Cytokines in the Nervous System

215 Pages·1996·6.053 MB·English

by  Nancy J. Rothwell (auth.)

NEUROSCIENCE
INTELLIGENCE
UNIT
CYTOKINES
IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
J.
Nancy Rothwell
University of Manchester
Manchester, United Kingdom
.~.
T
Springer
New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris RG. LANDES COMPANY
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AUSTIN
NEUROSCIENCE INTElliGENCE UNIT
CYTOKINES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
R.G. LANDES COMPANY
Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
International Copyright © 1996 Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996
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Springer
International ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9697-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9695-0
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9695-0
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DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to the memory of Frank
Beerkenbosch-one of the major contributors to cytokine neu
robiology, an outstanding scientist and a valued friend who is
sadly missed.
CONTENTS
ir================ ====::::::;-]
1. Introduction ............................................................................... 1
Nancy J Rothwell
2. Cytokines in the Brain ................................................................ 3
Ma-Li Wong, Amer AI-Shekhlee, Philip W. Gold and Julio Licinio
Introduction ......................................................................................... 3
Interleukin-l ......................................................................................... 4
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) .............................................................. 9
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) ............................................................................ 10
Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) .................................................. 11
Other Interleukins and Interferons (IFNs) .......................................... 12
Concluding Remarks .......................................................................... 13
3. Interleukin-1 Receptors in the Nervous System ........................ 21
Changlu Liu, Toshihiro Takao, Kozo Hashimoto and Errol B. De Souza
Introduction ....................................................................................... 21
Molecular Biological Characteristics ofIL-l Receptors ........................ 22
Radioligand Binding Characteristics ofIL-l Receptors in Brain .......... 24
Relative Distribution of IL-l Receptor and IL-l Receptor mRNA
in Mouse and Rat Brain ................................................................... 25
Modulation of IL-l Receptors in Brain and Periphery Following
Endotoxin Treatment ...................................................................... 31
Summary ............................................................................................ 34
4. Cytokine Involvement in Sleep Responses to Infection
and Physiological Sleep ............................................................. 41
James M Krueger
Introduction ....................................................................................... 41
Sleep During Infection ........................................................................ 44
Interleukin-l (IL-l) ............................................................................ 47
Tumor Necrosis Factor a (TNF-a) ..................................................... 51
Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor ......................................................... 54
Interferons (IFNs) ............................................................................... 54
Other Cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IL-I0 ................................................ 55
Thermoregulation and Sleep ............................................................... 56
Mechanisms of Cytokine Induced Sleep .............................................. 57
Humoral Mechanisms of Sleep and Sleep Function ............................ 58
5. Cytokine Actions on Fever ........................................................ 73
Matthew J Kluger, Lisa R. Leon, Wieslaw Kozak,
Dariusz Soszynski and Carole A. Conn
Fever ................................................................................................... 73
IL-113 and IL-l a and Fever .................................................................. 73
Summary of IL-l Data ........................................................................ 78
Summary ofIL-6 Data ........................................................................ 80
Summary ofTNF Data ....................................................................... 85
Summary ............................................................................................ 86
6. Cytokine Effects on Neuroendocrine Axes: Influence
of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide ..................................... 93
Andrew V. Turnbull and Catherine Rivier
Immune-Neuroendocrine Interaction as a Mechanism
of Host Defense ............................................................................... 93
Cytokines and Neuroendocrine Secretion ........................................... 94
Influence of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide
on Neuroendocrine Axes ................................................................ 101
Conclusions ...................................................................................... 107
7. Cytokine Actions on Behavior ................................................ 117
Robert Dantzer, Rose-Marie Bluthi, Arnaud Aubert, Glyn Goodall,
Jean-Luc Bret-Dibat, Stephen Kent, Emmanuelle Goujon,
Sophie Laye, Patricia Parnet and Keith W. Kelley
Introduction ..................................................................................... 117
Cytokines Induce Sickness Behavior ................................................. 118
Motivational Aspects of Sickness Behavior ........................................ 123
Mechanisms of the Behavioral Effects of Cytokines ........................... 126
Pathophysiological Implications of the Behavioral Effects
