DARK MATTER IN COSMOLOGY QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS EXPERIMENTAL GRA VITA Tl ...

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DARK MATTER IN COSMOLOGY
QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS
EXPERIMENTAL GRAV ITA Tl ON
Matiere Noire et Cosmologie - Mesures Quantiques
Gravitation Experimentale
XVlth Moriond Worshop
Les Arcs, Savoie, France -January 20-27, 1996
Dark Matter in Cosmology -Quantum Measurements
Experimental Gravitation
Series : Moriond Workshops
ISBN 2-86332-203-6
©Copyright 1996 by Editions Frontieres
righrtess erved.
All
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EDITIONS FRONTIERES
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91192
Printed in Singapore
Proceedings of the XXXlst
RENCONTRES DE MORIOND
Series : Moriond Workshops
Les Arcs, Savoie, France January 1996
20-27,
DARK MATTER IN COSMOLOGY
QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS
EXPERIMENTAL GRAVITATION
edited by
R. Ansari ('
Y. Giraud-Heraud
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J. Tran Thanh Van
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EDITIONS
FRONTIERES
IV
XVlth Moriond Workshop
Dark Matter in Cosmology - Quantum Measurements
Experimental Gravitation
was organized by
J. Tran Thanh Van (Orsay)
with the active collaboration of :
Adelberger (Seattle)
E.
R. Ansari (Orsay)
G. Chardin (Saclay)
T. Damour (/HESB,u res/Yvette)
Fackler (Livermore)
0.
G. Fontaine (Paris)
G. Gerbier (Sac/ay)
Y. Giraud-Heraud (Paris)
G. Greene (LoAsl amos)
Guiderdoni (Paris)
B.
S. Haroche (Paris)
Hinds (Cambridge)
E.
J. Kaplan (Paris)
J.-M. Raimond (Paris)
Sadoulet (Berkeley)
B.
v
96' RENCONTRES DE MORIOND
The XXXIst Rencontres de Moriond were held in 1996 in Les Arcs 1800, Savoie, France.
The first meeting took place at Moriond in the French Alps in 1966. There, experimental
as well as theoretical physicists not only shared their scientific preoccupations but also the
household chores. The participants in the first meeting were mainly French physicists
interested in electromagnetic interactions. In the following years, a session on high energy
strong interactions was also added.
The main purpose of these meetings is to discuss recent developments in contemporary
physics and also to promote effective collaboration between experimentalists and
theorists in the field of elementary particle physics. By bringing together a relatively small
number of participants, the meeting helps to develop better human relations as well as a
more thorough and detailed discussion of the contributions.
This concern of research and experimentation of new channels of communication and
dialogue which from the start animated the Moriond meetings, inspired us to organize a
simultaneous meeting of biologists on Cell Differenciation (1970) and to create the
Moriond Astrophysics Meeting (1981). In the same spirit, we have started a new series on
Condensed Matter Physics in January 1994. Common meetings between biologists,
astrophysicists, condensed matter physicists and high energy physicists are organized to
study the implications of the advances from one field into the others. I hope that these
conferences and lively discussions may give birth to new analytical methods or new
mathematical languages.
At the XXXIst Rencontres de Moriond in 1996, four physics sessions, one astrophysics
session and one biology session were held :
*January 20-27 "Dark matter in cosmology, Quantum measurements and
Experimental gravitation.
"Correlated fermions and transport in mesoscopic systems"
*March "Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories"
16-23
"Microwave background Anisotropies"
* March 23-30 "QCD and High Energy Hadronic Interactions"
" Rencontre de Biologie -Meribel "
Vl
I thank the organizers of the XXXIst Rencontres de Moriond :
-E. Adelberger, R. Ansari, G. Chardin, T. Damour, 0. Fackler, G. Fontaine, G.
Gerbier, Giraud-Heraud, G. Greene , B. Guiderdoni, S. Haroche, E. Hinds, J.
Y.
Kaplan, J-M. Raimond, B. Sadoulet for the session Dark matter in cosmology,
Quantum measurements and Experimental gravitation,
-T. Jolicoeur, T. Martin, G. Montambaux, B. Pannetier for the session Correlated
fermions and transport in mesoscopic systems
-P. Binetruy, A. Blonde!, R. Cahn, G. Coignet, L. Fayard, P. Fayet, J.-M. Frere, H.
Frisch, L. Krauss, L. Okun, S. Loucatos, C. Savoy and G. Una! for the Electroweak
Interaction session,
-M. Bersanelli, F.R. Bouchet, M. Giard, R. Gispert, B. Guiderdoni, J.-M. Lamarre,
N. Mandolesi, J.-L. Puget, J. Tauber for the Microwave background Anisotropies
session,
-E. Auge, P. Aurenche, E. Berger, A. Capella, D. Denegri, B. Klima, L. Kluberg, L.
McLerran, L. Montanet, B. Pietrzyck, D. Schiff, and C. Voltolini for the QCD and
Hadronic Interaction session,
- F. Fabre, M. Fellous, P.-M. Guyon, I. Oliveri and K. Tran Thanh Van for the
Biology meeting.
and the conference secretaries: G. Ambonati, C. Andrews, N. Bachala, J.M. Ballocchi,
C. Barthelemy, L. Besson, R. Bilhaut, C. Cohas-Bogey, Gattignon, D. Larcher, D.
Y.
Levaillant, H. Mauger, F. N. Osswald,, J. Raguideau, A. M. Renault-Perrin, J. Schmitt
and F. Warin.
