Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering Series Editor: Professor Ashok Pandey Centrefor Innovation and Translational Research CSIR-IndianInstitute ofToxicology Research Lucknow,India & Sustainability Cluster School of Engineering University ofPetroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun, India Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering Filamentous Fungi Biorefinery Edited by Mohammad J. Taherzadeh Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden Jorge A. Ferreira Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden Ashok Pandey Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2023ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,without permissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthe Publisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearance CenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. 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ISBN:978-0-323-91872-5 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:SusanDennis EditorialProjectManager:HelenaBeauchamp ProductionProjectManager:KiruthikaGovindaraju CoverDesigner:MatthewLimbert TypesetbySTRAIVE,India Contributors Ruchi Agrawal The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Haryana, India Hamid Amiri Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology; EnvironmentalResearch Institute, University ofIsfahan,Isfahan,Iran K. Amulya Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-IndianInstitute of Chemical Technology,Hyderabad, India Elisabet Aranda Institute of Water Research; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada,Granada, Spain Mohammadtaghi Asadollahzadeh Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s,Bora˚s,Sweden AparnaBanerjeeCentro de investigacio´n en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrector´ıa de Investigacio´n Y Posgrado, Universidad Cato´lica del Maule, Talca, Chile Parameswaran Binod Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala,India KamalpreetKaurBrarDepartmentofCivilEngineering,LassondeSchoolofEngineering, YorkUniversity,Toronto,ON;IndustrialWasteTechnologyCenter,AbitibiTemiscamingue, QC, Canada Gu€lru Bulkan Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden GustavoCabrera-BarjasUniversidaddeConcepcio´n,UnidaddeDesarrolloTecnolo´gico (UDT), Coronel, Chile Marta Cebria´n AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnolo´gico de Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain Chiu-WenChenDepartmentofMarineEnvironmentalEngineering,NationalKaohsiung University of Scienceand Technology,Kaohsiung City, Taiwan xiii xiv Contributors Eduardo Coelho CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Gabriela A´ngeles de Paz Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain (cid:2) (cid:2) Cedric Delattre Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand; Institut Universitairede France(IUF), Paris, France Ratih Dewanti-Hariyadi Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor,Indonesia Luc´ılia Domingues CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Cheng-DiDongDepartmentofMarineEnvironmentalEngineering,NationalKaohsiung University ofScience and Technology, Kaohsiung City,Taiwan (cid:2) PascalDubessayUniversiteClermont Auvergne,ClermontAuvergneINP,CNRS,Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France (cid:2) Laurent Dufosse Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products (CHEMBIOPRO), University ofReunion Island, ESIROI Food Science,Saint-Denis Cedex9, Reunion Island,France Jorge A. Ferreira Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden Shakuntala Ghorai Department of Microbiology, RaidighiCollege, Raidighi, India Daniel G. Gomes CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Sharareh Harirchi Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden; Department ofCelland MolecularBiology &Microbiology,Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University ofIsfahan,Isfahan,Iran Jone Ibarruri AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnolo´gico de Bizkaia,Derio, Bizkaia, Spain SajjadKarimiSwedishCentreforResourceRecovery,UniversityofBora˚s,Bora˚s,Sweden VinodKumarSchoolofWater,Energy,andEnvironment,CranfieldUniversity,Cranfield, United Kingdom Patrik Roland Lennartsson Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden Hanifah Nuryani Lioe Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor,Indonesia Contributors xv Sara Magdouli Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto,ON;Industrial Waste Technology Center, AbitibiTemiscamingue, QC, Canada Manikharda Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas GadjahMada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia (cid:2) PhilippeMichaudUniversiteClermontAuvergne,ClermontAuvergneINP,CNRS,Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France MarziehMohammadiSwedishCentreforResourceRecovery,UniversityofBora˚s,Bora˚s, Sweden Rafael Leo´n Morcillo Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Soumya Mukherjee University of Toledo, Toledo,OH, United States Vivek Narisetty School of Water, Energy, and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield,United Kingdom Seyyed Vahid Niknezhad Burn and Wound Healing Research Center; Pharmaceutical