ofCytokines .................................................................................. 137
Conclusion ........................................................................................ 140
8. The Role ofCytokines in Neurodegeneration ......................... 145
Nancy J Rothwell
Introduction ..................................................................................... 145
Cytokine Expression is Increased in Neurodegenerative
Conditions ..................................................................................... 146
Effects of Cytokines Relevant to Neurodegeneration ......................... 147
Involvement of Cytokines in Acute N eurodegeneration .................... 149
Mechanisms of Action of Cytokines in Neurodegeneration ............... 150
Involvement ofCytokines in Chronic Neurodegeneration ................ 152
Evidence for a Role of Cytokines in Alzheimer's Disease ................... 153
Pharmacological Approaches to Cytokine Modulation ...................... 154
Summary and Conclusions ............................................................... 155
9. Cytokines as Therapeutic Agents in Neurological
Disorders ................................................................................ 163
D. Martin, JK Relton, G. Miller, A. Bendele, N. Fischer
and D. Russell
Therapeutic Applications for Drugs Modulating Cytokine Systems .. 163
Interleukin-l ..................................................................................... 165
Cerebral Ischemia and Related Disorders .......................................... 166
Evidence for Cytokine Production in the Ischemic Brain .................. 167
Effects of Cytokine Inhibitors on Brain Ischemia .............................. 168
Head Trauma ................................................................................... 169
Alzheimer's Disease ........................................................................... 169
10. Cytokines and Nociception ..................................................... 179
MN. Perkins and A.J Davis
Cytokines and Nociception in the CNS ............................................ 179
Cytokines and the Peripheral Nervous System .................................. 182
Summary and Conclusions ............................................................... 194
Index .............................................................................................. 203
r;:::::=====
EDITOR====~
Nancy]. Rothwell
School of Biological Sciences
University of Manchester
Manchester, United Kingdom
Chapters 1,8
I=======CONTRIBUTORS=====I
Arnaud Aubert Robert Dantzer
INRA-INSERM INRA-INSERM
Bordeaux Cedex, France Bordeaux Cedex, France
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
A. Bendele A. J. Davis
Department of Inflammation Sandoz Institute for Medical Research
Amgen Inc. London, U.K.
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. Chapter 10
Chapter 9
Errol B. De Souza
Rose-Marie Bluthe Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.
INRA-INSERM San Diego, California, U.S.A.
Bordeaux Cedex, France Chapter 3
Chapter 7
N. Fischer
Jean-Luc Bret-Dibat Department of Inflammation
INRA-INSERM Amgen Inc.
Bordeaux Cedex, France Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.
Chapter 7 Chapter 9
Carole A. Conn Philip W. Gold
Institute for Basic and Applied Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch
Medical Research National Institute of Mental Health
The Lovelace Institutes National Institutes of Health
Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A. Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
Chapter 5 Chapter 2
Glyn Goodall James M. Krueger
INRA-INSERM Department of Physiology
Bordeaux Cedex, France and Biophysics
Chapter 7 University of Tennessee, Memphis
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Emmanuelle Goujon Chapter 4
INRA-INSERM
Bordeaux Cedex, France Sophie Laye
Chapter 7 INRA-INSERM
Bordeaux Cedex, France
Kozo Hashimoto Chapter 7
Second Department ofInternal
Medicine Lisa R. Leon
Kochi Medical School Institute for Basic and Applied
Kohasu, Okoh-cho, Nankoku, Japan Medical Research
Chapter 3 The Lovelace Institutes
Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Keith W. Kelley Chapter 5
University of Illinois
Department of Animal Sciences Julio Licinio
Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch
Chapter 7 National Institute of Mental Health
National Institutes of Health
Stephen Kent Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
INRA-INSERM Chapter 2
Bordeaux Cedex, France
Chapter 7 Changlu Liu
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.
Matthew J. Kluger San Diego, California, U.S.A.
Institute for Basic and Applied Chapter 3
Medical Research
The Lovelace Institutes D. Martin
Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A. Department of Inflammation
Chapter 5 Amgen Inc.
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.
Wieslaw Kozak Chapter 9
Institute for Basic and Applied
Medical Research
The Lovelace Institutes
Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Chapter 5
G. Miller Amer Al-Shekhlee
Department of Inflammation Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch
Amgen Inc. National Institute of Mental Health
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. National Institutes of Health
Chapter 9 Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
Chapter 2
Patricia Parnet
INRA-INSERM Dariusz Soszynski
Bordeaux Cedex, France Institute for Basic and Applied
Chapter 7 Medical Research
The Lovelace Institutes
M.N. Perkins Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Sandoz Institute for Medical Research Chapter 5
London, u.K.
Chapter 10 T oshihiro T akao
Second Department ofInternal
J.K. Relton Medicine
Department of Inflammation Kochi Medical School
Amgen Inc. Kohasu, Okoh-cho, Nankoku, Japan
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. Chapter 3
Chapter 9
Andrew v. Turnbull
Catherine Rivier The Clayton Foundation Laboratories
The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology
for Peptide Biology The Salk Institute
The Salk Institute La Jolla, California, U.S.A.
La Jolla, California, U.S.A. Chapter 6
Chapter 6
Ma-Li Wong
D. Russell Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch
Department of Inflammation National Institute of Mental Health
Amgen Inc. National Institutes of Health
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
Chapter 9 Chapter 2