Crinoids, a blastoid and a cyclocystoid from the Upper Devonian reef complex of the Canning Basin, Western Australia

36 Pages·1999·16.7 MB·English

CRICOIDS, A BLASTOfD AND A CYCLOCYSTOID FROM THE UPPER DEVONIAN
REEF COMPLEX OF THE CANNING BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA
PETER A. JELLAND JOHN S. JELL
Jell. PA. & Jell. J.S. L999 06 30: Crimnd&, a Mastoid and a cydocystnid fitwn the ppci
I
Devonian reef complex of the Canning Basin. Western Australia. Memoirs rsj the
QHeen&lmlMasem 434 1 )- 20U236. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835,
fhi4fir^tsy^tcui.inc trcumienloteeliinoderir, natlli CXfc DSiVeUppei Devonian rccftOBl-
- ihe northern Canning Basifl erectsrhe FrasnianMastoid Hyp\ lis bugkittxisSfl
nov and erinoiils Codiacrmui nteolli sp. nov., Meloeritiites sulitias sp. nov. and
/h:\ucrmiJcsbrownlamsp. nov. andtheFamennianermmd^Juekelitrinusinurta\isp, no^ .
Playfisrdicrxntis kellvensis gen. el sp. nov.. liaerinits ttiseyensh gen. ei >p. nov. and IF,
millardensisgen. et sp, nov. with,/. murrayi first appearing ai the very lop ofthe Frasnian.
1hescechinoderrnswhichhaveaffinitieswithSiberianand cUXOpeai via mainly in
the fine,red, fore reefVirgin Hills Formationwith numerous holdfasts (some directly onto
algg] mounds) suggesting i \ ti «J in his environment. Whik aiu eated
criumdal material ISfound inthdcleanerreeial ImiesionestheOftlj cup found I Sntf rfntas
tabulatesGoldfuss, 1839 in Frasnian forereeftalus slope Sadlet Limestone in the Poddy's
'valley area. In thesameinsolubleresidue was . Stoid pl.de. thevouh
record ofthe class. O Crinoukr, Mastoid, eveloeystoid UpperDevonian. CanningBasin.
PeterA Jell, QueenslandMuseum POBoa 33Q0 South Brisbane 410}, AustraliaamiJohn
t
S.Jell. DepartmentojEarth Sciences, UniversityofQueemfand. St Lticia 4072, iustwlfa;
reeeived II April 1997.
Crinoidal remains have been recognised in the investigated in detail for echinoderms it seems
Upper Devonian reefcomplexes ofthe Canning highly probable that a much larger Upper Dev-
Basin by many workerssincethe earliest d:\ onian fauna than the 10 taxa reported here will
exploration. However, only Teiehert (1949) ultimately be discovered.
applied any generic level taxonomy to Devonian
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
crinoids from Ihc basin. He listed Siorlhhiiio-
rZtomnaes,'!thneov.fasupn.afroofmwthhiecFhrahseniacnolMlaecntneedotmertahse All the fossils described herein come from lia-
ble Frasnian to lamennian part ofthe Devonian
Bugle Gap and No. 10 Bore areas: we have not
reefcomplexes along the northern margin ofthe
been able to recollect that crinoid genus inthose Canning Basin. A great deal has been Written
areas and a search of the collections of the about ihc geology of these reefs but the major
Unixersiiy ofWesternAustraliafailedtoproduce geological mapping ofthe area was provided by
TeiehertV specimen. However, it seems possible PJayford & Lowry (1966), Taxonomic studies
that Teiehert's material couldbethesame as that withconsequent biostratigrapbic inferences have
attributed below to Snlocritu^ lahttlatus addressed most fossil groups found therein,
Goldfuss, 1W839 from Frasnian Sadler Limestone including corals (Hill & Jell, I970) brachiopods
just to the of Bugle Gap in Paddy's Valley. (Veevcrs, 1959), sponges (Rigby. s1986), strom-
Blastoids and cyclocystoids have not previously
atoporoids (( ockbuin, 1984). Crustacea (BftggS
been described from the Bastn. & Rolfe. 1983) and fish (Long. L?9iJ among
eeThhiinsudiesnnthse ffrirostm ptahpeerCatnonidensgcrBiabseinDeavnodniiann- ostthreartsi.grHaophwyevhear\,ethbeeemnosctomu.sdefounllsgr(oGulpesmfsotrerbio&-
ccrliundoeisdst.heMafisrtstoikdnsowolredcgyceloocfysUtpopiedrs Dfervoomnitahne {(.lepnp.csTte,i,19169568;: DBreucekee.r e1t9a7l6..) 1a9n9d3; uBoencikateirte&s
Southern Hemisphere, itrepresents ilie results of House. 1997)and itisthrough these 2 groupsthat
fewer than 10 collecting trips encompassing a we have attempted to place the crinoids in
small percentage of the Basin's Devonian out- slratigraplnc sequence (Table 1).
