Database Embedded SQL programming

190 Pages·2009·0.67 MB·English

(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)
System i
Database
Embedded SQL programming
Version 6 Release 1

(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)
System i
Database
Embedded SQL programming
Version 6 Release 1
Note
Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices,” on
page 177.
Thiseditionappliestoversion6,release1,modification0ofIBMi5/OS(productnumber5761–SS1)andtoall
subsequentreleasesandmodificationsuntilotherwiseindicatedinneweditions.Thisversiondoesnotrunonall
reducedinstructionsetcomputer(RISC)modelsnordoesitrunonCISCmodels.
©CopyrightInternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation1998,2008.
USGovernmentUsersRestrictedRights–Use,duplicationordisclosurerestrictedbyGSAADPScheduleContract
withIBMCorp.
Contents
Embedded SQL programming . . . . . 1 DeclaringhostvariablesinCandC++
|| What’snewforV6R1 . . . . . . . . . . . 1 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 17
PDFfileforEmbeddedSQLprogramming . . . . 1 NumerichostvariablesinCandC++
Commonconceptsandrulesforusingembedded applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 17
SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 CharacterhostvariablesinCandC++
WritingapplicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . 2 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 18
UsinghostvariablesinSQLstatements . . . . 3 GraphichostvariablesinCandC++
AssignmentrulesforhostvariablesinSQL applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 21
statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 BinaryhostvariablesinCandC++
IndicatorvariablesinapplicationsthatuseSQL 4 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 23
Indicatorvariablesusedwithhoststructures 5 LOBhostvariablesinCandC++
| Indicatorvariablesusedtoassignspecial applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 24
|| values . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ROWIDhostvariablesinCandC++
HandlingSQLerrorreturncodesusingthe applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 27
SQLCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 UsinghoststructuresinCandC++applications
UsingtheSQLdiagnosticsarea . . . . . . . 7 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
UpdatingapplicationstousetheSQL HoststructuredeclarationsinCandC++
diagnosticsarea . . . . . . . . . . . 8 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 28
i5/OSprogrammingmodel . . . . . . . 8 HoststructureindicatorarrayinCandC++
AdditionalnotesonusingtheSQLdiagnostics applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 31
area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 UsingarraysofhoststructuresinCandC++
Example:SQLroutineexception. . . . . . 9 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 31
Example:LoggingitemsfromtheSQL HoststructurearrayinCandC++
diagnosticsarea . . . . . . . . . . . 9 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 32
Handlingexceptionconditionswiththe HoststructurearrayindicatorstructureinC
WHENEVERstatement . . . . . . . . . 10 andC++applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . 34
CodingSQLstatementsinCandC++applications 11 UsingpointerdatatypesinCandC++
DefiningtheSQLcommunicationareainCand applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 35
C++applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . . 12 UsingtypedefinCandC++applicationsthat
DefiningSQLdescriptorareasinCandC++ useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 13 UsingILECcompilerexternalfiledescriptionsin
EmbeddingSQLstatementsinCandC++ CandC++applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . 36
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 15 DeterminingequivalentSQLandCorC++data
CommentsinCandC++applicationsthatuse types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 NotesonCandC++variabledeclarationand
ContinuationforSQLstatementsinCand usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
C++applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . 15 UsingindicatorvariablesinCandC++
IncludingcodeinCandC++applicationsthat applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 40
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 CodingSQLstatementsinCOBOLapplications . . 40
MarginsinCandC++applicationsthatuse DefiningtheSQLcommunicationareainCOBOL
SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 41
NamesinCandC++applicationsthatuse DefiningSQLdescriptorareasinCOBOL
SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 42
NULLsandNULsinCandC++applications EmbeddingSQLstatementsinCOBOL
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 43
StatementlabelsinCandC++applications CommentsinCOBOLapplicationsthatuse
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
PreprocessorsequenceforCandC++ ContinuationforSQLstatementsinCOBOL
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 16 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 44
TrigraphsinCandC++applicationsthatuse IncludingcodeinCOBOLapplicationsthat
SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
WHENEVERstatementinCandC++ MarginsinCOBOLapplicationsthatuseSQL 44
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 17 SequencenumbersinCOBOLapplications
UsinghostvariablesinCandC++applications thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 NamesinCOBOLapplicationsthatuseSQL 45
©CopyrightIBMCorp.1998,2008 iii
COBOLcompile-timeoptionsinCOBOL ContinuationforSQLstatementsinPL/I
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 45 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 68
StatementlabelsinCOBOLapplicationsthat IncludingcodeinPL/Iapplicationsthatuse
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
WHENEVERstatementinCOBOL MarginsinPL/IapplicationsthatuseSQL. . 69
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 45 NamesinPL/IapplicationsthatuseSQL . . 69
MultiplesourceCOBOLprogramsandthe StatementlabelsinPL/Iapplicationsthatuse
