Data Base Management: Theory and Applications: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Estoril, Portugal, June 1–14, 1981

389 Pages·1983·19.263 MB·English

by  Eckhard Falkenberg (auth.), Clyde W. Holsapple, Andrew B. Whinston (eds.)

Data Base Management: Theory and Applications
NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES
Proceedings of the Advanced Study Institute Programme, which aims
at the dissemination of advanced knowledge and
the formation of contacts among scientists from different countries
The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction
with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical D. Reidel Publishing Company
and Physical Dordrecht, Boston and London
Sciences
D Behavioural and
Social Sciences Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
E Engineering and The Hague, London and Boston
Materials Sciences
F Computer and Springer Verlag
Systems Sciences Heidelberg
G Ecological Sciences
Series C - Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Volume 98 - Data Base Management: Theory and Applications
Data Base Management:
Theory and Applications
Proceedings oft he NATO Advanced Study Institute
held at Estoril, Portugal, June 1-14, 1981
edited by
CL YDE W. HOLSAPPLE
Department of Business Administration, University ofi llinois,
Champaign, illinois, U.S.A.
and
ANDREW B. WHINSTON
Krannert Graduate School ofM anagement, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.
D. Reidel Publishing Company
Dordrecht: Holland / Boston: U.S.A. / London: England
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Study Institute (1981 : Estoril, Portugal)
Date base management-theory and applications.
(NATO advanced study institutes series. Series C, Mathematical
and physical sciences; v. 98)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Data base management-Congresses. I. Holsapple, C. W.
II. Whinston, Andrew B. III. Title. IV. Series.
QA76.9.D3N36 1981 001.64'42 82-20523
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-7031-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-7029-8
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-7029-8
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company
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Copyright © 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company. Dordrecht, Holland
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Sotlcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1983
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction vii
1. CONCEPTUAL DATA MODELLING AND LOGICAL DATA BASE DESIGN
- Foundations of the Conceptual Schema Approach to
Information Systems
by Eckhard Falkenberg 3
- Some Aspects of Conceptual Data Modelling
by Eckhard Falkenberg 19
- A Tutorial on Data Modelling Using Entity Types,
Attributes and Relationships
by T. William Olle 35
- Methodologies and Tools for Logical Database Design
by Giampio Bracchi 59
II. BUILDING APPLICATION SYSTEMS
- An Approach to End-Users Application Design
by Jim Gray 89
- Method Base System: A Tool for Decision Support
by M. Bever, W. Gaube, p. C. Lockemann, and
H. C. Mayr 107
- Model Management in Decision Support Systems
by Benn R. Konsynski 131
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
_ The Nature of Database Management for Effective
Decision Support Systems
by Mary E. S. Loomis 155
- Guidelines for DBMS Selection
by C. W. Holsapple and A. B. Whinston 175
III. DSS FOR APPLICATION BUILDERS
- IS/DSS: DBMS Support for Information Systems
Development
by Richard J. Welke 195
- A DSS For Systems Analysis and Design
by J. F. Nunamaker and B. R. Konsynski 251
IV. APPLYING AND EVALUATING DSS
- OIS Technology and Accounting: Partners in Conflic!
by Andrew D. Bailey, Jr., James Gerlach
R. Preston McAfee, Andrew B. Whinston, and
David Jo H. Watson 275
- DSS For Cooperative Decision-Making
by Edward A. Stohr 307
- Theory and Practice in Decision Support for
Manufacturing Control
by Shimon Yo Nof 325
- Applying Data Base Management Techniques to
Statistical Production Processing
by J. C. Veim 349
- DSS Success: Measurement and Facilitation
by Michael J. Ginzberg 367
INDEX 389
INTRODUCTION
This volume is based on lectures presented at the N.A.T.O.
Advanced Studies Institute on Data Base Management Theory and
Applications. The meeting took place in Estoril Portugal for a
two week periQd in June 1981.
The lecturers represented distinguished research centers in
industry, gvvernment and academia. Lectures presented basic
material in data base management, as well as sharing recent
developments in the field. The participants were drawn from data
processing groups in government, industry and academia, located
