Design and Construction of Driven Pile Foundations Volume I

559 Pages·2016·52.82 MB·English

U.S. Department of Transportation Publication No. FHWA-NHI-16-009
Federal Highway Administration FHWA GEC 012 – Volume I
July 2016
NHI Courses No. 132021 and 132022

Design and Construction of
Driven Pile Foundations – Volume I
Developed following:
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 7th Edition, 2014,with 2015 Interim.
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, 3rd Edition, 2010, with ‘11, ‘12, ’13, ‘14, and ‘15
Interims.

NOTICE
The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts
and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect policy of
the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or
regulation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade
or manufacturers′ names appear herein only to illustrate methods and procedures, and are
considered essential to the objective of this document.

Technical Report Documentation Page
1. REPORT NO. 2. GOVERNMENT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NO.
FHWA-NHI-16-009

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE
Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 12 – Volume I July 2016
Design and Construction of Driven Pile Foundations 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE

7. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
Patrick J. Hannigan, PE, Frank Rausche, PhD, PE, REPORT NO.
Garland E. Likins, PE, Brent R. Robinson, PhD, PE, and
Matthew L. Becker, EI.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NO.
Ryan R. Berg & Associates, Inc.
11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO.
2190 Leyland Alcove
DTFH61-11-D-00049
Woodbury, MN 55125
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD
National Highway Institute COVERED

U.S. Department of Transportation
Final Report
Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC 20590
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
FHWA COTR: Heather Shelsta
FHWA Technical Working Group: Naser Abu-Hejlah, PhD, PE; Scott Anderson, PE; and
Silas Nichols, PE
16. ABSTRACT

This document presents information on the analysis, design, and construction of driven
pile foundations for highway structures. This document updates and replaces FHWA
NHI-05-042 and FHWA NHI-05-043 as the primary FHWA guidance and reference
document on driven pile foundations. The manual addresses design aspects including
subsurface exploration, laboratory testing, pile selection, aspects of geotechnical and
structural limit states, as well as technical specifications. Construction aspects including
static load tests, dynamic tests, rapid load tests, wave equation analyses, dynamic
formulas and development of driving criteria, as well as pile driving equipment, pile
driving accessories, and monitoring of pile installation inspection are also covered. Step
by step procedures are included for most analysis procedures and design examples.
17. KEY WORDS 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Driven pile foundations, foundation economics, site No restrictions.
characterization, geomaterial properties, axial compression
resistance, axial tension resistance, lateral resistance, pile
groups, specifications, nominal resistance determination
tests, construction monitoring and quality assurance.
19. SECURITY CLASSIF. 20. SECURITY CLASSIF. 21. NO. OF PAGES 22. PRICE
Unclassified Unclassified 517

CONVERSION FACTORS
Approximate Conversions to SI Units Approximate Conversions from SI Units
When You Know Multiply By To Find When You Know Multiply By To Find
(a) Length
inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) millimeter (mm) 0.039 inch (in.)
foot (ft) 0.305 meter (m) meter (m) 3.28 foot (ft)
yard (yd) 0.914 meter (m) meter (m) 1.09 yard (yd)
mile (mi) 1.61 kilometer (km) kilometer (km) 0.621 mile (mi)
(b) Area
square inches (in2) 645.2 square millimeters (mm2) square millimeters (mm2) 0.0016 square inches (in2)
square feet (ft2) 0.093 square meters (m2) square meters (m2) 10.764 square feet (ft2)
Acres (ac) 0.405 hectares (ha) hectares (ha) 2.47 Acres (ac)
square miles (mi2) 2.59 square kilometers (km2) square kilometers (km2) 0.386 square miles (mi2)
square inches (in2) 645.2 square millimeters (mm2) square millimeters (mm2) 0.0016 square inches (in2)
(c) Volume
fluid ounces (oz) 29.57 milliliters (mL) milliliters (mL) 0.034 fluid ounces (oz)
Gallons (gal) 3.785 liters (L) liters (L) 0.264 Gallons (gal)
cubic feet (ft3) 0.028 cubic meters (m3) cubic meters (m3) 35.32 cubic feet (ft3)
cubic yards (yd3) 0.765 cubic meters (m3) cubic meters (m3) 1.308 cubic yards (yd3)
(d) Mass
ounces (oz) 28.35 grams (g) grams (g) 0.035 ounces
pounds (lb) 0.454 kilograms (kg) kilograms (kg) 2.205 pounds
short tons (2000 lb) (T) 0.907 megagrams (tonne) (Mg) megagrams (tonne) (Mg) 1.102 short tons (2000 lb)
(e) Force
pound (lb) 4.448 Newton (N) Newton (N) 0.2248 pound (lb)
(f) Pressure, Stress, Modulus of Elasticity
pounds per square foot (psf) 47.88 Pascals (Pa) Pascals (Pa) 0.021 pounds per square foot (psf)
pounds per square inch (psi) 6.895 kiloPascals (kPa) kiloPascals (kPa) 0.145 pounds per square inch (psi)
(g) Density
kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic meter
pounds per cubic foot (pcf) 16.019 0.0624 pounds per cubic feet (pcf)
(kgm3) (kgm3)
(h) Temperature
Fahrenheit temperature (oF) 5/9(oF- 32) Celsius temperature (oC) Celsius temperature (oC) 9/5(oC)+ 32 Fahrenheit temperature (oF)
Notes:
A compliant version can be found here: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/convtabl.cfm
1) The primary metric (SI) units used in civil engineering are meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), Newton (N), and Pascal (Pa=N/m2).
2) In a "soft" conversion, an English measurement is mathematically converted to its exact metric equivalent.
3) In a "hard" conversion, a new rounded metric number is created that is convenient to work with and remember.