SQLCOBOLprecompiler. . . . . . . . 45 SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
UsinghostvariablesinCOBOLapplicationsthat WHENEVERstatementinPL/Iapplications
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
DeclaringhostvariablesinCOBOL UsinghostvariablesinPL/Iapplicationsthatuse
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 45 SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
NumerichostvariablesinCOBOL DeclaringhostvariablesinPL/Iapplications
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 45 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Floating-pointhostvariablesinCOBOL Numeric-hostvariablesinPL/I
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 47 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 70
CharacterhostvariablesinCOBOL Character-hostvariablesinPL/I
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 47 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 70
GraphichostvariablesinCOBOL BinaryhostvariablesinPL/Iapplications
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 49 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . 71
BinaryhostvariablesinCOBOL LOBhostvariablesinPL/Iapplications
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 50 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . 71
LOBhostvariablesinCOBOLapplications ROWIDhostvariablesinPL/Iapplications
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . 51 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . 73
DatetimehostvariablesinCOBOL UsinghoststructuresinPL/Iapplicationsthat
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 53 useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
ROWIDhostvariablesinCOBOL HoststructuresinPL/Iapplicationsthatuse
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 53 SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
UsinghoststructuresinCOBOLapplicationsthat HoststructureindicatorarraysinPL/I
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 75
HoststructureinCOBOLapplicationsthatuse UsinghoststructurearraysinPL/Iapplications
SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
HoststructureindicatorarrayinCOBOL HoststructurearrayinPL/Iapplicationsthat
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 57 useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
UsinghoststructurearraysinCOBOL HoststructurearrayindicatorinPL/I
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 58 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 77
HoststructurearrayinCOBOLapplications UsingexternalfiledescriptionsinPL/I
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 77
HostarrayindicatorstructureinCOBOL DeterminingequivalentSQLandPL/Idatatypes 78
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 61 UsingindicatorvariablesinPL/Iapplications
UsingexternalfiledescriptionsinCOBOL thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 62 DifferencesinPL/Ibecauseofstructure
Usingexternalfiledescriptionsforhost parameterpassingtechniques . . . . . . . 80
structurearraysinCOBOLapplicationsthat CodingSQLstatementsinRPG/400applications. . 81
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 DefiningtheSQLcommunicationareain
DeterminingequivalentSQLandCOBOLdata RPG/400applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . 81
types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 DefiningSQLdescriptorareasinRPG/400
NotesonCOBOLvariabledeclarationand applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 82
usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 EmbeddingSQLstatementsinRPG/400
UsingindicatorvariablesinCOBOLapplications applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 83
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Example:EmbeddingSQLstatementsin
CodingSQLstatementsinPL/Iapplications . . . 66 RPG/400applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . 83
DefiningtheSQLcommunicationareainPL/I CommentsinRPG/400applicationsthatuse
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 66 SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
DefiningSQLdescriptorareasinPL/I ContinuationforSQLstatementsinRPG/400
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 67 applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 83
EmbeddingSQLstatementsinPL/Iapplications IncludingcodeinRPG/400applicationsthat
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Example:EmbeddingSQLstatementsinPL/I SequencenumbersinRPG/400applications
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 68 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
CommentsinPL/IapplicationsthatuseSQL 68 NamesinRPG/400applicationsthatuseSQL 84
iv Systemi: DatabaseEmbeddedSQLprogramming
StatementlabelsinRPG/400applicationsthat UsinghoststructuresinILERPGapplications
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
WHENEVERstatementinRPG/400 UsinghoststructurearraysinILERPG
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 84 applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . . . 103
UsinghostvariablesinRPG/400applications UsingexternalfiledescriptionsinILERPG
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . . . 104
DeclaringhostvariablesinRPG/400 Externalfiledescriptionconsiderationsfor
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 84 hoststructurearraysinILERPGapplications
UsinghoststructuresinRPG/400applications thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . 104
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 DeterminingequivalentSQLandILERPGdata
UsinghoststructurearraysinRPG/400 types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 85 NotesonILERPGvariabledeclarationand
UsingexternalfiledescriptionsinRPG/400 usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 86 UsingindicatorvariablesinILERPG
Externalfiledescriptionconsiderationsfor applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . . . 111
hoststructurearraysinRPG/400applications Example:UsingindicatorvariablesinILE
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 RPGapplicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . 112
