Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++

654 Pages·2013·4.21 MB·English

Fourth Edition
Data Structures
and Algorithm
Analysis in
C
++
This page intentionally left blank
Fourth Edition
Data Structures
and Algorithm
Analysis in
C
++
Mark Allen Weiss
Florida International University
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Weiss,MarkAllen.
DatastructuresandalgorithmanalysisinC++/MarkAllenWeiss,FloridaInternationalUniversity.—Fourth
edition.
pagescm
ISBN-13:978-0-13-284737-7(alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-13-284737-X(alk.paper)
1.C++(Computerprogramlanguage)2.Datastructures(Computerscience)3.Computeralgorithms.I.Title.
QA76.73.C153W462014
(cid:3)
005.73—dc23
2013011064
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN-10: 0-13-284737-X
www.pearsonhighered.com ISBN-13:978-0-13-284737-7
To my kind, brilliant, and inspiring Sara.
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CONTENTS
Preface xv
Chapter 1 Programming: A General Overview 1
1.1 What’sThisBookAbout? 1
1.2 MathematicsReview 2
1.2.1 Exponents 3
1.2.2 Logarithms 3
1.2.3 Series 4
1.2.4 ModularArithmetic 5
1.2.5 ThePWord 6
1.3 ABriefIntroductiontoRecursion 8
1.4 C++Classes 12
1.4.1 BasicclassSyntax 12
1.4.2 ExtraConstructorSyntaxandAccessors 13
1.4.3 SeparationofInterfaceandImplementation 16
1.4.4 vectorandstring 19
1.5 C++Details 21
1.5.1 Pointers 21
1.5.2 Lvalues,Rvalues,andReferences 23
1.5.3 ParameterPassing 25
1.5.4 ReturnPassing 27
1.5.5 std::swapandstd::move 29
1.5.6 TheBig-Five:Destructor,CopyConstructor,MoveConstructor,Copy
Assignmentoperator=,MoveAssignmentoperator= 30
1.5.7 C-styleArraysandStrings 35
1.6 Templates 36
1.6.1 FunctionTemplates 37
1.6.2 ClassTemplates 38
1.6.3 Object,Comparable,andanExample 39
1.6.4 FunctionObjects 41
1.6.5 SeparateCompilationofClassTemplates 44
1.7 UsingMatrices 44
1.7.1 TheDataMembers,Constructor,andBasicAccessors 44
1.7.2 operator[] 45
vii
viii Contents
1.7.3 Big-Five 46
Summary 46
Exercises 46
References 48
Chapter 2 Algorithm Analysis 51
2.1 MathematicalBackground 51
2.2 Model 54
2.3 WhattoAnalyze 54
2.4 Running-TimeCalculations 57
2.4.1 ASimpleExample 58
2.4.2 GeneralRules 58
2.4.3 SolutionsfortheMaximumSubsequence
SumProblem 60
2.4.4 LogarithmsintheRunningTime 66
2.4.5 LimitationsofWorst-CaseAnalysis 70
Summary 70
Exercises 71
References 76
Chapter 3 Lists, Stacks, and Queues 77
3.1 AbstractDataTypes(ADTs) 77
3.2 TheListADT 78
3.2.1 SimpleArrayImplementationofLists 78
3.2.2 SimpleLinkedLists 79
3.3 vectorandlistintheSTL 80
3.3.1 Iterators 82
3.3.2 Example:UsingeraseonaList 83
3.3.3 const_iterators 84
3.4 Implementationofvector 86
3.5 Implementationoflist 91
3.6 TheStackADT 103
3.6.1 StackModel 103
3.6.2 ImplementationofStacks 104
3.6.3 Applications 104
3.7 TheQueueADT 112
3.7.1 QueueModel 113
3.7.2 ArrayImplementationofQueues 113
3.7.3 ApplicationsofQueues 115
Summary 116
Exercises 116
Contents ix
Chapter 4 Trees 121
4.1 Preliminaries 121
4.1.1 ImplementationofTrees 122
4.1.2 TreeTraversalswithanApplication 123
4.2 BinaryTrees 126
4.2.1 Implementation 128
4.2.2 AnExample:ExpressionTrees 128
4.3 TheSearchTreeADT—BinarySearchTrees 132
4.3.1 contains 134
4.3.2 findMinandfindMax 135
4.3.3 insert 136
4.3.4 remove 139
4.3.5 DestructorandCopyConstructor 141
4.3.6 Average-CaseAnalysis 141
4.4 AVLTrees 144
4.4.1 SingleRotation 147
4.4.2 DoubleRotation 149
4.5 SplayTrees 158
4.5.1 ASimpleIdea(ThatDoesNotWork) 158
4.5.2 Splaying 160
4.6 TreeTraversals(Revisited) 166
4.7 B-Trees 168
4.8 SetsandMapsintheStandardLibrary 173
4.8.1 Sets 173
4.8.2 Maps 174
4.8.3 Implementationofsetandmap 175
4.8.4 AnExampleThatUsesSeveralMaps 176
Summary 181
Exercises 182
References 189
Chapter 5 Hashing 193
5.1 GeneralIdea 193
5.2 HashFunction 194
5.3 SeparateChaining 196
5.4 HashTableswithoutLinkedLists 201
5.4.1 LinearProbing 201
5.4.2 QuadraticProbing 202
5.4.3 DoubleHashing 207
5.5 Rehashing 208
5.6 HashTablesintheStandardLibrary 210