Critical Planning and Design: Roots, Pathways, and Frames PDF
Preview Critical Planning and Design: Roots, Pathways, and Frames
The Urban Book Series Camilla Perrone Editor Critical Planning and Design Roots, Pathways, and Frames The Urban Book Series EditorialBoard MargaritaAngelidou,AristotleUniversityofThessaloniki,Thessaloniki,Greece FatemehFarnazArefian,TheBartlettDevelopmentPlanningUnit,UCL,Silk Cities,London,UK MichaelBatty,CentreforAdvancedSpatialAnalysis,UCL,London,UK SiminDavoudi,Planning&LandscapeDepartmentGURU,NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle,UK GeoffreyDeVerteuil,SchoolofPlanningandGeography,CardiffUniversity, Cardiff,UK JesúsM.GonzálezPérez,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityoftheBalearic Islands,Palma(Mallorca),Spain DanielB.Hess ,DepartmentofUrbanandRegionalPlanning,Universityat Buffalo,StateUniversity,Buffalo,NY,USA PaulJones,SchoolofArchitecture,DesignandPlanning,UniversityofSydney, Sydney,NSW,Australia AndrewKarvonen,DivisionofUrbanandRegionalStudies,KTHRoyalInstitute ofTechnology,Stockholm,StockholmsLän,Sweden AndrewKirby,NewCollege,ArizonaStateUniversity,Phoenix,AZ,USA KarlKropf,DepartmentofPlanning,HeadingtonCampus,OxfordBrookes University,Oxford,UK KarenLucas,InstituteforTransportStudies,UniversityofLeeds,Leeds,UK MarcoMaretto,DICATeA,DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering, UniversityofParma,Parma,Italy AliModarres,TacomaUrbanStudies,UniversityofWashingtonTacoma,Tacoma, WA,USA FabianNeuhaus,FacultyofEnvironmentalDesign,UniversityofCalgary,Calgary, AB,Canada SteffenNijhuis,ArchitectureandtheBuiltEnvironment,DelftUniversityof Technology,Delft,TheNetherlands VitorManuelAráujodeOliveira ,PortoUniversity,Porto,Portugal ChristopherSilver,CollegeofDesign,UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL,USA GiuseppeStrappa,FacoltàdiArchitettura,SapienzaUniversityofRome,Rome, Roma,Italy IgorVojnovic,DepartmentofGeography,MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing, MI,USA ClaudiaYamu,DepartmentofSpatialPlanningandEnvironment,Universityof Groningen,Groningen,Groningen,TheNetherlands QunshanZhao,SchoolofSocialandPoliticalSciences,UniversityofGlasgow, Glasgow,UK The Urban Book Series is a resource for urban studies and geography research worldwide.Itprovidesauniqueandinnovativeresourceforthelatestdevelopments in the field, nurturing a comprehensive and encompassing publication venue for urbanstudies,urbangeography,planningandregionaldevelopment. Theseriespublishespeer-reviewedvolumesrelatedtourbanization,sustainabil- ity, urban environments, sustainable urbanism, governance, globalization, urban andsustainabledevelopment,spatialandareastudies,urbanmanagement,transport systems,urbaninfrastructure,urbandynamics,greencitiesandurbanlandscapes.It alsoinvitesresearchwhichdocumentsurbanizationprocessesandurbandynamics on a national, regional and local level, welcoming case studies, as well as comparativeandappliedresearch. Theserieswillappealtourbanists,geographers,planners,engineers,architects, policy makers, and to all of those interested in a wide-ranging overview of contemporary urban studies and innovations in the field. It accepts monographs, editedvolumesandtextbooks. IndexedbyScopus. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/14773 Camilla Perrone Editor Critical Planning and Design Roots, Pathways, and Frames Editor CamillaPerrone DepartmentofArchitecture UniversityofFlorence Firenze,Italy ISSN2365-757X ISSN2365-7588 (electronic) TheUrbanBookSeries ISBN978-3-030-93106-3 ISBN978-3-030-93107-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93107-0 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland ThisbookisdedicatedtoGiancarloPaba, ProfessorofUrbanandRegionalPlanningat theUniversityofFlorenceandpassionate aboutrootsandcriticaltheoriesofplanning. Constantlyandrestlesslyfosteringradical changeinsocietyandcitiesthroughouthis lifetimeGiancarloPabawas,firstofall,an insurgent,energetic,andmindfulintellectual, tormentedbythesearchforhappiness(of others,thecity,thewiderarea).Thisbook andtheresearchthatwillfollowisinspired byGiancarloPaba’sideaofa“usablepast” (therootsofplanning), thatmotivates