ciop. Judging from the Volume ofdisaggregated All except 2 taxa come from the Virgin Hills
cnnoidai material encountered at most localities Formation, which is a red muddy carbonate
and the area of Devonian outcrop yet to Eft depositedonthe forereefslopeand in inter-re
—
202 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
SYSTEMATICS
Conodont
Localities
Zones Material described herein is
trachyptera X N56MVPL1950- (hoNuMsVePd)i,nthQeueMeunsseluanmdofMVuicsteoruima
s X X NMVPL1931 (QMF). Australian Geological
NMVPL1930
1 marginifera Survey Organisation (CPC) and
NMVPL1930,
X X NMVPL1939 Geological Survey of Western
rhomboidea X X X X N19M3V8P,L11994326, fAursotmrallioacal(itGiSeWsA()Apapnedndcioxme1s)
crepida catalogued in the Museum of
P.triangularis X X NMVPL1929 Victoria (NMVPL) and
QueenslandMuseum(QML). All
Hnguiformis n X X X X X X QQMMLL11002391. the specimens are preserved as
sa gigas carbonate, probably original
A.triangularis ? skeleton, in a muddy carbonate
matrix. They are variously
asymmetrica 9 weathered and are photographed
inthis state afterblackeningwith
513E -3-3S3o!3 1.15 cd. "hQie5 §1•1b3 5511Ec 1.3c .&35 38Ea 1jE T"uO33 wasMluoioibmtdolohairnlmeoatmgaeor.m&alpmcThcoeiTutrnelemiiaicrnuahonmelldraotygweycrhhiflotoof9elr7nlci8ioo)dnwl.egs-
1 S1 1 1 a, 4 1 1 — 1 Measurements are gi(v1en as:
TAinBteLrEnati1.onaSltrcatoingordaopnhitcbdiiosztorniabtuitoionntoakfencrifnrooimdsTadleesnctriebteda,l.,ag[a9i9n3s;t wleindgtthh,,ptarraanlslveelrtsoethteo.cebnutrtalnaexviesr;
localitiesdetailedmAppendixarelistedagainstthisconodontscale. cuttingorjoiningthecentralaxis,
and depth, normal to. and may
shallowbasins. Theformationincludesavariety join the central axis.
ofHthofacies indicating numerousenvironment- Phylum ECHINODERMATA
al changes and events. It is not the aim of this Class BLASTOIDEA Sav. 1825
papertogo into thegeologicalhistory ofthearea Order SPIRACULATAJaekel. 1918
which can be gleaned from the numerous refer- Family HYPEROBLASTIDAEFay. 1964
ences mentionedabove. Crinoid holdfasts occur
insituonanumberofbeddingsurfaces,especial- We follow the family concept of Waters &
Horowitz(1993).
ly ones representing stillstands or transgressive
periods when sedimentation rates were ex- HyperoblastusFay, 1961
tremely slow. Crinoidaldebris, includingcups,is
scattered throughout most horizons but is most TYPE SPECIES, (by originaldesignation)Pentwmitidea
abundant with the holfasts. The cup ofonly one preciosa Reimann, 1945 {-Pentremitidea filosa
Wliiteaves, 887)from the MiddleDevonianofOntario.
species. Stylocrimts tabidaius Goldfuss. 1839. 1
andawidevarietyofstemdebrisareknownfrom DIAGNOSIS. SeeBreimer&Dop. 1975.
