Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5

214 Pages·2016·4.03 MB·English

Developer’s Guide PUBLIC
SAP Process Object Builder
Document Version: 1.0.1 – 2016-05-30
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types
using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5 PUBLIC
Typographic Conventions © 2016 SAP SE. All rights reserved. 2
Typographic Conventions
Type Style Description
Example Words or characters quoted from the screen. These include field names, screen titles,
pushbuttons labels, menu names, menu paths, and menu options.
Textual cross-references to other documents.
Example Emphasized words or expressions.
EXAMPLE Technical names of system objects. These include report names, program names,
transaction codes, table names, and key concepts of a programming language when they
are surrounded by body text, for example, SELECT and INCLUDE.
Example Output on the screen. This includes file and directory names and their paths, messages,
names of variables and parameters, source text, and names of installation, upgrade and
database tools.
Example Exact user entry. These are words or characters that you enter in the system exactly as
they appear in the documentation.
<Example> Variable user entry. Angle brackets indicate that you replace these words and characters
with appropriate entries to make entries in the system.
EXAMPLE Keys on the keyboard, for example,F2 orENTER.
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5 PUBLIC
Typographic Conventions © 2016 SAP SE. All rights reserved. 3
Modeling Conventions and Generated Artifact
Names
This guide uses diagrams in accordance with several standard modeling techniques in order to explain the
various architecture and design concepts.
The following modeling conventions are used in the guide:
SAP SOA Modeling Methodology is used for models in the SOA context.
UML2.0is pre-dominantly used as the methodology for detailed artifact modeling.
Sometimes SAP Block Diagrams are used to explain high-level concepts. (TAM Standard – a SAP Block
Diagram broadly corresponds to Composite Structure Diagram in UML.)
<<Hugo>> indicates thatHugo is a stereotype of an artifact.
<HUGO> indicates thatHUGO is a placeholder for the name of an artifact.
<MLB> is the generic placeholder for the abbreviated name of a POT.
During generation of a POT,<MLB> is derived with the following concatenation rule:[/$ABAPNameSpace$/]
+ [$ABAPArtifactPrefix$] + [$ABAPAbbrev$]
· $ABAPNameSpace$ = ABAP Namespace
· $ABAPArtifactPrefix$ = A standardized prefix for ABAP artifacts wherever applicable (for
exampleCL_ for ABAP class; no prefix for DDIC type and so on)
· $ABAPAbbrev$ = the concatenation of the ABAP Abbreviation (Specification Wizard Step Define
ABAP Environment) and the POT ABAP short name (Specification Wizard Step Enter ABAP Short
Names) separated by underscore and the POT version.
For the sample scenario of this developer guide, this means:
· $ABAPNameSpace$ = /PL9/
· $ABAPAbbrev$ = GXX_FB01
Therefore:
<MLB> = /PL9/GXX_FB01 for DDIC type name
<MLB> = /PL9/CL_GXX_FB01 for ABAP Class name and so on
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5 PUBLIC
Modeling Conventions and Generated Artifact Names © 2016 SAP SE. All rights reserved. 4
Document History
Version Date Change
1.0 2015-09-01 Initial Version
1.0.1 2016-05-30 Handling of Process Log corrected (7.1.3.3, 7.1.3.4)
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5 PUBLIC
Document History © 2016 SAP SE. All rights reserved. 5
Table of Contents
1 Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Target Audience ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
1.3 References............................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.4 Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................................................ 11
2 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.1 Context ................................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Structure of this Guide .......................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3 System Prerequisites for POB and POT .............................................................................................................. 15
2.3.1 General Prerequisites ........................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.2 Prerequisites for Back-End Services ................................................................................................... 16
2.4 Deployment Options and POT Shipment ............................................................................................................ 17
2.5 Sample Business Process: Travel Booking ......................................................................................................... 17
2.6 How to Read this Document? ............................................................................................................................... 18
3 POT Definition .......................................................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Model-Driven Software Development (MDSD) ................................................................................................... 21
3.1.1 Versioning of a POT ...............................................................................................................................22
3.2 Identification of a POT ...........................................................................................................................................22
3.2.1 Process Definition .................................................................................................................................22
3.2.2 Investigation of Back-End Business Objects and Services ...............................................................25
3.3 Modeling a POT ......................................................................................................................................................25
3.3.1 POT Modeling using SAP SOA Methodology ......................................................................................25
3.3.2 POT Object Model ................................................................................................................................ 28
3.3.3 ‘Beautified View’ Concept.................................................................................................................... 29
3.3.4 POT Object Model Template ............................................................................................................... 30
3.3.5 Predefined Nodes ..................................................................................................................................33
3.3.6 POT Object Model in ESR .....................................................................................................................35
3.3.7 Separation of Modeling and Productive Entities ................................................................................ 37
4 POT Programming Model ........................................................................................................................ 39
4.1 Basic Principles ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
4.1.1 Separation of Concerns: Process vs. Business Logic ....................................................................... 39
4.1.2 Pattern for Process Flow ..................................................................................................................... 39
4.1.3 Multiple Consumption Options ........................................................................................................... 40
4.2 Phase Model .......................................................................................................................................................... 40
4.3 Status Model .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
4.4 Status Transitions................................................................................................................................................. 42
4.5 Phase Implementation ......................................................................................................................................... 44
4.5.1 Create Phase......................................................................................................................................... 44
4.5.2 Check Phase ......................................................................................................................................... 46
4.5.3 Execute Phase ....................................................................................................................................... 47
4.5.4 Node Dependencies ............................................................................................................................. 50
4.5.5 Cross-references. .................................................................................................................................. 51
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5 PUBLIC
Table of Contents © 2016 SAP SE. All rights reserved. 6
5 POT High-Level Design ............................................................................................................................ 53
5.1 Block Diagram ........................................................................................................................................................53
5.1.1 ESR Content.......................................................................................................................................... 54
5.1.2 POT (ABAP Artifacts)............................................................................................................................55
5.1.3 Editing UIs ..............................................................................................................................................55
5.1.4 BPM Content..........................................................................................................................................55
5.1.5 Back-End Services ................................................................................................................................55