in N.A.T.O. countries. All participants had a common goal of
learning about the exciting new developments in the field of data
base management with the potential for application to their fields
of interest. In addition to formal lectures and the informal
discussions among participants, which are characteristic of N.A.T.O.
AS! gatherings, participants had the opportunity for hands-on
experience in building application systems with a data base
management system. Participants were organized into groups that
designed and implemented application systems using data base
technology on micro computers.
The collection of papers is organized into four major
sections. The first section deals with various aspects of data
modeling from the conceptual and logical perspectives. These
issues are crucial in the initial design of application systems.
The second section focuses on the actual construction of data base
oriented application systems. Several of these papers deal with
concepts that are important for building application systems that
fall into the Decision Support Systems framework. The third
section examines the utilization of Decision Support Systems as
vii
c. W. Holsapple and A. B. Whinston (eds.), Data Base Management: Theory and Applications, vii-viii.
Copyright © 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.
INTRODUCTION
viii
aids in building application software. The last section
includes case examples of data base oriented application
systems and·an exploration of considerations that are
important when evaluating decision support implementation.
The meeting organizers would like to express our
appreciation to the N.A.T.O. Scientific Affairs Division,
especially Dr. Mario di Lullo, for its invaluable assistance
and support in the organization of the meeting. Support was
also received from the Center for Econometrics and Decision
Sciences at the University of Florida, especially Professor
G. S. Maddala; the European Research Office of the U.S. Army,
especially Dr. George M. Sokol; and the Management Information
Research Center, Krannert Graduate School of Management, at
Purdue University. Mrs. B. Kester of International Transfer of
Science and Technology was helpful in the selection of Estoril
as the site of the meeting and Dr. Rui Afonso Lucas of the
Instituto Nacional de Administracao (INA) was invaluable in
making the local arrangements. Steve Burd, George Schell and
Judy Swartz provided logistical and software support during the
meeting. Micro Data Base Systems provided the data base
software and Ditram provided the micro computers used at the
meeting, and we wish to express our thanks to both organizations.
Of course, the meeting could not have been a success without the
enthusiastic support of the lecturers and participants.
Clyde W. Holsapple
Department of Business Administration
University of Illinois
Champaign, Illinois 61820
U.S.A.
Andrew B. Whinston
Krannert Graduate School of
Management
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
U.S.A.
August 1982
I. CONCEPTUAL DATA MODELLING AND LOGICAL DATA BASE DESIGN
FOUNDATIONS OF THE CONCEPTUAL SCHEMA APPROACH TO INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Eckhard Falkenberg
Siemens AG, Munich, Germany
1. INTRODUCTION
This article is a contribution to the present dicussions
on the conceptual schema approach to data bases and information
systems.
Since the design of the conceptual schema plays an essential
role in every information system design process, it is necessary
to provide a theoretically and practically sound basis for the
notion of conceptual schema in general and for the concepts and
languages for conceptual schemas in particular. It is not suffi
cient to take an existing, conventional data base approach, to
rename it and call it conceptual schema approach.
The aim of this article is to introduce suitable, well
justified foundations for the conceptual schema approach.
Firstly, we discuss the notion of conceptual schema in the
framework of information systems. Secondly, we list some impor
tant requirements on information systems. These requirements
turn out to justify the determination of principles which
are finally applied to select suitable concepts for conceptual
schemas.
2. A FRAMEWORK FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS: UNIVERSE OF DISCOURSE,
ENVIRONMENT AND CONCEPTUAL SCHEMA
That part of the real world which is of interest for a
specific information system, is called its universe of discourse
3
c.
W. Holsapple and A. B. Whinston (eds.), Data Base Management: Theory and Applications, 3-17.
Copyright © 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.