contemporaryactionsand,likerootsoftrees, encouragesandgeneratesnewarticulations ofadissentingthought. Preface Ifthereissomethingthatthisbookmakesclear,isthattheplanningdebateismulti- facetedandhasitsinmanytraditionsofthoughtthatitisimportantnottoforget,to rediscoverinsomecases,toreinterpretinothersasinspirationalofthecontemporary discoursesonplanning. Thebookdoesnothaveahistorical-philologicalintent,nordoesitintendtobuild an overarching perspective on critical planning and design. It is neither a manual noranexhaustiveregisterofcontributionsonthecontemporaryapproachtocritical planning,ifthereisone. It does not wear the flavour of the postmodern debate of the beginning of the millenniumbutdrawsinspirationfromthesensitivityofpostmodernthoughttowards all forms of diversity often obliterated by a dominant or rational-comprehensive culture. From postmodern thought and, in particular, from the words of Bhikhu ParekhinRethinkingMulticulturalism(HarvardUniversityPress,2000),thebook borrows the idea that “cultures are not superstructures built upon identical and unchangingfoundations,ormanifestationofacommonhumanessence,butunique humancreationsthatreconstituteandgivedifferentmeaningandorientationtothose propertiesthatallhumanbeingsshareincommon”(122). Withthisperspective,thebooksuggestsare-educationofthe“gaze”towardsa multipleanddiverseplanningpast—beitrepresentedbygiants’thoughtthatneeds unpackingofcertainconsolidatedsimplificationsorbyminorauthorsobscuredby thedominantcultureofaspecificmomentofplanninghistory—whichmightbecome usableinthecontemporaryplanninganddesignthought. This gaze owes critical and radical approaches to urban studies and planning, althoughitkeepsthisscenariointhebackgroundtogivespacetoajourneythrough foundational books (and the authors’ thinking) that shows how theories, interpre- tations, and perspectives often from other disciplines have crossed time and are todayinfluentialideasandinspirationsofplanningthought,whichisradical,critical, alternativetoamainstreamthinking. The book is not a systematic but exploratory attempt to initiate a conversation basedonaninformeddiscourseoncriticalplanninganddesign.Itpavesthewayfor reflectingaboutwhatisorcanbeacriticalplanninganddesignapproachinspiredby vii viii Preface criticalurbantheoryanddevelopedalonginfluentialandradicalplanningthinking aimedatpursuingasociallyandenvironmentallyjustsociety.Inthisline,contem- porary authors re-read fundamental and influential books that count for each of them—writtenoverthelasttwocenturies—thatcontributedmoreorlessimplicitly tooutliningafieldofcriticalplanningindialoguewithausablepastfromwhichto drawgenerativeanddissentingideas. Thisjourneythroughsomeroots,pathways,andframesofcriticalplanningand designisneitherlinearnorexhaustiveandincludesmanynon-plannerscholarswhose contribution proved to be crucial for the development of a critical perspective on planning and design. It is a trajectory with some stops inspired by the thought of contemporaryauthors(theauthorsofthisbook)whohavebuiltandadvancedtheir scientific-criticalbaggageoninfluentialthinkers’shouldersmakingthisinfluential contributiontheirown“usablepast”.Thispastisusefulinsofarasitallowsscholars to reflect on the past conditions that shaped planning experience and theories, and tograspthepotentialforchangethatlayswithinthesocietyandneedsanenriched criticalapproach. Wecansaythatthisbookisabookaboutthebooksofotherscholarsthattakesthe readeronajourney(oneofmanypossible)throughamultifaceduniverseofcritical urbanstudies. Thebookborrowsandkeepscriticalurbantheoryinthebackgroundtocritically engage the readers in reflections on the dialectics of social, historical, and radical change—anditsagentsthatcouldrealizethepossibilitiessuppressedundercurrent socio-political and urban conditions. In this sense, the book engages a plural and multifacetedperspectivetocontributetothereflectiononcontemporaryusableplan- ningperspectivesthataimsatchangingthestatusquoinfavourofamorejustandless unequalsocio-spatialandenvironmentaltransformation,andurbanizationprocesses. The book represents the first milestone of a cultural manifesto of