theSadlerLimestonewhichisareeftalusdeposit
representingahigherenergyenvironment. Doubt- Hyperoblastus buglensis sp. nov.
less,crinoidswerecommononthereefsbutwere (Figs 1-4)
disarticulatedafterdeath. No doubt morewillbe ETYMOLOGY. From BugleGap
found in the reef limestones especially where
silicified faunas are etched free but at this stage MATERIAL. HOLOTYPL: QMF36161. PARATYPES:
ourknowledgeofthem remainspoor. The single QMF36162-36168,40357-10359.AllfromQMI,1031,on
EsideofBugleGapSofWagonPass.
marginal ossicle ofa cyclocystoid found in the
same insoluble residueasS. tabulatescannot be DIAGNOSIS. Corneal pelvis, low vault, pelvic
generically assigned but its occurrence extends anglec.70°. with3 hydrospirespergroup; lancet
the range ofthe class which was previously un- concealed, with raised diamond-shaped adoral
knownin strata youngerthan Eifelian (Europe). end. with sharp dorsal ridge.
ECHINODERMS FROM THE CANNINGBASIN 203
FIpGo.reIs. fHyrpoemrhoybdlraosstpuirsebsu.gBl,enosbilsisqpu.enoorva.l valilewf.roCm,QlaMteLr1al03vi1e.wAo-fCB,aQmMbFu3l6a1c6r2u,msx5h.owAi,nograhlydvrioeswpisrheoswliitns.gDf,iEne3
oralandlateralviewsofQMF36161, *12and *5,respectively.
DESCRIPTION. Cup smooth, up to 12mm long Cross section at greatest width pentastellate.
and 12mm wide at tips of ambulacra, conical, Basals 3, normally arranged, with 2 large hex-
made up of conical pelvis with straight sides, agonal and one smaller pentagonal azygous.
capped by convex vault (Figs IE. 3H); vault: Radials 5. up to 8mm high, with convex radial
pelvis = 1:2; pelvic angle 65-72° (av. 68°; N=7) fronts inlateralview; RD axis lessthan RB axis
M
MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
21
KIG3 HypeKjhItjstit.'ibiigleHsissp.nav allfioiiiQMl.1031 A^B.QMP40357 6 A,obliqueposteriorview
oral view, C,E QMF40358, -. l. oial view, 1- oblique posterior view DS A (-)MJ 40359, 4 D oblique
pusienorvicw I1, oral view.
at ailsizes; RD from siniighi. Deltoidsconcealed ambulacrum except in adoral 1/3 but triangular
by radials and ambulacra! side plates except for outer side plates never reaching midline of
narrow adoral lip. separated from radials by ambulacrum Side platesfillinggroovesbetween
suture lughJy oblique to radial surface (Fig. lancet and radials; access to hydrospires via a
1AJD): adoral lips oi deltoids contiguous as series ofpores at ouier margin of ambulacrum.
peristome. Spiracles 4 plus slights larger Hvdrospire groups 10. extending some distance
anispiraelc. each descending into deltoid at very into coelomic cavitj from sides of ambulacra. 3
low angle to external surface dividing mlo 2 ai h\drospirespergroup, no hvdrospireplate. Stem.
depth within deltoid but deltoid septum only bracluoles and coverplates unknown.