DeterminingequivalentSQLandRPG/400data Example:SQLDAforamultiplerow-areafetch
types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 inILERPGapplicationsthatuseSQL . . . . 112
AssignmentrulesinRPG/400applications Example:DynamicSQLinanILERPG
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 applicationthatusesSQL . . . . . . . . 113
UsingindicatorvariablesinRPG/400 CodingSQLstatementsinREXXapplications. . . 114
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 90 UsingtheSQLcommunicationareainREXX
Example:Usingindicatorvariablesin applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
RPG/400applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . 90 UsingSQLdescriptorareasinREXX
DifferencesinRPG/400becauseofstructure applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
parameterpassingtechniques . . . . . . . 90 EmbeddingSQLstatementsinREXX
CorrectlyendingacalledRPG/400programthat applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
usesSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 CommentsinREXXapplicationsthatuse
CodingSQLstatementsinILERPGapplications . . 91 SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
DefiningtheSQLcommunicationareainILE ContinuationofSQLstatementsinREXX
RPGapplicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 91 applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . . 119
DefiningSQLdescriptorareasinILERPG IncludingcodeinREXXapplicationsthatuse
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 92 SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
EmbeddingSQLstatementsinILERPG MarginsinREXXapplicationsthatuseSQL 119
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . . 94 NamesinREXXapplicationsthatuseSQL 119
CommentsinILERPGapplicationsthatuse NullsinREXXapplicationsthatuseSQL . . 119
SQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 StatementlabelsinREXXapplicationsthat
ContinuationforSQLstatementsinILERPG useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 94 HandlingerrorsandwarningsinREXX
IncludingcodeinILERPGapplicationsthat applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . . 119
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 UsinghostvariablesinREXXapplicationsthat
UsingdirectivesinILERPGapplicationsthat useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Determiningdatatypesofinputhost
SequencenumbersinILERPGapplications variablesinREXXapplicationsthatuseSQL . 120
thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 TheformatofoutputhostvariablesinREXX
NamesinILERPGapplicationsthatuseSQL 96 applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . . 121
StatementlabelsinILERPGapplicationsthat AvoidingREXXconversioninREXX
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . . 122
WHENEVERstatementinILERPG UsingindicatorvariablesinREXXapplications
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 96 thatuseSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
UsinghostvariablesinILERPGapplicationsthat PreparingandrunningaprogramwithSQL
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
DeclaringhostvariablesinILERPG BasicprocessesoftheSQLprecompiler. . . . 122
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . . 96 InputtotheSQLprecompiler . . . . . . 123
DeclaringbinaryhostvariablesinILERPG SourcefileCCSIDsintheSQLprecompiler 124
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 97 OutputfromtheSQLprecompiler . . . . 124
DeclaringLOBhostvariablesinILERPG Listing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
applicationsthatuseSQL. . . . . . . 98 Temporarysourcefilememberscreatedby
DeclaringROWIDvariablesinILERPG theSQLprecompiler . . . . . . . . 125
applicationsthatuseSQL . . . . . . 100 SampleSQLprecompileroutput . . . . 125
Contents v
Non-ILESQLprecompilercommands . . . . 129 Example:SQLstatementsinCOBOLandILE
Compilinganon-ILEapplicationprogram COBOLprograms . . . . . . . . . . . 142
thatusesSQL . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Example:SQLstatementsinPL/Iprograms . . 151
ILESQLprecompilercommands . . . . . . 130 Example:SQLstatementsinRPG/400programs 156
CompilinganILEapplicationprogramthat Example:SQLstatementsinILERPGprograms 162
usesSQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Example:SQLstatementsinREXXprograms 168
Settingcompileroptionsusingtheprecompiler Reportproducedbyexampleprogramsthatuse
commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Interpretingcompileerrorsinapplicationsthat CLcommanddescriptionsforhostlanguage
useSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 precompilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
BindinganapplicationthatusesSQL . . . . 132 CreateSQLCOBOLProgramcommand . . . 173
Programreferencesinapplicationsthatuse CreateSQLILECOBOLObjectcommand . . . 174
SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 CreateSQLILECObjectcommand . . . . . 174
DisplayingSQLprecompileroptions . . . . 134 CreateSQLILEC++Objectcommand . . . . 174
RunningaprogramwithembeddedSQL . . . 134 CreateSQLPL/IProgramcommand . . . . 174
RunningaprogramwithembeddedSQL: CreateSQLRPGProgramcommand . . . . 174
i5/OSDDMconsiderations. . . . . . . 134 CreateSQLILERPGObjectcommand . . . . 174
RunningaprogramwithembeddedSQL: RelatedinformationforEmbeddedSQL
Overrideconsiderations. . . . . . . . 134 programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
RunningaprogramwithembeddedSQL:
SQLreturncodes . . . . . . . . . . 135 Appendix. Notices . . . . . . . . . 177
Exampleprograms:UsingDB2fori5/OS
Programminginterfaceinformation . . . . . . 178
statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Example:SQLstatementsinILECandC++
Termsandconditions. . . . . . . . . . . 179
programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
vi Systemi: DatabaseEmbeddedSQLprogramming
Embedded SQL programming
This topic collection explains how to create database applications in host languages that use DB2® for
i5/OS® SQLstatements and functions.