5.2 Package Structure ................................................................................................................................................ 56
5.2.1 POT Core ................................................................................................................................................ 57
5.2.2 POT Editing UI ....................................................................................................................................... 58
5.2.3 Package Encapsulation ........................................................................................................................ 59
5.3 POT Design & Specification Checklist ................................................................................................................ 59
6 POT Detailed Design ................................................................................................................................ 65
6.1 Layer Concept ....................................................................................................................................................... 66
6.2 Application Logic Layer ......................................................................................................................................... 67
6.2.1 API Design ............................................................................................................................................. 68
6.2.2 Database Tables ................................................................................................................................... 70
6.2.3 API for BPO ............................................................................................................................................ 71
6.2.4 API for BPON ......................................................................................................................................... 72
6.2.5 Version API............................................................................................................................................. 73
6.2.6 Message Persistence ............................................................................................................................ 73
6.2.7 Phase Handling ...................................................................................................................................... 74
6.3 Service Implementation Layers. .......................................................................................................................... 84
6.3.1 Inbound Services .................................................................................................................................. 85
6.3.2 Outbound Services ................................................................................................................................ 91
6.4 UI Layer .................................................................................................................................................................. 95
6.4.1 Screen Structure of the Editing UI ....................................................................................................... 97
6.4.2 Actions on the Editing UI ................................................................................................................... 100
6.4.3 Technical Structure of the Editing UI................................................................................................. 102
6.4.4 Technical Behavior of the Editing UI .................................................................................................. 104
6.4.5 Data Buffering in the Model ................................................................................................................ 110
6.5 General Concepts .................................................................................................................................................112
6.5.1 Transaction Control .............................................................................................................................112
6.5.2 Exceptions and Message Classes ...................................................................................................... 113
6.5.3 Instance Management ........................................................................................................................ 114
6.5.4 Status Handling ................................................................................................................................... 114
6.5.5 Event Handling ...................................................................................................................................... 117
6.5.6 Cross-Reference Handling ................................................................................................................. 118
6.5.7 Process Monitoring & Analytics ......................................................................................................... 120
6.5.8 Archiving .............................................................................................................................................. 122
7 POT Implementation .............................................................................................................................. 128
7.1 Custom Phase Implementation .......................................................................................................................... 128
7.1.1 Conventions and Disclaimers ............................................................................................................. 128
7.1.2 Goals of Phase Implementation ......................................................................................................... 129
7.1.3 Basic Principles of Phase Implementation........................................................................................ 129
7.1.4 Helpers for Phase Implementation .................................................................................................... 136
7.1.5 Create phase – Custom Implementation .......................................................................................... 140
7.1.6 Check Phase – Custom Implementation .......................................................................................... 147
7.1.7 Execute Phase – Custom Implementation ....................................................................................... 157
7.2 Implementing Archiving Extensions................................................................................................................... 169
7.2.1 Additional Selection Criteria for Archiving Write Program .............................................................. 169
7.2.2 Additional Archivability Checks ......................................................................................................... 170
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5 PUBLIC
Table of Contents © 2016 SAP SE. All rights reserved. 7
7.2.3 Data Mapping for Archive Search ...................................................................................................... 170
7.2.4 Condition Fields for ILM Rules............................................................................................................. 171
7.3 Implementing Additional Authorization Checks ............................................................................................... 172
7.4 Internal Types ...................................................................................................................................................... 173
8 Implementation and Extension of the Editing UI ...................................................................................... 175
8.1 Extending the Search Functionality ................................................................................................................... 175
8.1.1 Adding Additional Search Criteria ..................................................................................................... 176
8.1.2 Adding Fields to the Search Result .................................................................................................... 177
8.2 Implementing Main and Subpages ..................................................................................................................... 178
8.2.1 Goals of the Implementation of Main and Subpages ....................................................................... 178
8.2.2 Phase Model for Processing Main and Subpages ............................................................................ 179
8.2.3 Basic Principles ................................................................................................................................... 180
8.2.4 Tools and Helpers ................................................................................................................................ 183
8.2.5 Custom Feeder Class Implementation – Basics .............................................................................. 188
8.2.6 Custom Feeder Class Implementation – Advanced Features ........................................................ 193
8.2.7 Custom Application Controller Implementation ............................................................................. 200
8.2.8 Custom Implementation of Navigation and Data Creation ............................................................ 203
Terms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 209
Table of Figures ..................................................................................................................................................210
Table of Tables ................................................................................................................................................... 213
Table of Listings .................................................................................................................................................214
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5 PUBLIC
Table of Contents © 2016 SAP SE. All rights reserved. 8
1 Preface
This document is primarily intended for developers who want to create process object types (POTs, also
known as process objects) using SAP Process Object Builder. These developers are called POT developers.
