Critical urban infrastructure handbook PDF
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CIVIL ENGINEERING JSCE • Critical Urban Infrastructure Handbook Hamada “This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the design, construction, and management of critical infrastructures that underpin economic and socioeconomic activities in urban cities. All major infrastructures are covered: water supply, sewerage, gas, electricity, and telecommunication. The contributors of the handbook have profound knowledge and experience in individual fields and discuss the key essentials of C infrastructure engineering and risk management in a concise manner. A unique aspect of this handbook is the disaster prevention and mitigation section, which is based on a r long history of learned lessons dealing with the past disasters in Japan. This is a handy i t technical and professional book.” i c —Katsu Goda, University of Bristol, UK a CCrriittiiccaall UUrrbbaann “This is an excellent handbook written by experts in the fields of water pipeline systems, sewerage systems, natural gas distribution systems, electric power systems, and l telecommunication systems. The collaborative work by the contributors has produced a U reference material that can be of practical use to engineers, practitioners, and stakeholders H involved in the construction, maintenance, disaster prevention, and mitigation of urban r IInnffrraassttrruuccttuurree lifeline systems. ... Senior undergraduate and graduate students will also benefit from this ab excellent reference material.” na —Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines dn HHaannddbbooookk Represents the State of the Art in Urban Lifeline Engineering b Urban lifelines are buried or aboveground network systems used for water, sewerage, I gas, power, and telecommunications. Dedicated to preserving the functions of lifeline n o systems against natural disasters, the Critical Urban Infrastructure Handbook is a vital f compilation of urban utility management. This text utilizes the input of leading experts or Japan Society of Civil Engineers with extensive experience in natural disasters and provides a better understanding of the a k technical and legal framework of infrastructure construction and operation. Critical Urban Infrastructure Committee s Examine the Damage Data of Urban Lifelines Suffered by Seismic Disasters t r M. Hamada, Editor-in-Chief The book addresses water supply and sewerage, power, gas, telecommunications joint u utility corridor lifeline facilities, and other critical civil infrastructure lifelines. It emphasizes the importance of the resilience of lifeline systems against natural disasters in protecting c human lives and supporting survivors of disasters as well as in promptly recovering and t reconstructing the affected areas. It describes the structural damage of nodes and links u as well as the functional damage of the lifeline system from the viewpoint of disaster prevention and mitigation measures. r e The Critical Urban Infrastructure Handbook comprehensively describes common issues of lifeline systems and provides practical information to engineers and industry professionals involved in the planning, construction, and maintenance of lifeline systems. K20543 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK w w w . c r c p r e s s . c o m Critical Urban Infrastructure Handbook Editorial Board Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Critical Urban Infrastructure Committee M. Hamada, Editor-in-Chief T. Koike T. Suzuki C. Scawthorn N. Suzuki K. Ohtomo Y. Shumuta J. Koseki R. Kuwano H. Horikawa F. Sugino K. Sakaki Critical Urban Infrastructure Handbook Edited by Japan Society of Civil Engineers M. Hamada, Editor-in-Chief Editors T. Koike, T. Suzuki, C. Scawthorn N. Suzuki, K. Ohtomo, Y. Shumuta J. Koseki, R. Kuwano, H. Horikawa F. Sugino, K. Sakaki Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20141110 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-9205-6 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface......................................................................................................................vii Editors. ......................................................................................................................ix Contributors .............................................................................................................xi Section i General Remarks of Lifeline Services 1 General ..............................................................................................................3 Masanori Hamada 2 Water Supply System: Planning Aspects ........................................................ 11 Takeshi Koike 3 Sewerage System: Planning Aspects ...............................................................27 Masanori Hamada 4 Natural Gas Distribution System: Planning Aspects .....................................45 Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa 5 Electric Power System: Network and Components ........................................ 61 Keizo Ohtomo and Yoshiharu Shumuta 6 Telecommunication System: Network and Components ...............................67 Takanobu Suzuki, Fumihide Sugino, and Katsumi Sakaki Section ii construction technology of Lifeline Pipelines and its Facilities 7 General ............................................................................................................87 Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa 8 Water Supply System: Design Aspects ............................................................95 Takeshi Koike 9 Sewerage System: Design Aspects. ................................................................ 153 Masanori Hamada v vi Contents 10 Natural Gas Distribution System: Design Aspects ...................................... 