I am also grateful to Mr. E. Rocca-Serra, Ms. C. Dufourny, Ms. S. Kovalevsky who
contributed through their hospitality and cooperation to the well-being of the
participants enabling them to work in a relaxed atmosphere.
These Rencontres were sponsored by the European Union Human Capital and
Mobility Programme, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (INSU, SPM
and FP), the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
(IN2P3), the Commissariat l'Energie Atomique (DAPNIA, DRECAM), the Ministere
a
de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (programme ACCESS) and the
International Science Foundation. I would like to express my thanks for their
encouraging support.
I sincerely wish that a fruitful exchange and an efficient collaboration between the
physicists, the astrophysicists and the biologists will arise from these Rencontres as
from the previous ones.
Tran Thanh Van
J.
vii
CONTENTS
'96 Rencontres de Moriond v
I. DARK MATTER
Why do we need non baryonic dark matter? A. Olive 3
K.
Weak lensing as a probe of dark matter. L. Van Waerbeke 25
Particle dark matter review. G. fungman 33
Phenomenological introduction to direct dark matter detection. P. Gondola 41
Particle dark matter direct detection. L. Mosca 53
Dark matter search with a 24 G sapphire bolometer and neutron
background measurements in the underground laboratory
of Modane. V. Chazal 65
Status of the CRESST dark matter search. L. Zerle 73
WIMPS search with Te02 thermal detectors : first results of the
Milano-Gran Sasso experiment. M. Pavan 77
Search for spin-coupled dark matter by means of large volume
scintillators. K. Fushimi 81
New limits to interaction rates from the UK dark matter
experiment. T. Ali 85
Indirect detection of supersymmetric dark matter. L. Bergstrom 91
WIMP annihilations in the sun and in the earth. J. Edsjo 101
The NESTOR experiment. Y. Sacquin 105
Status of the projects BAIKAL and AMANDA. C. H. Spiering 109
Can atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes resolve the dark matter
problem? E. Pare 117
Indirect detection of WIMPs with cosmic ray positrons
and antiprotons : current status and future prospects. G. Tarle 125
HERON as a dark matter detector? R.E.Lanou 131
Dark matter in early-type galaxies. W. Forman 137
SUSY SM and SUSY GUT axions as dark matter. J.L u 143
Recent results from the LEP 1.5 run at CERN. E.L anr;on 149
II. STRUCTURE FORMATION AND COSMOLOGY
Observational constraints on Q and H0• f. S. Bag/a 157
Galaxy formation : the linear theory. M.L achieze-Rey 163
The distribution of matter around luminous galaxies. W. H. Zurek 177
Large-scale structure formation in the quasi-linear regime. F. Bernardeau 187
The strongly non-linear regime and N-body simulations. S. Colombi 199
Hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation. G. Tormen 207
viii
The SLOAN digital sky survey : status and prospects. /.Loveday 215
The DENIS and 2MASS near infrared surveys and their
applications in cosmology. G. Mamon 225
The COBRAS/SAMBA space project. N. Mandolesi 233
What can we still learn from the cosmic background radiation? f. Delabrouille 241
Measurement of q0 with Type Ia Supernovae. R. Pain 247
On physically self-consistent basis for large scale structure
formation theory. M. Y. Khlopov 255
III. QUANTUM MEASUREMENT
A precision test of decoherence. W. H. Zurek 263
Propensities : Measuring quantum states with quantum rulers. P.L . Knight 271
Quantum measurement and regeneration of a single
superposition state. Y. Yamamoto 281
A macroscopic mechanical oscillator at the quantum limit level :
a practical scheme. F. Ricci 289
New aspects of neutron optics. R. Golub 293
Quantum error correction. A. M. Steane 305
Clock synchronisation with quantum fields. S. Reynaud 309
Motion induced radiation from a vibrating cavity. A. Lambrecht 317
Measurement of the Casimir force in an optical cavity with a
resonant transduction scheme. P. Puppo 325
Data security and quantum mechanics. A. Ekert 329
Dissipation and quantum mechanics with trapped ions. f. Cirac 333
I.
Quantum computing : dream or nightmare. f. M. Raimond
S. Haroche 341
&
IV. EXPERIMENTAL GRAVITATION
VIRGO -A laser interferometer for the detection of gravitational
waves. H. Heitmann 347
UGO project : an overview. A. Lazzarini 355
Laser interferometer space antenna (LISA). Y. fafry 363
Triaxial neutron stars -A possible source of gravitational
radiation. f. Frieben 369
Some new concepts for laser interferometer gravitational wave
detectors. R.W .P. Drever 375
Theoretical motivations for equivalence principle tests and
searches for new long-range forces. P. Fayet 379
Reducing systematic errors in LLR and Viking radar ranging
data. K. Nordtvedt 397
A lower bound on neutrino mass? E. Fischbach 405
Prospects for gravitational physics experiments with cryogenic
torsion balances. R. D. Newman 409
Search for anomalous coupling of spin to hypothetical non­
baryonic dark matter in our galaxy. R. Ritter 417
C.
ix
Precision measurements of small forces. M. Moore 423
W.
Plans for a redetermination of G. M. Bantel 429
A rotating torsion balance experiment to measure Newtons
constant G. f. H. Gundlach 435
V. SPECIAL LECTURES
Ten years of the fifth force. E. Fischbach 443
Desperately seeking the source of ultra high energy cosmic rays. L. M. Celnikier 453
Resumes en Fran�ais 465
List of Participants 475