evident inweathered specimens,connecting into REMARKS. This Western Australian species is
the hvdrospirecanalson eithersideofthe lancet assigned to ilvpaohliistits on its thecal shape,
Analdeltoids3.asuper/deltoid,asubdeltoidarida concealed lancet, radials coveringmain body of
hypodchoid (Fig. 4C): superdeltoid slightly the deltoids. 5 spiracles and deltoid septum at
widerthanolhcrdclloidlips. sulnrcdaboralh and depth within spiracles but not at surface. The
laterally to raised anterior diamond of lancet pin logchy of the family lias been discussed bv
Lancet concealed except adoral end: prominent Brenner & Dop (1975). Horowitz et al. (1986)
raised diamond-shaped adoral end sutured 10 and Waters & Horowitz (1993) and the occur-
aboral lateral cuds of each deltoid lip. forming rence and morphology ofthe new species do not
lateral margins to spiracles, crossed by radial conflict with their conclusions. The family is
gnw
median c. abutting most adoral side plates. known from Europe. North America and China
rest of lancet with obtuse but sharp upper keel and its occurrence in the Frasman of WA is in
with row of uniform shallow concavities along accordwithEuropeanaffinitiesofolherclcmcnts
eachtippersurfaceaccommodatingthe inncrside of the fauna (Teichen. 1940). Breimer &
platesandalternating with similarconcavities in Maeurda ( !972: 2!>Q) remarkedonthepaucity of
the radial adjoining each ambulacrum accom- biastoids in the Frasman and Famcnnian
modating the outer side plates. Side plates in 2 worldwide: the\ acknowledged onh a few
alternating columns on each side of each specimensofffypcmhlastttsfromtheFrasnianof
ambulacrum, up to 15 per column; inner side the United Slates so the occurrence in the latest
plates larger and reaching lo outer margin of Frasnian oi1 Western Australia suggests the
ECHINODERMS FROM THE CANNING BASIN 205
FIG. 3. Hypemhlasiusbuglensissp, tiov. all fromQML1031.A-CQMF3G163.A.C. lateralobliqueandlateral
views,*4. B,oralview, x5.D,oralviewofQMF36l64a*7.FJ\oralandlateralviewsofQMF36165.>9and -5,
respectively. CiT 11 oral and lateral viewsofQMF36166, *7 and <6, respectively.
lineage continued, but evidence of am other the Hypcroblaslidac but it is quite different, in
blastoid lineages is still lacking for this interval. gross shape, ambulacral structure and anal
Lime£taL(\991)crcc\cdSinop£'tai()hIastusfrom plating, from the new Australian form. Waters
NW
the Famcnnian of China and assigned it to (1988) remarked that most blastoid genera were
206 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG.4.Hyperoblastusbuglensissp.nov.A,lateraloutlineshowingconvexvaultandstraightsides. B,distal view
showing spiracles, raised diamond-shaped adoral ends of lancets, and ambulacral tracts. C, analdeltoid
arrangementwithsuper-,sub-andhypodeltoid(compositefromFig.2Bshowinghypodeltoid,Fig. 1Dshowing
superdeltoidandFig.2Fshowingsubdeltoid;eachspecimenatdifferentlevelofweatheringtoexposedifferent
elements). D, cross section ofan ambulacral tractto show arrangement ofdeltoids, lancetandhydrospires.
restrictedtooneorafewlocalitiesandveryshort Hexacrinites brownlawi sp. nov.
time ranges; although Hyperoblastus has wide (Figs 5,6)
geographic andstratigraphic ranges the newspecies
is known from only one locality and horizon. ETYMOLOGY. ForScottBrownlawwhocollectedsome
ofthematerial.
(RAoemmoenrg,1k8n5o2w)naHnydpeHr.oblluassittuasn,icounsl(yEHt.heerifiedlgeens&is PMAARTAETRYIPAELS:. QMHFO3L6O1T69Y-P36E1:79, 4G03S5W6.A1Al1l53f2r4o.m
Carpenter, 1882)havetheconicalpelvis andlow QML1031, onEsideofBugleGapS ofWagonPass.
vault characteristic of the new species. The
former is distinguished by the much greater DIAGNOSIS. Ornament of a few coarse
number ofhydrospire folds in each ambulacrum tubercleswithconcavetipsonmostoftheca,with
(Fay, 1961, text-fig. 84) and the latter is dis- distinct change to finely granulose ornament
tinguished by its much smaller pelvic angle, distallyfromjustproximaltoradialfacet. Second
smaller outer side plates and different sectional primibrach axillary.
shape ofthe lancet (Fay, 1961, text-figs 90-93).
DESCRIPTION.Cupsubcylindricalwithwidely
flaringconicalbase, upto28mm longand22mm
CAMERATA
Subclass in diameter. Basal circlet hexagonal, of3 equal
Order MONOBATHRIDA plates; stem attachment facet moderately large,
Suborder COMPSOCR1NINA upto 6mm indiameter,withfinenarrowmarginal
Superfamily HEXACRIN1TOIDEAWachsmuth crenularium. Basalstoradials sutureusuallywavy.
