Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: Primordial Cosmology PDF
Preview Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: Primordial Cosmology
Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: Primordial Cosmology NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Serles A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board 01 publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientilic Affairs Division A Life Sclences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and Physlcal Sclences Kluwer Academic Publishers D Behavioural and Social Sclences Dordrecht, Boston and London E Applled Sclences F Computer and Systems Sclences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sclences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Blology Paris and Tokyo I Global Envlronmental Change PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1. Dlsarmament Technologles Kluwer Academic Publishers 2. Envlronment Springer-Verlag I Kluwer Academic Publishers 3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. Sclence and Technology Pollcy Kluwer Academic Publishers 5. Computer Networklng Kluwer Academic Publishers The Partnership Sub-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with NATO's Cooperation Partners, the countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe, in Priority Areas of concern to those countries. NATo-PCo-DATA BASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides lull bibliographical relerences (with keywords andlor abstracts) to more than 50000 contributions Irom international scientists published in aII sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible in two ways: - via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO-DATA BASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 1-00044 Frascati, Italy. - via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DAT A BASE" with user-lriendly retrieval software in English, French and German (@WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member 01 the Board 01 Publishers or through NATO PCO, Overijse, Belgium. Serles C: Mathematical and Physical Sclences - VoI. 511 Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: Primordial Cosmology edited by N. Sânchez Observatoire de Paris Demirm, Paris, France and A. Zichichi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland .. Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Proceedings of the NAT O Advanced Study Institute on Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: Primordial Cosmology Erice, Italy 4-15 September 1997 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-94-010-6119-3 ISBN 978-94-011-5046-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5046-0 Printed an acid-tree paper AII Rights Reserved © 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1998 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ix DEDICATION OF THE 6TH COURSE TO ABDUS SALAM xix I. THE EARLY UNIVERSE Covariant Analysis of Dynamics and of CBR Anisotropy G.F.R. ELLIS and P.K.S. DUNSBY 3 Recent Progress in String Cosmology N. SANCHEZ 35 Reheating in Inflationary Cosmology A LINDE 69 Out of Equilibrium Fields in Inflationary Dynamics. Density Fluctuations D. BOYANOVSKY, D. CORMIER, H.J. DE VEGA, R. HOLMAN and S.P. KUMAR 119 Kinetic Theory of Hot Gauge Theories: Overview, Details & Extensions R.D. PISARSKI 195 Electroweak Phase Transition in the Early Universe? B. BERGERHOFF and C. WETTERICH 211 Limits on Cosmological Magnetic Fields and Other Anisotropic Stresses J.D. BARROW 241 Varying G and Other Constants J.D. BARROW 269 II. COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Science G.F. SMOOT 309 The Cosmic Microwave Background AN. LASENBY and AW. JONES 325 VI Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background: Results and Prospects A KOGUT 359 Large-Scale Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background A KOGUT 377 Recent Developments in the Calculation of CMB Anisotropies AD. CHALLINOR and AN. LASENBY 409 "Dark Ages" of the Universe Y. PATRIJSKIJ, A KOPYLOV, N. SOBOLEVA, O. VERKHODANOV, A TEMIROVA, O. ZHELENKOVA, P. TCIBULEV, A CHEPURNOV, V. STOLYAROVand N. BURSOV 443 III. LARGE SCALE STRUCTURE, DARK MATTER Status of Cosmological Parameters J.R. PRIMACK 469 The Direct Detection of Dark Matter B. SADOULET 517 Signatures of Quantum Gravity in the Large-Scale Universe L.P. GRISHCHUK 539 Tidal Interaction of a Star with a Supermassive Black Hole I.D. NOVIKOV 559 IV. FRACTALS AND SCALING LAWS IN ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY Correlations Associated with Critical Phenomena H.E. STANLEY 575 Fractality, Lacunarity, and the Near-Isotropic Distribution of Galaxies B.B. MANDELBROT 583 Correlation Properties of the Large Scale Matter Distribution and Galaxy Number Counts L. PIETRONERO, F. SYLOS LABINI and M. MONTUORI 603 Fractal Dimensions and Scaling Laws in the Interstellar Medium and Galaxy Distributions: A New Field Theory Approach H.J. DE VEGA, N. SANCHEZ and F. COMBES 647 VII v. NEUTRINOS IN ASTROPHYSICS Neutrino Cosmology A.D. DOLGOV 685 Solar and Supernova Constraints of Cosmologically Interesting Neutrinos W.C. HAXTON 703 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE INSTITUTE 729 AUTHOR INDEX 743 PREFACE This NATO Advanced Study Institute course provided an updated understanding, from a fundamental and deep point of view, of the