Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice PDF
Preview Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice
Cyberactivism Cyberactivism Online Activism in Theory and Practice EDITED BY Martha McCaughey AND Michael D. Ayers ROUTLEDGE NEW YORK & LONDON Published in 2003 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 www.routledge-ny.com Published in Great Britain by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN www.routledge.co.uk Copyright © 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, with- out permission in writing from the publisher. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cyberactivism : online activism in theory and practice / edited by Martha McCaughey and Michael D. Ayers. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–415–94319–1 (alk. paper) — ISBN 0–415–94320–5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Internet—Social aspects. 2. Internet—Political aspects. 3. Social movements. 4. Protest movements. 5. Social action. I. McCaughey, Martha, 1966– II. Ayers, Michael D. HM851 .C93 2003 303.48'33—dc21 2002031834 Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Martha McCaughey and Michael D. Ayers Part I CYBER-SOCIAL MOVEMENTS EMERGING ONLINE 1. Internet Protests, from Text to Web 25 Laura J. Gurak and John Logie 2. Indymedia.org: A New Communications Commons 47 Dorothy Kidd 3. Classifying Forms of Online Activism: The Case of 71 Cyberprotests against the World Bank Sandor Vegh v vi Contents 4. The Radicalization of Zeke Spier: How the Internet 97 Contributes to Civic Engagement and New Forms of Social Capital Larry Elin Part II THEORIZING ONLINE ACTIVISM 5. Democracy, New Social Movements, and the Internet: 117 A Habermasian Analysis Lee Salter 6. Comparing Collective Identity in Online and Offline 145 Feminist Activists Michael D. Ayers 7. Mapping Networks of Support for the Zapatista Movement: 165 Applying Social-Networks Analysis to Study Contemporary Social Movements Maria Garrido and Alexander Halavais 8. Identifying with Information: Citizen Empowerment, the 185 Internet, and the Environmental Anti-Toxins Movement Wyatt Galusky Part III CAUTIONARY READINGS OF COMMUNITY, EMPOWERMENT, AND CAPITALISM ONLINE 9. Wiring Human Rights Activism: Amnesty International 209 and the Challenges of Information and Communication Technologies Joanne Lebert 10. Ethnic Online Communities: Between Profit and Purpose 233 Steven McLaine Contents vii 11. Gay Media, Inc.: Media Structures, the New Gay 255 Conglomerates, and Collective Sexual Identities Joshua Gamson Epilogue: Current Directions and Future Questions 279 David Silver About the Contributors 293 Index 299 Acknowledgments We wish to thank Matthew Byrnie at Routledge, Megan Boler at Virginia Tech, Richard Widick at UCSB, and Christina French, all of whom offered helpful feedback on this project. Thanks especially to David Silver for his unending enthusiasm for cyberculture studies and his support for this project specifically. ix
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