PREFACE
The purpose of this manual is to provide updated, state-of-the-practice information
for the design and construction of driven pile foundations in accordance with the
Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) platform. Engineers and contractors
have been designing and installing pile foundations for many years. During the past
three decades, the industry has experienced several major improvements including
newer and more accurate methods of predicting and measuring geotechnical
resistance, vast improvements in design software, highly specialized and
sophisticated equipment for pile driving, and improved methods of construction
control. Previous editions of the FHWA Design and Construction of Driven Pile
Foundations manual were published 1985, 1996, and 2006 and chronicle the many
changes in design and construction practice over the past 30 years. This two
volume edition, GEC-12, serves as the FHWA reference document for highway
projects involving driven pile foundations.
Volume I, FHWA-NHI-16-009, covers the foundation selection process, site
characterization, geotechnical design parameters and reporting, selection of pile
type, geotechnical aspects of limit state design, and structural aspects of limits state
design. Volume II, FHWA-NHI-16-010, addresses static load tests, dynamic testing
and signal matching, rapid load testing, wave equation analysis, dynamic formulas,
contract documents, pile driving equipment, pile accessories, driving criteria, and
construction monitoring. Comprehensive design examples are presented in
publication FHWA-NHI-16-064.
Throughout this manual, numerous references will be made to the names of
software or technology that are proprietary to a specific manufacturer or vendor.
Please note that the FHWA does not endorse or approve commercially available
products, and is very sensitive to the perceptions of endorsement or preferred
approval of commercially available products used in transportation applications. Our
goal with this development is to provide recommended technical guidance for the
safe design and construction of driven pile foundations that reflects the current state
of practice and provides information on advances and innovations in the industry.
To accomplish this, it is necessary to illustrate methods and procedures for design
and construction of driven pile foundations. Where proprietary products are
described in text or figures, it is only for this purpose.
The primary audience for this document is: agency and consulting engineers
specialized in geotechnical and structural design of highway structures; engineering
geologists and consulting engineers providing technical reviews, or who are
engaged in the design, procurement, and construction of driven pile foundations
This document is also intended for management, specification and contracting
specialists, as well as for construction engineers interested in design and contracting
aspects of driven pile systems.
This document draws material from the three earlier FHWA publications in this field;
FHWA-DP-66-1 by Vanikar (1985), FHWA HI 97-013 and FHWA HI 97-014 by
Hannigan et al. (1998), and FHWA NHI-05-042 and FHWA NHI-05-043 by Hannigan
et al. (2006). Photographs without specific acknowledgement in this two volume
document are from these previous editions, their associated training courses, or
from the consulting practice of GRL Engineers, Inc.
The following individuals were part of the Ryan R. Berg & Associates internal peer
review team and are acknowledged for their technical advice and contributions to
this version of the document:
Mr. Jerry DiMaggio – Applied Research Associates, Inc.
Mr. Van E. Komurka – Wagner Komurka Geotechnical Group, Inc.
Mr. Billy Camp – S&ME, Inc.
Dr. Brian Anderson – Auburn University