progress and current problems in the early universe, cosmic microwave background radiation, large-scale struc ture, dark matter problem, and the interplay between them. Emphasis was placed on the mutual impact of fundamental physics and cosmology, both at the theo retical and experimental or observational levels, within a deep and well defined programme, and a global unifying view, which, in addition, provides of careful inter-disciplinarity. In addition, each course of this series introduced and promoted topics or sub jects which, although not of a purely astrophysical or cosmological nature, were of relevant physical interest for astrophysics and cosmology. Deep understanding, clarification, synthesis, and careful interdisciplinarity within a fundamental physics framework, were the main goals of the course. Lectures ranged from a motivation and pedagogical introduction for students and participants not directly working in the field to the latest developments and most recent results. All lectures were plenary, had the same duration, and were followed by a discus sion. The course brought together experimentalists and theoreticans physicists, astro physicists and astronomers from a wide variety of backgrounds, including young scientists at the post-doctoral level, senior scientists and advanced graduate stu dents as well. By the nature of the domain itself, there were different aspects, approaches and points of view (sometimes complementary to each other, sometimes in contra diction), to same topic or subject. Special care was taken to provide the students with the grounds for the different lines of research in competition (and not just via one approach). Participants had an excellent opportunity to learn about the real state of the discipline, and to learn about it in a critical way. All lectures took place at the up AM. Dirac" Lecture Hall at the San Domenico Institute. There were three lectures in the morning and three in the afternoon. Each lecture was followed by a 15-minutes discussion. The discussion sessions were as important as the lectures themselves. A special visit to the PAM. Dirac Museum and to the Daniel Chalonge Museum took place during the Closing ses sion of the course. ix x The 6th course on "Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics" was dedicated to Professor Abdus SALAM (29.1.1926-21.x1.1996). A section below this volume is devoted to this event. This course was also placed within the framework of the International Celebrations of the "Centenary of the Discovery of Radioactivity (1896-1898 / 1996-1998). Henri Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie". A special Exhibition was displayed at the Chalonge Museum on this subject, including material and pictu a res from the Haut Comite National Fran9ais, the Commissariat l'Energie Atomique and the Musee Curie at Paris. Also, a special postmark has been produced by the Italian Postoffice for the Chalonge School on this occasion. Letters and postcards were stamped with this celebration postmark at the temporary Post Office installed at the San Domenico Institute, and afterwards at the Erice and Trapani Post Offices. We wish to express our gratitude to the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and to Dr. Luis Veiga da Cunha, for their generous and efficient support and we specially thank the Training and Mobility Programme-Euroconferences- of the Commission of European Communities and Mr. Edward Whitehead also for their generous and efficient support. Our grateful thanks are expressed to all the lectures who did so much to make this course succesful, and to participants and lecturers for contributing so much to the outstanding discussions and for creating such a stimulating atmosphere during the course. We specially thank the reception secretaries, Mrs Nicole Letourneur, Jean Pierre Michel, Nathalie Grabar, and the scientific secretaries of the course, Inigo Egusquiza, Maria Cristina Falvella, Maria Pilar Infante, Arne Larsen and Juan Ramon Pardo, for their efficient assistance throughout the course. We also extend our appreciation to Kluwer Academic Publishers, Science and Technology Division, for their cooperation and efficiency in publishing these pro ceedings. N. Sanchez Director of the Course Observatoire de Paris-Demirm, 61 Av. de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris Tel: 33 1 4051 2221. Telefax: 33 1 4051 2002 [email protected]://www.obspm.fr/chalonge Ettore Majorana Centre, Via Guarnotta 26, 91016 Erice, Italy Tel: 39-923-8691 33. Telefax: 39-923-86 92 26. [email protected]://ccsem.infn.it GAll LEO GALILEI FOUNDATION WORLD FEDERATION OF SCIENTISTS ETTORE MAJORANA FOUNDATION AND CENTRE FOR SCIENTIFIC CULTURE GAL/LEO GAL/LEI CELEBRATIONS Four Centuries Since the Birth of MODERN SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF ASTROPHYSICS "D.CHALONGE" 6th Course: CURRENT TOPICS IN ASTROFUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS A NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE EUROSCHOOL ERICE-SICILV: 4-15 SEPTEMBER 1997 Sponsored by the: • Commission of the European Communities • French Ministry of Foreign Affairs • French Ministry of National Education and Scientific Research • Italian Ministry of Education • Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research • Sicilian Regional Government
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