Deep Mapping the Literary Lake District: A Geographical Text Analysis

290 Pages·2022·17.492 MB·English

by  Joanna E. Taylor, Ian N. Gregory

Deep Mapping the Literary
Lake District
•
Aperçus: Histories Texts Cultures
Editor
Kat Lecky
Loyola University Chicago
Aperçus is a series of books exploring the connections among historiography, cul-
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Recent titles in the Aperçus series:
Deep Mapping the Literary Lake District: A Geographical Text Analysis
Joanna E. Taylor and Ian N. Gregory
Oriental Networks: Culture, Commerce, and Communication in the Long Eighteenth
Century
Greg Clingham and Bärbel Czennia, eds. 
Writing Lives in the Eighteenth Century
Tanya Caldwell, ed.
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Deep Mapping the
Literary Lake District
•
A Geographical Text Analy sis
Joanna E. Taylor
Ian N. Gregory
lewisburg, pennsylvania
Cataloging-in-Publication data is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-1-68448-376-1 cloth
ISBN 978-1-68448-375-4 paper
ISBN 978-1-68448-377-8 epub
LCCN 2021038288
A British Cataloging- in- Publication rec ord for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2022 by Joanna E. Taylor and Ian N. Gregory
All rights reserved
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Contents
Figures vii
Tables xi
Note on the Data x iii
1 Deep Mapping and the Corpus of Lake District
Writing 1
The Distant Reader and the Close: Toward
Multiscalar Analy sis 3
The Corpus of Lake District Writing 7
Corpus Linguistics and Geographical Information
Science 1 0
Geo graph ic al Text Analy sis 16
Deep Mapping as Literary Practice 24
2 Picturesque Technologies and the Digital
Humanities 29
Specifying in General: Deep Mapping and the
Gilpinian Picturesque 3 2
The Picturesque in the CLDW 34
Protest against the Wrong: The Prob lem with
Picturesque Data 45
Virtual Playgrounds in Text and on Screen 5 1
3 Tourists, Travelers, Inhabitants: Variant Digital
Literary Geographies 58
The “Discovery” of the Lake District 60
Keep Moving: Tourism in the Lakes 6 1
Proceeding at Leisure: Traveling in the Lake
District 70
Away from the Show Place: The Inhabitants’
Lakeland 77
v
vi Contents
4 Walking in the Literary Lakes 1 00
Types of Lake District Walking 1 04
Walking along a Good Road: Taking a Lakeland
Excursion 107
“Linger Th ere a Breathing While”: Being a Pedestrian
in the Lakes 1 25
5 Seeing Sound: Mapping the Lake District’s
Soundscape 141
The Power of Sound, Noise, and Silence 1 44
Wordsworthian Listening 150
How the W ater Comes Down: Listening
to Waterfalls 1 55
The “Most Expensive Luxuries”: Cannon- Fire
and En glish Echoes 1 65
6 Digital Cartographies and Personal
Geographies: (Re-)Mapping Scafell 178
Mapping Scafell 180
Climbing Scafell 1 93
The View from the Top 2 04
Conclusion: The Future of Deep Mapping 213
Appendix: The Corpus of Lake District Writing 2 19
Acknowl edgments 223
Notes 2 25
Bibliography 245
Index 267
Figures
1.1 The basic geography of the Lake District. 8
1.2 A GIS data model based on a hy po thet i cal example of places
named in texts about the Lake District. 12
1.3 Examples of the four types of spatial data representing features
in and around the Lake District. 13
1.4 Simplified example of geoparsing: a text fragment from William
Wilberforce’s Journey to the Lake District from Cambridge. 17
1.5 Simplified repre sen ta tion of a text suitable for reading into a GIS. 19
1.6 Proportion symbol map showing the locations
of “Words worth” PNCs. 20
1.7 Density- smoothed map showing the locations
of “Words worth” PNCs. 21
1.8 Kulldorff clusters map showing hot and cold spots for
“Words worth” PNCs. 23
2.1 Instances of “picturesque” in the corpus over time. 35
2.2 PNCs for “picturesque” in Gilpin’s Observations. 36
2.3 Kulldorff hot spots for PNCs of “beautiful” and “sublime.” 39
2.4 Density- smoothed map of “picturesque” PNCs in the late
eigh teenth century (1770–1795). 40
2.5 Density- smoothed map of “picturesque” PNCs in the Romantic
era (1796–1837). 41
2.6 Density- smoothed map of “picturesque” PNCs in the Victorian
era (1838–1900). 44
2.7 Heights of “picturesque” PNCs. 47
