Crusade Preaching and the Ideal Crusader

344 Pages·2018·2.127 MB·English

by  Miikka Tamminen

Crusade Preaching and
the Ideal Crusader
SERMO: STUDIES ON PATRISTIC, MEDIEVAL, AND
REFORMATION SERMONS AND PREACHING
Editor
Regina D. Schiewer, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
Editorial Board
Roger Andersson, Stockholms universitet
Jussi Hanska, Tampereen yliopisto (University of Tampere)
Thom Mertens, Universiteit Antwerpen
Franco Morenzoni, Université de Genève
Veronica O’Mara, University of Hull
Anne Thayer, Lancaster Theological Seminary
Previously published volumes in this series are listed at the back of the book.
Volume 14
Crusade Preaching and
the Ideal Crusader
by
Miikka Tamminen
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The public domain image on the front cover of this book, London,
British Library, MS Royal 16 G VI, fol. 436v, is provided courtesy
of the British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts online
(https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts)
© 2018, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
D/2018/0095/83
ISBN: 978-2-503-57725-8
e-ISBN: 978-2-503-57726-5
DOI: 10.1484/M.SERMO-EB.5.113992
ISSN: 1784-8806
e-ISSN: 2295-2764
Printed in the EU on acid-free paper
Contents
Abbreviations vii
Acknowledgements ix
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Veri Crucesignati 1
Crusade Studies 5
The Authors of the Crusade Sermons 14
Spreading the Message 22
Primary Sources 24
Chapter 2: The Crusader and the Bible 45
The Shield of Joshua 45
The Dream of Judas Maccabaeus 59
From Patriarchs to Prostitutes 66
Biblical Prophecy 74
Chapter 3: The Crusader and God 91
In the Service of God 91
The Imitatio Christi 108
Bearing the Stigmata and Suffering with Christ 133
The Treasury of Christ’s Passion 143
Crusading Martyrdom 169
vi Contents
Chapter 4: The Crusader and the World 203
Mundane Obstacles 203
Earthly Wealth 219
Pilgrimage Through the Torrent of the World 237
The Community of Crusaders 259
Harmonious Crusading 275
Conclusions: The Features of the True Crusader 279
Appendices
Appendix I. Crusade Preaching Manual 291
Appendix II. Crusade Model Sermons of Philippe le Chancelier 292
Appendix III. Crusade Model Sermons of Jacques de Vitry 292
Appendix IV. Crusade Model Sermon of Roger of Salisbury 294
Appendix V. Crusade Model Sermons of Eudes de Châteauroux 294
Bibliography 299
Index of Manuscripts 323
General Index 325
Abbreviations
AASS Acta Sanctorum quotquot toto orbe coluntur, vel a catholicis scripto-
ribus celebrantur, quae ex Latinis & Graecis, aliarumque gentium
antiquis monumentis, ed. by Johannes Bolland and Jean Baptiste
Carnandet, 68 vols (Paris: V. Palmé, 1643–1940)
COD Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Decreta, ed.  by Joseph Alberigo
(Freiburg: Herder, 1962)
CPI Christopher T. Maier, Crusade Propaganda and Ideology: Model
Sermons for the Preaching of the Cross (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2000)
CR Christopher T. Maier, ‘Crusade and Rhetoric against the Muslim
Colony of Lucera: Eudes of Châteauroux’s Sermones de Rebellione
Sarracenorum Lucherie in Apulia’, Journal of Medieval History, 21
(1995), 343–85
JVSP Jessalynn Bird, ‘James of Vitry’s Sermons to Pilgrims’, Essays in
Medieval Studies, 25 (2008), 81–113
MGH SS Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores (Hannover: Hahn,
1826–)
PCHL Penny J. Cole, The Preaching of the Crusades to the Holy Land,
1095–1270 (Cambridge, MA: Medieval Academy of America,
1991)
viii Abbreviations
PL Patrologiae Cursus Completus. Series Latina, ed. by Jacques-Paul
Migne, 221 vols (Paris: Garnier, 1844–64)
QBSS Quinti belli sacri scriptores minores, ed. by Reinhold Röhricht
(Geneva: J.-G. Fick, 1879)
RHC Occ. Recueil des Historiens des Croisades: Historiens Occidentaux, 16 vols
(Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1844–1906)
RLS Johannes Baptist Schneyer, Repertorium der lateinischen Sermones
des Mittelalters, 11 vols (Münster: Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuch-
handlung, 1969–90)
SVP Nicole Bériou and Isabelle le Masne de Chermont, eds, Les Ser-
mons et la visite pastorale de Federico Visconti archévêque de Pise
(1253–1277) (Roma: École Française de Rome, 2001
UEE Alexis Charansonnet, ‘L’Université, l’Eglise et l’Etat dans les ser-
mons du cardinal Eudes de Châteauroux (1190?–1273)’ (unpub-
lished doctoral dissertation, Université de Lyon 2 – Louis Lumière,
2001)
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my gratitude to several persons whose help has been
crucial when writing this book. I wish to thank Professor Christian Krötzl,
Docent Katariina Mustakallio, and Docent Jussi Hanska, who have offered
their generous support and advice throughout the long process. I have always
been able to turn to them when in doubt or in need of help. I also want to thank
Professor Kurt Villads Jensen, Doctor Christoph T. Maier, and Professor Kirsi
Salonen for their thoughtful comments and criticism. I greatly valued their
insights and suggestions.
Several colleagues and friends have also contributed to my work by reading
parts of the book, by giving practical advice, by discussing various issues, or sim-
ply by being there and offering peer support. In particular, I would like to thank
Docent Ville Vuolanto, Docent Sari Katajala-Peltomaa, Dr Jussi Rantala, and
Dr Jenni Kuuliala for their help. I am also very grateful to Dr Philip Line, who
checked the language of the book.
The work has received financial support from the Academy of Finland, the
University of Tampere, the Finnish Institute in Rome (Wihuri Foundation
Scholarship), and the Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Foundation. I would like to
thank the staff and the residents of the Finnish Institute in Rome, particularly
Simo Örmä. The time spent in Villa Lante and in the many libraries of Rome
had great importance for the work.
Lastly and most importantly, I want to thank my family and relatives. My
parents have encouraged and supported me throughout the process. My wife,
Iiria, and our children, Matilda and Aaro, have helped in countless ways and
been extremely patient with me during the writing process.
Miikka Tamminen
Kangasala, April 2017