Note: By using the code examples, you agree to the terms of the “Code license and disclaimer
information” on page 175.
What’s new for V6R1
|
| Read about new or significantly changed information for the Embedded SQLprogramming topic
| collection.
| v The ILE RPG precompiler now recognizes scoped variables. Read “Using host variables in ILE RPG
| applications that use SQL” on page 96.
| v The ILE COBOLprecompiler now supports the UCS-2 variable type:
| – “Graphic host variables in COBOLapplications that use SQL” on page 49
| – “Host structure in COBOLapplications that use SQL” on page 54
| – “Host structure array in COBOLapplications that use SQL” on page 58
| v The use of stream files is now supported on the Create SQLILE COBOLObject (CRTSQLCBLI), Create
| SQLILE C Object (CRTSQLCI), Create SQLILE C++ Object (CRTSQLCPPI), and Create SQLILE RPG
| Object (CRTSQLRPGI) commands. Refer to the Control language topic collection or the topic “Input to
| the SQLprecompiler” on page 123 for more information.
| v Extended indicators are supported so that an application that uses indicator variables can pass default
| or unassigned values. Read “Indicator variables used to assign special values” on page 6.
| v The decimal floating-point data type is now supported by the C precompiler. See the following topics
| for more information:
| – “Numeric host variables in C and C++ applications that use SQL” on page 17
| – “Host structure declarations in C and C++ applications that use SQL” on page 28
| – “Host structure array in C and C++ applications that use SQL” on page 32
| How to see what’s new or changed
| To help you see where technical changes have been made, this information uses:
| v The image to mark where new or changed information begins.
| v The image to mark where new or changed information ends.
| In PDF files, you might see revision bars (|) in the left margin of new and changed information.
| To find other information about what’s new or changed this release, see the Memo to users.
| Related information
| Control language
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Related reference
“Related information for Embedded SQLprogramming” on page 174
Product manuals and other information center topic collections contain information that relates to the
Embedded SQLprogramming topic collection. You can view or print any of the PDF files.
Common concepts and rules for using embedded SQL
Here are some common concepts and rules for using SQLstatements in a host language.
Writing applications that use SQL
You can create database applications in host languages that use DB2 for i5/OS SQLstatements and
functions.
To use embedded SQL, you must have the licensed program IBM® DB2 Query Manager and SQL
Development Kit for i5/OS installed.Additionally, you must have the compilers for the host languages
you want to use installed.
Related concepts
“Coding SQLstatements in C and C++ applications” on page 11
To embed SQLstatements in an ILE C or C++ program, you need to be aware of some unique
application and coding requirements. This topic also defines the requirements for host structures and
host variables.
“Coding SQLstatements in COBOLapplications” on page 40
There are unique application and coding requirements for embedding SQLstatements in a COBOL
program. In this topic, requirements for host structures and host variables are defined.
“Coding SQLstatements in PL/I applications” on page 66
There are some unique application and coding requirements for embedding SQLstatements in a PL/I
program. In this topic, requirements for host structures and host variables are defined.
“Coding SQLstatements in RPG/400 applications” on page 81
The RPG/400® licensed program supports both RPG II and RPG III programs.
“Coding SQLstatements in ILE RPG applications” on page 91
You need to be aware of the unique application and coding requirements for embedding SQL
statements in an ILE RPG program. In this topic, the coding requirements for host variables are
defined.
“Coding SQLstatements in REXX applications” on page 114
REXX™ procedures do not have to be preprocessed.At run time, the REXX interpreter passes
statements that it does not understand to the current active command environment for processing.
“Preparing and running a program with SQLstatements” on page 122
This topic describes some of the tasks for preparing and running an application program.
IBM Developer Kit for Java
2 Systemi: DatabaseEmbeddedSQLprogramming