Database Systems

1425 Pages·2011·50.87 MB·English

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d ata b a s e Thomas Connolly Carolyn Begg
Both Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg have
experience of database design in industry, and now d a t a b a s e
s y s t e m s
apply this in their teaching and research at the
University of Paisley in Scotland.
www.booksites.net/connbegg
A Practical Approach to Design,
Connolly
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Implementation, and Management
s y s t e m s
Begg
FOURTH EDITION
FOURTH
Over 200,000 people have been grounded in good database design practice by reading Database
Systems.The new edition of this best-seller brings it up to date with the latest developments in EDITION
database technology and builds on the clear, accessible approach that has contributed to the success
of previous editions. d A Practical Approach to Design,
s
A clear introduction to design, implementation and management issues, as well as an extensive
treatment of database languages and standards, make this book an indispensable complete Implementation, and Management
reference for database students and professionals alike
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Features
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• Complex subjects are clearly explained using running case studies throughout the book. st
Database design methodology is explicitly divided into three phases: conceptual, logical, and
physical. Each phase is described with an example of how it works in practice.
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ta
SQL is comprehensively covered in three tutorial-style chapters.
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Distributed, object-oriented, and object-relational DBMSs are fully discussed.
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b
Check out the Web site at www.booksites.net/connbegg, for full implementations of the case e
studies, lab guides for Access and Oracle, and additional student support.
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New! For the fourth edition m
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Extended treatment of XML, OLAP and data mining.
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Coverage of updated standards including SQL:2003, W3C (XPath andXQuery), and OMG.
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Now covers Oracle9iand Microsoft Office Access 2003. s
e
This book comes with a free six-month subscription to Database Place, an online
tutorial that helps readers master the key concepts of database systems.
Log on at www.aw.com/databaseplace.
www.booksites.net/connbegg
an imprint of www.booksites.net/connbegg www.pearson-books.com
D ata b a s e
S y s t e m s
A Companion Web site accompanies Database Systems,
Fourth edition by Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg
Visit theDatabase SystemsCompanion Web site at www.booksites.net/connbegg
to find valuable learning material including:
For Students:
n Tutorials on selected chapters
n Sample StayHomedatabase
n Solutions to review questions
n DreamHomeweb implementation
n Extended version of File Organizations and Indexes
n Access and Oracle Lab Manuals
INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SCIENCE SERIES
Consulting Editor A D McGettrick University of Strathclyde
SELECTED TITLES IN THE SERIES
Operating Systems J Bacon and T Harris
Programming Language Essentials H E Bal and D Grune
Programming in Ada 95 (2nd edn) J G P Barnes
Java Gently (3rd edn) J Bishop
Software Design (2nd edn) D Budgen
Concurrent Programming A Burns and G Davies
Real-Time Systems and Programming Languages: Ada 95, Real-Time Java and Real-
Time POSIX (3rd edn) A Burns and A Wellings
Comparative Programming Languages (3rd edn) L B Wilson and R G Clark, updated by
R G Clark
Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (3rd edn) G Coulouris, J Dollimore and T
Kindberg
Principles of Object-Oriented Software Development (2nd edn) A Eliëns
Fortran 90 Programming T M R Ellis, I R Philips and T M Lahey
Program Verification N Francez
Introduction to Programming using SML M Hansen and H Rischel
Functional C P Hartel and H Muller
Algorithms and Data Structures: Design, Correctness, Analysis (2nd edn) J Kingston
Introductory Logic and Sets for Computer Scientists N Nissanke
Human–Computer Interaction J Preece et al.
Algorithms: A Functional Programming Approach F Rabhi and G Lapalme
Ada 95 From the Beginning (3rd edn) J Skansholm
C++From the Beginning J Skansholm
Java From the Beginning (2nd edn) J Skansholm
Software Engineering (6th edn) I Sommerville
Object-Oriented Programming in Eiffel (2nd edn) P Thomas and R Weedon