&
Springer, 1885 Radials large, withconvexproximal margin,with
Family HEXACRINIT1DAE shortupperlateral projectionsbesidewidepene-
Wachsmuth & Springer, 1885 plenary radial facets. First primibrach tapering
laterally, narrower distally, with crenellate
articulation facets proximally and distally.
Hexacrinites Austin & Austin, 1843 Secondprimibrach axillary, subtriangularand of
variablewidthinlateralview,alsowithcrenellate
articulating facets. First secundibrachs of
TYPE SPECIES. Platycrinus interscapular® Phillips, uniformlength,thick,withwidedeepambulacral
1841 from the Devonian of England; by original groove just beginning to divide. Rest of arms
designation. unknown. Primanal of similar size to radial,
FIG. 5. Hexacrinites brownlawi sp. nov. all from QML1031. A-C, oblique basal views of QMF36169, *4
QMF36170, x2,andQMF36171, x2,respectively. D,E, 2 interadial lateral viewsofQMF36172, *3, F, lateral5
view ofweathered theca QMF36173, x2. G, basal view ofQMF36174, ><3. H, I, lateral views ofincomplete
lhecaeQMF36175andQMF36176,><2.J-L,QMF36177,x2.J,C-Dinterradialviewshowinganaltubeonright.
K,oralviewwithanal Uibeat6o'clock. L, lateralviewshowinglowaxillary2ndprimibrach. M,distal viewof
theca QMF36178, x2.
I-CHINODERMS FROM THE CANNING BASIN 207
208 MEMOIRSOFTHE QUEENSLANDMUSEUM
FIG 6. Hexacrinitesbruwnlawisp. now all fromQMI,1031. A-C.Aray, basalandC ray viewsrespectively,of
holotypcGSWAl15324, *4, Dsposteriorview ofQMF4G356, 2.
supporting 1 large tegininal plate distally. Anal one specimen (Fig. 5G) forming circlet around
openingonsmall spire risingfromthecadistalto stemfacetonslightly longerthecalbase:distalto
1st row of tegminal plates disial to primanal. ami bases ornament changes sharply, becoming
Inlerprimibrachs per interradius. large,
1 finely granulose.
supporting 1 or 2 smaller tegminal plates. Teg-
incn convex, inflated well distal to arm bases, REMARKS. Thecal shape resembles a number
longest anteriorly, sloping lo posterior: tegminal
of other species of the genus including //.
plates of uniform size, polygonal, with central
peak. Ornamentonbasalsandradialsproximalto spinosus Mullen 1856 which occurs in the
arm bases, of few irregularly distributed large Middle Devonian of Queensland (Jell cl aL
tubercles; tubercles with concave tips, usually 1988) but the inflated tegmen and ornament are
moreconccntratcdjustproximalloradialfacet,in distinctive
ECHINODERMS FROM THE CANNING BASIN 209
Wacrinus gen. nov. Wacrinus caseyensis sp. nov.
(Figs 7-11)
TYPE SPECIES. Wacrinuscaseyensis sp. nov.
ETYMOLOGY. ForWestern Australia. sEitTe;YMCaOsLeOyGFYal.lsFoarreCansaemyeFdallfsoradJjoachenntCtaostehyecwohlloectwiansg
DIAGNOSIS. First primibrach axillary. Fixed involved inmappingtheareaduringthe 1950's.
armsnot formingprotrubcrant brachial lobes but MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE: NMVP100280.
firstfreeami platesdirectedoutward. Anal open- PARATYPES: NMVP 00272-100279, 10028 -100300,
ing through tegmen in C ambulacra! scries of QMF36I80, GSWA193190-19393, WAM91.7I91, 91.722.
small plates; no anal tube developed. Tegmen 91.723 all from NMVPL1931,aboveCasey Falls; further
platingusuallystronglydifferentiated, withasingle specimens, mostly less well-preserved from the type
large interambulacral in each interray except CD locality are held in the Museum ofVictoria. Queensland
where a number of smaller plates are present, Museum,Geological SurveyofWesternAustraliaandthe
with many ambulacra! plates of varying sizes, Western Australian Museum.
with 5 orals at intersection ofambulacra! tracts. DIAGNOSIS. As for genus.
