Database system concepts

1373 Pages·2020·31.297 MB·English

by  Henry F. Korth, Abraham Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan

This International Student Edition is for use outside of the U.S.
SEVENTH EDITION
Database System Concepts
Abraham Silberschatz
Henry F. Korth
S. Sudarshan
silberschatz6e_fm_i-ii.indd Page i 12/3/09 2:51:50 PM user /Users/user/Desktop/Temp Work/00November_2009/24:11:09/VYN/silberschatz
DATABASE
SYSTEM CONCEPTS
S ESVI XE TNHT H E DE IDTIITOI NO N
Abraham Silberschatz
Yale University
Henry F. Korth
Lehigh University
S. Sudarshan
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
TM
DATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPTS
Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2020 by
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ISBN 978-1-260-08450-4
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Tomeineschatzi,Valerie
herparentsandmydearfriends,SteveandMaryAnne
andinmemoryofmyparents,JosephandVera
AviSilberschatz
Tomywife,Joan
mychildren,AbigailandJoseph
mymother,Frances
andinmemoryofmyfather,Henry
HankKorth
Tomywife,Sita
mychildren,MadhurandAdvaith
andmymother,Indira
S.Sudarshan

About the Authors
Abraham(Avi)SilberschatzistheSidneyJ.WeinbergProfessorofComputerScience
at Yale University. Prior to coming to Yale in 2003, he was the vice president of the
Information Sciences Research Center at Bell Labs. He previously held an endowed
professorshipattheUniversity ofTexasatAustin,wherehetaughtuntil1993.Silber-
schatzisafellowoftheACM,afellowoftheIEEE,andamemberoftheConnecticut
AcademyofScienceandEngineering.Hereceivedthe2002IEEETaylorL.BoothEd-
ucation Award, the 1998 ACM Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award, and
the1997ACMSIGMODContributionAward.SilberschatzwasawardedtheBellLab-
oratories President’s Award three times, in 1998, 1999 and 2004. His writings have
appeared in numerous journals, conferences, workshops, and book chapters. He has
obtainedover48patentsandover24grants.HeisanauthorofthetextbookOperating
SystemConcepts.
Henry F. (Hank) Korth is a Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and co-
directoroftheComputerScienceandBusinessprogramatLehighUniversity.Priorto
joining Lehigh, he was director of Database Principles Research at Bell Labs, a vice
presidentofPanasonicTechnologies,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofTexas
atAustin,andaresearchstaffmemberatIBMResearch.KorthisafellowoftheACM
andoftheIEEEandawinnerofthe10-YearAwardattheVLDBConference.Hisnumer-
ousresearchpublicationsspanawiderangeofaspectsofdatabasesystems,including
transaction management in parallel and distributed systems, real-time systems, query
processing, and the influence on these areas from modern computing architectures.
Most recently, his research has addressed issues in the application of blockchains in
enterprisedatabases.
S. Sudarshan is currently the Subrao M. Nilekani Chair Professor at the Indian Insti-
tute of Technology, Bombay. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin in
1992,andhewasamemberofthetechnicalstaffatBellLabsbeforejoiningIITBom-
bay. Sudarshan is a fellow of the ACM. His research spans several areas of database
systems, with a focus on query processing and query optimization. His paper on key-
wordsearchindatabasespublishedin2002wontheIEEEICDEMostInfluentialPaper
Award in 2012, and his work on main-memory databases received the Bell Laborato-
riesPresident’sAwardin1999.Hiscurrentresearchareasincludetestingandgrading
ofSQLqueries,optimizationofdatabaseapplicationsbyrewritingofimperativecode,
and query optimization for parallel databases. He has published over 100 papers and
obtained15patents.

Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Database-SystemApplications 1 1.7 DatabaseandApplicationArchitecture 21
1.2 PurposeofDatabaseSystems 5 1.8 DatabaseUsersandAdministrators 24
1.3 ViewofData 8 1.9 HistoryofDatabaseSystems 25
1.4 DatabaseLanguages 13 1.10 Summary 29
1.5 DatabaseDesign 17 Exercises 31
1.6 DatabaseEngine 18 FurtherReading 33
PART ONE RELATIONAL LANGUAGES
Chapter 2 Introduction tothe RelationalModel
2.1 StructureofRelationalDatabases 37 2.6 TheRelationalAlgebra 48
2.2 DatabaseSchema 41 2.7 Summary 58
2.3 Keys 43 Exercises 60
2.4 SchemaDiagrams 46 FurtherReading 63
2.5 RelationalQueryLanguages 47
Chapter 3 Introduction toSQL
3.1 OverviewoftheSQLQueryLanguage 65 3.7 AggregateFunctions 91
3.2 SQLDataDefinition 66 3.8 NestedSubqueries 98
3.3 BasicStructureofSQLQueries 71 3.9 ModificationoftheDatabase 108
3.4 AdditionalBasicOperations 79 3.10 Summary 114
3.5 SetOperations 85 Exercises 115
3.6 NullValues 89 FurtherReading 124
viii Contents
Chapter4 IntermediateSQL
4.1 JoinExpressions 125 4.6 IndexDefinitioninSQL 164
4.2 Views 137 4.7 Authorization 165
4.3 Transactions 143 4.8 Summary 173
4.4 IntegrityConstraints 145 Exercises 176
4.5 SQLDataTypesandSchemas 153 FurtherReading 180
Chapter5 Advanced SQL
5.1 AccessingSQLfromaProgramming 5.5 AdvancedAggregationFeatures 219
Language 183 5.6 Summary 231
5.2 FunctionsandProcedures 198 Exercises 232
5.3 Triggers 206 FurtherReading 238
5.4 RecursiveQueries 213
PART TWO DATABASE DESIGN
Chapter6 DatabaseDesignUsingtheE-RModel
6.1 OverviewoftheDesignProcess 241 6.8 ExtendedE-RFeatures 271
6.2 TheEntity-RelationshipModel 244 6.9 Entity-RelationshipDesignIssues 279
6.3 ComplexAttributes 249 6.10 AlternativeNotationsforModeling
6.4 MappingCardinalities 252 Data 285
6.5 PrimaryKey 256 6.11 OtherAspectsofDatabaseDesign 291
6.6 RemovingRedundantAttributesinEntity 6.12 Summary 292
Sets 261 Exercises 294
6.7 ReducingE-RDiagramstoRelational FurtherReading 300
Schemas 264
Chapter7 RelationalDatabaseDesign
7.1 FeaturesofGoodRelationalDesigns 303 7.7 MoreNormalForms 341
7.2 DecompositionUsingFunctional 7.8 AtomicDomainsandFirstNormal
Dependencies 308 Form 342
7.3 NormalForms 313 7.9 Database-DesignProcess 343
7.4 Functional-DependencyTheory 320 7.10 ModelingTemporalData 347
7.5 AlgorithmsforDecompositionUsing 7.11 Summary 351
FunctionalDependencies 330 Exercises 353
7.6 DecompositionUsingMultivalued FurtherReading 360
Dependencies 336
Contents ix
PART THREE APPLICATION DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 8 ComplexDataTypes
8.1 Semi-structuredData 365 8.5 Summary 394
8.2 ObjectOrientation 376 Exercises 397
8.3 TextualData 382 FurtherReading 401
8.4 SpatialData 387
Chapter 9 Application Development
9.1 ApplicationProgramsandUser 9.7 ApplicationPerformance 434
Interfaces 403 9.8 ApplicationSecurity 437
9.2 WebFundamentals 405 9.9 EncryptionandItsApplications 447
9.3 Servlets 411 9.10 Summary 453
9.4 AlternativeServer-SideFrameworks 416 Exercises 455
9.5 Client-SideCodeandWebServices 421 FurtherReading 462
9.6 ApplicationArchitectures 429
PART FOUR BIG DATA ANALYTICS
Chapter 10 Big Data
10.1 Motivation 467 10.5 StreamingData 500
10.2 BigDataStorageSystems 472 10.6 GraphDatabases 508
10.3 TheMapReduceParadigm 483 10.7 Summary 511
10.4 BeyondMapReduce:Algebraic Exercises 513
Operations 494 FurtherReading 516
Chapter 11 DataAnalytics
11.1 OverviewofAnalytics 519 11.5 Summary 550
11.2 DataWarehousing 521 Exercises 552
11.3 OnlineAnalyticalProcessing 527 FurtherReading 555
11.4 DataMining 540