The guide aims to describe the capabilities of SAP Process Object Builder (POB) and all the aspects that
should be considered in order to successfully design and develop process objects. It also provides
recommendations and how-tos for leveraging the various features of POB.
1.1 Target Audience
We assume that the following software development roles are involved in a POT implementation project:
· Developers
especially in the area of service implementation and POT implementation
· Development Architects
especially architects responsible for designing the process object type cut and also for related software
logistics like software component cut, package structure, namespace definitions etc.
· Integration Experts / Integration Architects
responsible for enterprise services governance and all other aspects related to cross-component
integration
· Implementation consultants
with primary experience of ABAP / PI implementations, responsible for POT implementation in partner
and customer implementation projects
As the development of process object types involves many aspects related to SAP enterprise services (web
services with semantics and governance of SAP), process integration and process orchestration, it is expected
and desirable that the roles mentioned above also have a general experience in the areas of process
integration (SAP PI) and process orchestration (SAP BPM).
The following section provides a detailed list of knowledge pre-requisites.
1.2 Prerequisites
The target audience described in the previous section should have knowledge in the development-related
topics listed in the table below. The table is sorted according to whether knowledge about a given topic is
classified as "Mandatory", "Highly Recommended" or "Recommended".
Topic Know-how Comment
Requirement
ABAP Objects Mandatory The ABAP artifacts generated for a POT are primarily in
ABAP Objects. Know-how on the topic is required to gain a
basic understanding of how the generated coding handles
specific requirements.
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5 PUBLIC
Preface © 2016 SAP SE. All rights reserved. 9
Topic Know-how Comment
Requirement
SAP Process Object Builder Mandatory The Installation Guide, Administrator’s Guide and the
Product Documentation application help for SAP POB provide detailed information
about system prerequisites and the tools that are used as
well as information about POT modeling concepts and the
POB wizards for creating a POT.
Floor Plan Manager (FPM) Mandatory When POTs run into exceptional situations at runtime,
for Web Dynpro ABAP editing UIs are required to modify the data of the process
(WDA) object and re-trigger the execution. These editing UIs are
also generated by POB based on some basic definitions of
which data needs to be part of which screen.
The generation of editing UIs is based on FPM and the UIs
themselves are generated as Web Dynpro ABAP
applications.
SAP Enhancement Concept Mandatory POB generates BAdIs for custom enhancements, if specified
(BAdIs) to do so.
SAP XI / PI Design time (PI Mandatory POB uses the Enterprise Services Repository (ESR, also
Integration Builder) known as Integration Builder in SAP NetWeaver™ PI/XI) as
the modeling environment at design time. Some steps in the
POT generation with POB involve manual tasks in ESR, like
copying data types and activating the resulting change lists
and so on. POB also generates all remote interfaces of a
POT into ESR.
SAP XI / PI Configuration Mandatory At configuration time, the consumer proxies for the service
time (PI Integration interfaces of a POT must be configured against the
Directory and SOA corresponding back-end provider services. To do so, either
Manager) a SOA Manager-based configuration or an XI/PI
configuration (also known as Integration Directory) can be
used.
Testing Environment for Mandatory Enterprise services have a separate test environment. In
SOA services (SPROXY, WS addition to SAP tools, some external tools (for example
Navigator, etc.) soapUI) might also be used. Basic working knowledge with
the chosen test tool is required.
Services Test Automation Highly Automated service tests facilitate faster testing processes
recommended and also a more comprehensive bug identification.
SAP BPM Highly The business processes implemented by POTs are often
recommended automated using a Business Process Management (BPM)
tool is required.
Object-Oriented Design Highly Some of the generated ABAP classes and interfaces also rely
Patterns recommended on and follow well-known design patterns like Singleton,
Façade and Adapter.
SAP SOA Modeling Highly Modeling and implementation of a POT follows the SAP SOA
Methodology recommended Modeling Methodology, especiallybusiness object modeling,
service operation design andglobal data types design.
Design & Implementation of Process Object Types using SAP Process Object Builder 1.0 SP5 PUBLIC
Preface © 2016 SAP SE. All rights reserved. 10