Miranda: The Craft of Functional Programming S Thompson
Haskell: The Craft of Functional Programming (2nd edn) S Thompson
Discrete Mathematics for Computer Scientists (2nd edn) J K Truss
Compiler Design R Wilhelm and D Maurer
Discover Delphi: Programming Principles Explained S Williams and S Walmsley
Software Engineering with B J B Wordsworth
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THOMAS M. CONNOLLY CAROLYN E. BEGG
UNIVERSITY OF PAISLEY
D at a b a s e
S y s t e m s
A Practical Approach to Design,
Implementation, and Management
Fourth Edition
Pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate
Harlow
Essex CM20 2JE
England
and Associated Companies throughout the world
Visit us on the World Wide Web at:
www.pearsoned.co.uk
First published 1995
Second edition 1998
Third edition 2002
Fourth edition published 2005
©Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
The rights of Thomas M. Connolly and Carolyn E. Begg to be identified as
authors of this work have been asserted by the authors in accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written
permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United
Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court
Road, London W1T 4LP.
The programs in this book have been included for their instructional value. They
have been tested with care but are not guaranteed for any particular purpose. The
publisher does not offer any warranties or representations nor does it accept any
liabilities with respect to the programs.
All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.
The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher
any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such
trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners.
ISBN 0 321 21025 5
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
09 08 07 06 05
Typeset in 10/12pt Times by 35
Printed and bound in the United States of America
To Sheena, for her patience, understanding, and love during the last few years.
To our daughter, Kathryn, for her beauty and intelligence.
To our happy and energetic son, Michael, for the constant joy he gives us.
To our new child, Stephen, may he always be so happy.
To my Mother, who died during the writing of the first edition.
Thomas M. Connolly
To Heather, Rowan, Calum, and David
Carolyn E. Begg

Brief Contents
Preface xxxiii
Part 1 Background 1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Databases 3
Chapter 2 Database Environment 33
Part 2 The Relational Model and Languages 67
Chapter 3 The Relational Model 69
Chapter 4 Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus 88
Chapter 5 SQL: Data Manipulation 112
Chapter 6 SQL: Data Definition 157
Chapter 7 Query-By-Example 198
Chapter 8 Commercial RDBMSs: Office Access and Oracle 225

Part 3 Database Analysis and Design Techniques 279
Chapter 9 Database Planning, Design, and Administration 281
Chapter 10 Fact-Finding Techniques 314
Chapter 11 Entity–Relationship Modeling 342
Chapter 12 Enhanced Entity–Relationship Modeling 371
Chapter 13 Normalization 387
Chapter 14 Advanced Normalization 415
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viii Brief Contents
Part 4 Methodology 435
Chapter 15 Methodology – Conceptual Database Design 437
Chapter 16 Methodology – Logical Database Design for the
Relational Model 461
Chapter 17 Methodology – Physical Database Design for
Relational Databases 494
Chapter 18 Methodology – Monitoring and Tuning the
Operational System 519
Part 5 Selected Database Issues 539
Chapter 19 Security 541
Chapter 20 Transaction Management 572
Chapter 21 Query Processing 630
Part 6 Distributed DBMSs and Replication 685
Chapter 22 Distributed DBMSs – Concepts and Design 687
Chapter 23 Distributed DBMSs – Advanced Concepts 734
Chapter 24 Replication and Mobile Databases 780
Part 7 Object DBMSs 801
Chapter 25 Introduction to Object DBMSs 803
Chapter 26 Object-Oriented DBMSs – Concepts 847

Chapter 27 Object-Oriented DBMSs – Standards and Systems 888
Chapter 28 Object-Relational DBMSs 935
Part 8 Web and DBMSs 991
Chapter 29 Web Technology and DBMSs 993
Chapter 30 Semistructured Data and XML 1065
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Brief Contents ix
Part 9 Business Intelligence 1147
Chapter 31 Data Warehousing Concepts 1149
Chapter 32 Data Warehousing Design 1181
Chapter 33 OLAP 1204
Chapter 34 Data Mining 1232
Appendices 1247
A Users’ Requirements Specification for DreamHome
Case Study 1249
B Other Case Studies 1255
C File Organizations and Indexes
(extended version on Web site) 1268
D When is a DBMS Relational? 1293
E Programmatic SQL
(extended version on Web site) 1298
F Alternative ER Modeling Notations 1320
G Summary of the Database Design Methodology for
Relational Databases 1326
H Estimating Disk Space Requirements On Web site
I Example Web Scripts On Web site
Refe rences 1332
Further Reading 1345
Index 1356