171 Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa 11 Electric Power System: Design Aspects ........................................................ 201 Keizo Ohtomo and Yoshiharu Shumuta 12 Telecommunication System: Design Aspects ................................................211 Takanobu Suzuki, Fumihide Sugino, and Katsumi Sakaki Section iii Maintenance technologies of Lifelines 13 General ..........................................................................................................261 Takanobu Suzuki 14 Water Supply System: Maintenance Technologies ....................................... 275 Takeshi Koike 15 Sewerage System: Maintenance Technologies .............................................. 325 Masanori Hamada 16 Natural Gas Distribution System: Maintenance Technologies .................... 335 Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa 17 Electric Power System: Maintenance Technologies .....................................343 Keizo Ohtomo and Yoshiharu Shumuta 18 Telecommunication System: Maintenance Technologies. ............................347 Takanobu Suzuki, Fumihide Sugino, and Katsumi Sakaki Section iV D isaster Prevention and Mitigation technologies of Lifelines 19 General ..........................................................................................................383 Takeshi Koike 20 Water Supply System: Mitigation Technologies ........................................... 401 Takeshi Koike 21 Sewerage System: Mitigation Technologies ..................................................439 Junichi Koseki and Reiko Kuwano 22 Natural Gas Distribution System: Mitigation Technologies. .......................485 Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa 23 Electric Power System: Mitigation Measures ...............................................497 Keizo Ohtomo and Yoshiharu Shumuta 24 Telecommunication System: Mitigation Measures ...................................... 519 Takanobu Suzuki, Fumihide Sugino, and Katsumi Sakaki Preface The Japan Society of Civil Engineers has been promoting the development of technologies and the accu- mulation of knowledge for design and construction, management and maintenance, disaster preven- tion, and environmental measures for lifeline systems. In addition, lifeline operators and enterprises have also made every effort to advance the services and reliability of their systems. Based on these contributions, this handbook summarizes the state of the art of lifeline engineering and directions for future research. Even as this handbook was being written the March 11, 2011, magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake (Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster) struck the northeast region of Japan. It was the largest earthquake in Japanese history. As a result of the destructive effects, including a tsunami, ground motion, soil liquefaction, and slope failure, the toll of dead and missing was 18,641 as of October 31, 2012. Thus, it was the severest disaster over the last half century in Japan. Numerous facilities of lifeline systems such as sewerage, water, electricity, and telecommunication were severely damaged, and the urban functioning of the affected areas was paralyzed for a long time. The Tohoku earthquake reminded us of the importance of the resilience of lifeline systems against natural disasters in protecting human lives and supporting the lives of survivors of disasters as well as promptly recovering and reconstructing the affected areas. Technology development and knowledge accumulation have generally been carried out indepen- dently for each lifeline system, with technical guidelines and standards for the design and construction defined separately. However, many common issues exist among the lifeline systems, particularly related to design and construction, maintenance and management, disaster reduction, and environment pres- ervation. Furthermore, loss of function of a lifeline system strongly affects the function of other lifeline systems, and the overcrowding of recovery works among lifeline systems after natural disasters delays restoration and reconstruction of the damaged areas. One of the purposes of this handbook is to com- prehensively describe common issues among various kinds of lifeline systems that will be of practical use to engineers and concerned parties. The frequency of natural disasters such as earthquakes, storms, floods, and landslides has been increasing globally in recent years. The reasons for this are believed to be changes in the natural envi- ronment on a global scale and society’s increasing vulnerability against natural hazards. The natural environment is changing rapidly, including global warming, heat island effects in urbanized areas, loss of forests and arable land, desertification, and erosion of riverbanks and seacoasts. Vulnerability to natural disasters is also increasing as a result of changes in social structures and land use, such as excessive population concentrations in urban regions, increased settlement in disaster-prone land, and depopulation of rural areas. vii viii Preface Under these conditions, preserving the functions of lifeline systems against increasing natural disas- ters is essential to create a safer, more secure society as well as to protect human lives. This requires proper maintenance of facilities and enhancement of the disaster-resistance capabilities of lifeline systems. We hope this handbook will prove useful to engineers, operators, and other parties concerned with planning, constructing, and maintaining lifeline systems. Finally, we express our sincere gratitude to the authors and the members of the editing committee. Organizing members Masanori Hamada Takeshi Koike Takanobu Suzuki Charles Scawthorn
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