REMARKS. Wacrinus could be related to Arih- DESCRIPTION. Cup subspherical, 10-30+ mm
roacantha Williams. 1883 from the Devonian of long; plates smooth, without median ray ridges,
Europe and North America by its slender stem, thick. Basals 3, equal, pentagonal, forming
ornament,singlelargeinterprimibrachandsubtle hexagonal circlet, with intervening sutures in B
ray ridges but that genus has 2 primibrachs per and EraysandinCD interray, with low indistinct
&
ray. Cerasmocrinus Strimple Levorson, 1973 circular ridge centrally surrounding depressed
(typeHexacrinusspringehThomas. 1924) from (first columnal fills depression) crenulate stem
the Upper Devonian ofIowa was excluded from facet. Radials largest plates ofcup, heptagonal,
the Hexacrinitidae (and placed in the Desmido- A, B and E radials symmetrical, but C and D
crinidae) because its interprimibrachs penetrate radials slightly asymmetrical in that suture with
the interradial area of the theca. However, its 1st interprimibrach is noticeably longerthanthat
interprimibrachs bear exactly the same relation- with anal plate distal to primanal. First
shiptothetegmen,armsandradialsasdothoseof primibrach axillary, with 5 straight sides (angles
Hexacrinites interscapularis(Ubaghs, 1978, fig. between them suggest hexagonal shape), distal
279.1b,c) and Wacrinus; the only differences arc margin with 2 broad shallow scallops for
intheextenttowhichtheamisarefixedinthecup secundibrachs; 1st secundibrachs fixed in cup;
and relative size ofradials and primibrachs. We 2nd secundibrach unknown but probably free;
suggest Cerasmocrinus should bereturnedtothe intersecundibrachs absent; facet on axillary
Hexacrinitidae and is allied to Wacrinus, primibrach withsharpbutlowmedianridge,with
Gary Lane (pers. comm. 998) has drawn our minutely crenulate outer margin, with pustulose
1
attention to Adelocrinus Phillips, 1841 from the to minutely ridged surface adorally in
SW
Famennian of Englandwhich he is currently transversely symmetrical pattern,with distal part
revising and which he considers a valid genus smooth except for 2 tiny axial canal openings.
relatedtoArthroacanthabut separated from it by First interprimibrach large, hexagonal, with
having only 1 primibrach (like Wacrinus). In so lateral margins converging distally, at level of
far as bothAdelocrinus and Arthroacantha have axillary primibrach, supporting 2 hexagonal
articulating spines on the cup and this feature interprimibrachs in second level; 2nd row
(presence orabsenceofspines) isnotobservable interprimibrachs with sutural margins to axillary
on thetuberculate W. millardensis its assignment primibrach and to 1st ambulacra! plates of
to one ofthose genera is not possible. However, tegmen, supporting a single large inter-
the current review ofAdelocrinus and/or better ambulacral in most cases but in a few rare cases
material of W. millardensis wouldprovide better (Fig. 91) supporting 2 intcrambulacrals and in 2
understanding ofthe relationships ofthe genera. cases (Figs 7G. 9B) large interambulacral ofAB
The 2 new species described below could be and BC interray resting directly on 1st inter-
separated generically by allying W. millardensis primibrach and separating 2 second row
with the tuberculate Adelocrinus as opposed to interprimibrachs. CD interray with large hex-
the smooth W, caseyensis. We take note of the agonal primanal in radial seriesbutnotas largeas
varietyofornamentondifferentspeciesotHexa- radials; 2 hexagonal plates in 2nd row7 resting on
crinites from tuberculate to ridged to smooth in primanal and with distally converging lateral
assigning the 2 species to the new genus. margins; 3rd row usually with 3 smaller plates
210 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
HQ7 Wacrinuscaseyensisgen ^m.nov.anfromNMVPL193LA3 ArayandbasaIvievreofNMVPI00278
h4o.l5.ofCy-pE,eNbMasVaPl10C0r2a8di0a,la<n2d.HA,rraaddiiaallvfiaecwestooif~NNMMVVPPK10>00227S9,L-<34.F53G3 I.basal.C-DinlerravandoralvifiWSOlj|