 11
1.3.6 AccidentalactionsA............................... 11
1.3.7 SeismicactionsA ................................ 11
E
1.4 LimitStatesandcombinationsofactions...................... 12
1.4.1 General.......................................... 12
1.4.2 UltimateLimitStates(ULS) ........................ 14
1.4.3 ServiceabilityLimitStates(SLS) .................... 15
1.5 Propertiesofsteel ......................................... 16
1.5.1 General.......................................... 16
1.5.2 Mechanicalpropertiesofsteel ....................... 17
1.5.3 Microstructureofsteel ............................. 20
1.5.4 Makingofsteelandsteelproducts ................... 21
1.5.5 Structuralsteelgrades.............................. 25
References..................................................... 29
2 Modelsandmethodsofanalysis ................................. 31
2.1 Introduction .............................................. 31
2.2 Modelsforsteelbuildingsandothertypesofsteelstructures ..... 32
2.3 Modelsforcompositebuildings ............................. 35
2.4 Sub-modelsforstructuralpartsorelements.................... 37
2.5 Modelsforlocalanalysis ................................... 37
2.6 Methodsofanalysis–General .............................. 38
2.6.1 Linearanalysis(LA)............................... 39
2.6.2 Linearbucklinganalysis(LBA)...................... 39
X Contents
2.6.3 Materiallynon-linearanalysis(MNA) ................ 39
2.6.4 Geometricallynon-linearelasticanalysis(GNA) ....... 40
2.6.5 Geometricallyandmateriallynon-linearanalysis(GMNA) 40
2.6.6 Geometrically non-linear elastic analysis with
imperfections(GNIA).............................. 41
2.6.7 Geometricallyandmateriallynon-linearanalysiswith
imperfections(GMNIA)............................ 41
2.7 Linearanalysis(LA)....................................... 41
2.8 Linearbucklinganalysis(LBA).............................. 44
2.9 Materiallynon-linearanalysis(MNA) ........................ 50
2.9.1 Non-linearcross-sectionbehavior.................... 50
2.9.2 Collapseloads .................................... 52
2.9.3 Cross-sectionclassification ......................... 54
2.9.4 Cross-sectionmodelsfordeformationcontrolledanalyses 57
2.10 Geometricallynon-linearanalysis(GNA) ..................... 57
2.10.1 Kinematicrelations................................ 57
2.10.2 Analyticalsolutions ............................... 58
2.10.3 Numericalsolutions–Rayleigh/Ritzmethod........... 58
2.10.4 MagnificationfactorsforP−Δ andP−δ effects....... 60
2.11 Geometricallyandmateriallynon-linearanalysis(GMNA)....... 63
2.12 Non-linearanalyseswithimperfections(GNIA,GMNIA)........ 64
2.13 Imperfectionsinbuildings .................................. 66
2.14 GlobalanalysisanddesignforbuildingframestoEurocode3 .... 72
References..................................................... 73
3 Cross-sectiondesign ........................................... 75
3.1 General.................................................. 75
3.2 Tension.................................................. 76
3.3 Compression ............................................. 80
3.4 Bending ................................................. 81
3.5 Shearforce............................................... 82
3.6 Torsion ................................................. 86
3.6.1 General.......................................... 86
3.6.2 Elasticdesignfortorsion ........................... 90
3.6.3 Plasticdesignfortorsion ........................... 92
3.7 Combinationofinternalforcesandmomentsforelasticdesign.... 93
3.8 Combinationofinternalforcesandmomentsforplasticdesign ... 94
3.8.1 CombinationN−Mforrectangularcross-sections...... 94
3.8.2 CombinationN−M −M foradoublysymmetricalI
y z
cross-sections..................................... 95
3.8.3 CombinationN−M −M forhollowsections ......... 103
y z
3.8.4 CombinationN−M −M forcircularhollowsections .. 107
y z
3.8.5 CombinationN−M −M forequalleganglesections .. 107
y z
3.8.6 Linearinteractionforalltypesofcross-sections ........ 111
3.8.7 Influenceofshearforces............................ 111
References..................................................... 112