SciencesResearch Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran Ashok Pandey Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute ofToxicology Research, Lucknow; Sustainability Cluster,School ofEngineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies,Dehradun,India Mohsen Parchami Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden AnilKumarPatelDepartmentofMarineEnvironmentalEngineering;InstituteofAquatic Scienceand Technology,National Kaohsiung University of Scienceand Technology, Kaohsiung City,Taiwan (cid:2) GuillaumePierreUniversiteClermontAuvergne,ClermontAuvergneINP,CNRS,Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France Endang Sutriswati Rahayu Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, UniversitasGadjahMada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia G.RenukaDepartmentofMicrobiology,PingleGovernmentDegreeCollegeforWomen, Warangal, India SaddysRodriguez-LlamazaresCentrode Investigacio´n de Pol´ımeros Avanzados(CIPA), EdificioLaboratorio CIPA,Concepcio´n, Chile Neda Rousta Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden xvi Contributors TanerSarSwedish Centrefor ResourceRecovery, University of Bora˚s,Bora˚s,Sweden Behzad Satari Department of Food Technology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ulises Conejo Saucedo Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ZohresadatShahryariSwedishCentreforResourceRecovery,UniversityofBora˚s,Bora˚s, Sweden; AvidzymeCompany, Shiraz,Iran Pooja Sharma Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II,Campusfor Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore,Singapore RuiSilva CEB—Centre ofBiological Engineering,University ofMinho,Braga, Portugal Raveendran Sindhu Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Scienceand Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India Reeta Rani Singhania Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University ofScience and Technology, Kaohsiung City,Taiwan Mohammad J. Taherzadeh Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden (cid:2) Jose A. Teixeira CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Sunita Varjani Gujarat Pollution Control Board,Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India S. Venkata Mohan Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Energy and EnvironmentalEngineering,CSIR-IndianInstitute ofChemical Technology, Hyderabad, India Rachma Wikandari Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas GadjahMada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia AkramZamaniSwedishCentreforResourceRecovery,UniversityofBora˚s,Bora˚s,Sweden Preface Advances in Filamentous Fungi Biorefinery is a book in the Elsevier series on Current DevelopmentsinBiotechnologyandBioengineering(Editor-in-Chief:AshokPandey).This book explores various fundamental and industrial aspects of filamentous fungi for the manufactureof different products used in our society. Fungi are part of the ecosystem, and the world would look totally different without them. Most people know only mushrooms and their fruiting bodies as fungi. However, themainfungalbiomassistheirfilaments,whichcanhavemanyapplications.Filamen- tousfungicangrowonalargevariety ofmaterials thatcontaincarbohydrates,proteins, fats,etc.,bydegradingthemacromoleculesandthenassimilatingthemonomerstogrow andproducevariousenzymesandmetabolites.Thismeansthattherearealargenumber ofsubstratesonwhichtogrowfungi,from agriculturalandforestresidualsto industrial residualsandproducts,tohouseholdwastesandwastewaters.Dependingontheecosys- temandtheenvironmentalorcultivationconditions,fungicangrowinvariousmorphol- ogies,andmanyfungalstrainsaredimorphic,meaningthattheycangrowbothlikeyeast and filaments. In addition, they can grow in various environmental conditions, such as aerobicoranaerobic.Theyadapttheirenzymemachineryasrequiredtotheseconditions, producing avarietyof metabolites that arenecessaryfor the fungito grow. Asfungigrowonalargenumberofsubstrates,theycanproducevariousextracellular enzymes such as hydrolytic enzymes to degrade biopolymers. Therefore, fungi are an industrial sourceofenzymeproduction. Ultimately,weshouldnotforgetthattheonlygoaloffungiistogrow.However,incer- tain conditions they can produce, for example, enzymes and/or various metabolites, whichcanbeusedasproducts.Bearinginmindthesinglegoaloffungi,oneoftheirmajor productsisalwaysfungalbiomassormycelium.Thisbiomassnormallycontainsprotein, fat,andotherbiopolymerssuchaschitosanorbeta-glucaninitscellwall,andavarietyof bioactivecompounds.Asaresult,thebiomassofmanyfilamentousfungicanbeagood source for food and feed. Some of these fungi, particularly among the zygomycetes and ascomycetes,areedibleandcanbeusedfordifferentfoodpreparationssuchastempeh, oncom,andkoji.However,thereisalsoaninterestnowadaysindevelopingnewfoodand feedsuchasfishfeedfromfungiasanenvironmentallyfriendlyandhealthyalternativeto meat, chicken, or even soy-based vegetarian products, for example. However, as some fungiproducemycotoxins,thefungalstrainandtheprocessconditionsshouldbechosen carefullyin orderto avoid any risks to humans oranimals. Theaimofthisbookistoexplorecomprehensivelytheadvancesinusingfilamentous fungi as the core of industrial biorefinery. The book provides a thorough overview and xvii