the research Laboratory of Critical Planning and Design founded in 2015 at the University of FlorencebyCamillaPerroneunderthescientificsupervisionofGiancarloPaba.The LaboratorycomprisesagroupofresearchersfromtheDepartmentofArchitectureat theUniversityofFlorence,incollaborationwithanetworkofinternationalscholars with which it aims to develop a critical view on urban and regional planning, in particular,alongthefollowingresearchpaths: – Roots:criticalexplorationoftherootsofplanning;genealogyofthe“restless”and radicalconceptsofplanning;emphasisondissentingimaginations,andeccentric andalternativeplanningtraditions. – Theories: critical discussion on planning theories; difference-sensitive planning approach;multi-agentplanningandinteractivedesign;theconceptofco-evolution applied to the relations between nature, territory, and settlements; planning approachesbasedonself-organizationandinsurgenturbanism. – Practices: interactive design experiences; radical participatory planning prac- tices;involvementoftheinhabitantsintherebuildingofsharedurbanandregional codes. Preface ix ThebookcollectstheresultsofapromotedlecturesseriesheldinFlorence,2018, oncriticalthinkersofplanning(orrelateddisciplinesonwhichplanningdrawson incontemporarydevelopments)andthefundamentalbooksthatdisseminatedtheir ideas. Aswellasthebook,thelaboratoryintertwinesaplanningapproachsuchas“soci- etalguidance”and“socialtransformation”withacriticaldistancethroughwhichit focuses on an approach in dialogue (even managing the conflict) with both sides of the ridge. The discourse on space is faced both in its social dimension—as a sphere of negotiation of power and urban restructuring under capitalism—and its territorial dimension as a socially produced space—as defined by the geographer ClaudeRaffestin,wholinkedHenriLefebvre’stheoryofspacetotheconceptionof Foucault’spower—andaneo-ecosystemthatbringstogetherthemilieusofnature, theenvironmentbuiltandhumanbeings. BorrowinginspirationalcontributionsofRogerKeil,NeilBrenner,andChristian Schmid,theurbanizationquestionhasbeenatthecentrestageofthelab’sinterestin recentyearswithaspecificfocusonfixityandmotiondialecticsinurbanspaceunder capitalism. In response to the challenges of contemporary extended urbanization processes critically debated by these scholars and to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemicasacomponentoftheclimatechangeandtherebellionoftheearthtothe Anthropocene,theCriticalPlanningandDesignLaboratoryisdevelopingamodelof multi-agentcriticalplanning,accordingtoaformofagencyextendedto“significant others“and“otherterrestrials“. Thisisdonewithafocusonradicalapproachestoplanningandonsomedisci- plinaryrootsofinteractiveplanninganddesign.Asecondmilestonebookwillfollow thisargument. Firenze,Italy CamillaPerrone Acknowledgements I sincerely thank the wonderful and knowledgeable team of authors, who have made an enormous effort to dress their approaches with a critical perspective and contributevaluablytotheroots,pathways,andframesofcriticalplanninganddesign asapproachedinthisbook.Theywereverypatientandgenerousincontributingto aneditorialprojectwithlongandcomplicatedgestation. My gratitude goes to the INURA network (International Network for Urban ResearchandAction),whichhascontributedsince1999tonourishmycriticaland proactivegazeonurbanizationprocessesandthesocialandspatialeffectsofthese. The countless urban immersions made with Inura’s friends and colleagues have settledover timeanecessary demand forspatialjustice,socialempowerment, and widespreadurbanandterritorialhappiness.Indeed,thebookwouldnothavehadthe samevalueifRogerKeil,UteLehrer,MichaelEdwards,ChristianSchmid,Stefan Kipfer,andotherinurianshadnotcontributed. AspecialthankgoestoGiancarloPaba(towhomIdedicatedthefirstchapter), who introduced me to critical thinking in planning and without whom this book wouldneverhavebeenborn. Finally, sincere and dutiful thanks go to Springer Publisher, who accompanied meinthebook’scompositionwithpatience,professionalism,andkindness,always lookingforawaytoovercomethemanyobstaclesthatoccurredduringtheproduction ofthisbook. xi
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