2.8 John Ruthven’s geological map. 55
vii
viii List of Figures
3.1 Density- smoothed map, showing PNCs for “tour” and its lexeme. 64
3.2 Kulldorff hot and cold spots for “tour” and its lexeme. 65
3.3 The relationship between “tourist*” PNCs and the road network. 66
3.4 PNCs for “tourist(s)” in the 1822 and 1835 editions of
Wordsw orth’s Guide to the Lakes. 70
3.5 Point maps showing PNCs for (a) “tourist(s)” and (b) “traveler(s).” 73
3.6 Density- smoothed maps showing the PNCs for (a)
“tourist(s)” and (b) “traveler(s).” 75
3.7 Kulldorff hot and cold spots for PNCs of “traveler(s).” 77
3.8 Density- smoothed maps showing the PNCs for “inhabit” and
“inhabitant(s).” 80
3.9 Kulldorff hot and cold spots for “inhabit” and “inhabitant(s).” 81
3.10 The Lake District’s market centers and other main industrial
or social centers. 82
3.11 The most significant Lake District towns as indicated by Black’s
Shilling Guide of 1853. 83
3.12 PNCs for nonagricultural industries. 84
3.13 PNCs for agricultural search terms as proportional symbols. 93
3.14 Density- smoothed and Kulldorff maps showing PNCs
for the agricultural search terms. 94
3.15 Beatrix Potter with sheep. 96
4.1 Time series of instances of “walk,” its synonyms,
and their lexemes. 106
4.2 Density- smoothed map of PNCs of “walk” and its lexeme
in the (a) long eigh teenth c entury, (b) Romantic period, and
(c) Victorian period. 109
4.3 Buffer map showing relationship between PNCs for “walk”
and its lexeme, with surrounding features. 113
4.4 Bar charts showing the percentage of PNCs of (a) “excursion”
and (b) “walk” and their lexeme at diff er ent elevations. 114
4.5 PNCs of (a) “a walk” and (b) “the walk.” 116
4.6 PNCs of “we walk,” its synonyms, and their lexeme. 119
4.7 PNCs of “I walk,” its synonyms, and their lexeme. 121
4.8 PNCs of (a) masculine and (b) feminine pronouns. 123
4.9 Kulldorff hot and cold spots for PNCs of (a) masculine and
(b) feminine pronouns. 125
4.10 Bar charts showing the percentage of PNCs of “pedestrian”
and its lexeme that occur at diff er ent elevations. 127
List of Figures ix
4.11 Proportional circle maps of PNCs of (a) “ramble” and
(b) “wander” and their lexeme. 129
4.12 Density- smoothed maps of PNCs of (a) “ramble” and
(b) “wander” and their lexeme. 131
4.13 Time series graph for instances of “ramble” and its lexeme. 133
4.14 Edwin Waugh’s suggested journey to Swarthmoor Hall. 134
4.15 Edwin Waugh’s suggested journey to Swarthmoor Hall using
fuzzy symbols. 136
4.16 Time series graph of instances of “wander” and its lexeme. 138
4.17 Proportional circle map showing the PNCs related to walking,
rambling, and wandering from Harriet Martineau’s two
guidebooks (1855 and 1861). 140
5.1 Frequency of “noise,” “sound,” “silence,” and their lexemes
as a proportion of the total corpus word count. 145
5.2 Frequency of PNCs of “noise,” “sound,” “silence,” and their
lexemes as a proportion of the total corpus word count. 145
5.3 Proportional circle maps of PNCs of (a) “noise,” (b) “sound,”
and (c) “silence” (and their lexemes). 146
5.4 Proportional circle maps of PNCs of “noise” and its lexeme in the
(a) eighteenth century, (b) Romantic period, and (c) Victorian period. 149
5.5 Density- smoothed maps of PNCs for a variety of
water- related terms. 156
5.6 Proportional circle map of PNCs for “waterfall” and “waterfalls.” 157
5.7 Proportional circle map of PNCs that include “waterfall(s)”
with “sound” and its lexeme. 158
5.8 Robert Southey, “The Cataract of Lodore.” 161
5.9 Proportional circle map of PNCs of “echo” and its lexeme. 167
5.10 Geological distribution of PNCs of “echo” and its lexeme. 168
5.11 Geological distribution of PNCs of “cannon.” 170
5.12 Geological distribution of PNCs of “cannon” in the
(a) eigh teenth c entury, (b) Romantic period, and (c) Victorian period. 171
6.1 Density- smoothed map of all PNCs around Scafell. 182
6.2 The Trig point on Scafell Pike. 183
6.3 Scafell, from Ordnance Survey First Series, Sheet 98 (1865). 184
6.4 Scafell, detail from C. Smith, New Map of Great Britain
and Ireland (1806). 185
6.5 Western Lakes, from William Hutchinson, The History
of the County of Cumberland (Carlisle: F. Jollie, 1794). 186