Deja Review USMLE Step 2 CK , Second Edition PDF
Preview Deja Review USMLE Step 2 CK , Second Edition
TM DEJA REVIEW USMLE Step 2 CK NOTICE Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. TM DEJA REVIEW USMLE Step 2 CK Second Edition John H. Naheedy, MD Fellow, Pediatric Radiology Department of Radiology Children’s Hospital Boston Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Daniel A. Orringer, MD Chief Resident Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan Khashayar Mohebali, MD Chief Resident, Clinical Instructor Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California Peter F. Aziz, MD Fellow-Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Susie Lim, MD Clinical Instructor Obstetrics and Gynecology Kaiser Permanente Northwest Portland, Oregon Copyright © 2010, 2006 by John H. Naheedy, Daniel A. Orringer, Khashayar Mohebali, Peter F. Aziz, and Susie Lim. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-163941-5 MHID: 0-07-163941-1 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-162716-0, MHID: 0-07-162716-2. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected]. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. 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McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting there from. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. To my family and friends, for their love and encouragement; and to my parents, for being an example of everything I want to be. —John To Megan, the true author in the family. —Dan To my parents for dedicating and sacrificing their lives to make mine better and to my friends for their invaluable loyalty. —Khashi To my family, for teaching me that the love of medicine can be genetically inherited; and to the bunker, the sand trap of my closest friends, thanks for the inspiration. —Pete To Michael, Oliver and Soë —Susie Contents Contributors Reviewers Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 INTERNAL MEDICINE Cardiology Pulmonary Infectious Diseases Gastroenterology Renal/Genitourinary Endocrine Hematology/Oncology Rheumatology/Musculoskeletal Dermatology Preventative Medicine, Ethics, and Biostatistics Chapter 2 SURGERY Trauma General Surgery Vascular Surgery Orthopedics Abdominal Pain Make the Diagnosis Chapter 3 NEUROLOGY Headache Seizures Cerebral Vasculature Intracranial Hemorrhage Brain Tumors CNS Infections Cognitive Disorders Movement Disorders Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, and other Demyelinating Diseases Vertigo Neuromuscular Disease Ophthalmology Syncope Peripheral Neuropathy Localize the Lesion Make the Diagnosis CHAPTER 4 PSYCHIATRY Mood Disorders Suicide and Violence Psychotic Disorders Anxiety Disorders Somatoform Disorders Eating Disorders Substance Abuse Childhood Disorders Personality Disorders Miscellaneous Psychiatric Disorders Psychopharmacology Make the Diagnosis Chapter 5 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Obstetrics Antepartum Intrapartum Postpartum Gynecology Gynecology Oncology Reproductive Endocrinology Urogynecology Make the Diagnosis Chapter 6 PEDIATRICS Genetic Defects Congenital Heart Disease Development Immunodefiency Syndromes Child Abuse Neonatology Infectious Disease Nephrology Gastroenterology Endocrinology Hematology Pulmonology Oncology Rheumatology Neurology Miscellaneous Make the Diagnosis Chapter 7 EMERGENCY MEDICINE Trauma Toxicology Environmental Emergencies Make the Diagnosis Appendix ABBREVIATIONS Index Contributors Karla Fredricks, MD Resident Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter: Pediatrics Emily Y. Fukuchi, MD Resident Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California Chapters: Internal Medicine, Surgery Karen A. Kinnaman, MD University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan Class of 2009 Chapter: Emergency Medicine Vijay Pottathil, MD Resident Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Chapter: Internal Medicine Jayson Sack, MD Resident Department of Neurosurgery University of South Florida Tampa, Florida Chapters: Neurology, Psychiatry Miguel Trujillo, MD Resident Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oregon Health and Science University Portland, Oregon Chapter: Obstetrics and Gynecology Reviewers Jessica Bury, MPH Medical Student Mayo Clinical College of Medicine Class of 2010 Tina Nguyen, MD Resident, Emergency Medicine Harbor UCLA Medical Center University of California Los Angeles SUNY Upstate Medical University Class of 2008 Preface Déjà Review™ USMLE Step 2 CK has been scrutinized and edited to produce a second edition that is even higher yield and easier to use than the first. Outstanding medical students, who have recently taken Step 2, revised the original text to ensure the material covered herein is complete and current. The authors, now with a combined 30 years of experience in the medical field, have also edited the manuscript to emphasize the clinical relevance of the core concepts covered in Step 2. We are confident that our efforts have produced one of the most useful guides for Step 2 review available today. Step 2 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) tests the senior medical student’s ability to apply the basic principles of clinical medicine. However, before you can apply those principles, you must be able to rapidly recall a core body of essential facts. This is why the Déjà Review series is the most efficient, well-organized, portable, and above all, high-yield resource to prepare students for the USMLE. As recent graduates who have taken Step 2, we are confident that we have compiled a novel review guide that promotes rapid recall of all of the essential facts necessary for success on this examination. We also realize that a solid foundation in these principles will allow you to make a smooth transition into your residency. ORGANIZATION All concepts are presented in a question and answer format that covers the key facts on hundreds of common and uncommon diseases. The material is divided into chapters covering the six major divisions of clinical medicine: internal medicine, surgery, neuroscience, psychiatry, OB/GYN, and pediatrics. We have also included a brief emergency medicine chapter that addresses topics not covered under emergent conditions in each of the other chapters. This question and answer format has several important advantages: • It provides a rapid, straightforward way for you to assess your strengths and weaknesses. • It allows you to efficiently review and commit to memory a large body of information. • It will prepare you for getting “pimped” by residents and attendings on the wards. • It offers you a break from tedious, convoluted multiple-choice questions. • The clinical vignettes will expose you to the prototypic presentation of diseases classically tested on the USMLE Step 2. • It serves as a quick, last-minute review of high-yield facts. The compact, condensed design of the book is conducive to studying on the go, especially during any downtime on the wards. HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Remember, this text is not intended to replace textbooks, course packs, or lectures. It is, however, intended to serve as a supplement to your studies during the third and fourth years of medical school. This text has been sampled and refined by a number of medical students who found it to be an essential part of their preparation for the USMLE shelf examinations, in addition to Step 2 itself. We recommend having the text spiral bound to make it more portable and easier to use. Begin using this book early in your third year by carrying it with you during your clinical clerkships. You may cover up the
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