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GlobAl GlobAl EdITIon EdITIon EG dl ITo IobA nl A For these Global Editions, the editorial team at Pearson has n I n collaborated with educators across the world to address a wide range t rC o d of subjects and requirements, equipping students with the best possible ur ci tm learning tools. This Global Edition preserves the cutting-edge approach io n and pedagogy of the original, but also features alterations, customization toin a F and adaptation from the north American version. oli res nt si icc Ss c ie n c e E l E v E n T h E d I T I o n S afe C riminalistics r s t e in An Introduction to Forensic Science This is a special edition of an established title widely E lEvEnTh EdITIon used by colleges and universities throughout the world. Pearson published this exclusive edition for the benefit of students outside the United States and Canada. If you R ichard Saferstein purchased this book within the United States or Canada you should be aware that it has been imported without the approval of the Publisher or Author. Pearson Global Edition SAFERSTEIN_1292062029_mech.indd 1 28/03/14 5:41 PM > > > > > > > > > > > > 11 edition Criminalistics An Introduction to Forensic Science Global Edition Richard Saferstein, Ph.D. Forensic Science Consultant, Mt. Laurel, New Jersey Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo # 150233 Cust: Pearson Au: Saferstein Pg. No. 1 C/M/Y/K S4DcESIGaN SrERVlICiESS OlF e A01_SAFE2020_11_GE_FM.Tinidtdle : 1 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science Server: Jobs4 Short / Normal / Long Publishing Services 5/8/14 11:59 AM Acquisitions Editor, Global Edition: Sandhya Ghoshal Editorial Director: Vernon R. 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Printed and bound by Courier Kendallville in The United States of America. # 150233 Cust: Pearson Au: Saferstein Pg. No. 2 C/M/Y/K S4DcESIGaN SrERVlICiESS OlF e A01_SAFE2020_11_GE_FM.Tinidtdle : 2 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science Server: Jobs4 Short / Normal / Long Publishing Services 5/8/14 11:59 AM To the memory of Fran and Michael # 150233 Cust: Pearson Au: Saferstein Pg. No. 3 C/M/Y/K S4DcESIGaN SrERVlICiESS OlF e A01_SAFE2020_11_GE_FM.Tinidtdle : 3 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science Server: Jobs4 Short / Normal / Long Publishing Services 5/8/14 11:59 AM This page is intentionally left blank. # 150233 Cust: Pearson Au: Saferstein Pg. No. 4 C/M/Y/K S4DcESIGaN SrERVlICiESS OlF e A01_SAFE2020_11_GE_FM.Tinidtdle : 4 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science Server: Jobs4 Short / Normal / Long Publishing Services 5/8/14 11:59 AM brief contents preface 11 about the author 17 chapter 1 chapter 11 Science and Technology Drug Abuse and Drug Evidence 277 in Criminal Investigation 21 chapter 12 chapter 2 Forensic Toxicology 317 Crime-Scene Investigation 47 chapter 13 chapter 3 Examination of Metals, Paint, Assessing the Physical Evidence 77 and Soil 345 chapter 4 chapter 14 Crime-Scene Reconstruction: Forensic Serology 371 Bloodstain Evidence 93 chapter 15 chapter 5 DNA: The Indispensable Forensic The Role of Forensic Experts Science Tool 395 in Death Investigation 117 chapter 16 chapter 6 Investigation of Arson Detecting Crimes with Fingerprints 143 and Explosions 425 chapter 7 chapter 17 The Microscope and Its Forensic Scientific Examination Applications 167 of Documents 455 chapter 8 chapter 18 Firearms, Tool Marks, Computer Forensics 473 and Other Impressions 185 chapter 19 chapter 9 Mobile Device Forensics 501 Forensic Analysis of Matter, Light, and Glass 221 appendixes 513 chapter 10 index 525 Evidentiary Value of Hair and Fibers 249 5 # 150233 Cust: Pearson Au: Saferstein Pg. No. 5 C/M/Y/K S4DcESIGaN SrERVlICiESS OlF e A01_SAFE2020_11_GE_FM.Tinidtdle : 5 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science Server: Jobs4 Short / Normal / Long Publishing Services 5/8/14 11:59 AM contents preface 11 about the author 17 The Significance of Physical Evidence 79 chapter 1 Forensic Databases 85 Science and Technology in Criminal Case Files Investigation 21 Gerald Wallace 88 Case Files Definition and Scope of Forensic Science 22 History and Development of The Center City Rapist 88 Forensic Science 24 Case Files Crime Laboratories 27 NIBIN Links Handgun to Suspects 88 Organization of a Crime Laboratory 28 Services of the Crime Laboratory 30 Case Files Functions of the Forensic Scientist 32 Aztec Gold Metallic Hit and Run 89 Case Files Chapter Summary 90 Dr. Coppolino’s Deadly House Calls 36 Review Questions 90 Other Forensic Science Services 39 Application and Critical Thinking 91 Chapter Summary 42 Further References 91 Review Questions 42 Application and Critical Thinking 43 chapter 4 Further References 45 Crime-Scene Reconstruction: chapter 2 Bloodstain Evidence 93 Crime-Scene Investigation 47 Crime-Scene Reconstruction 94 General Features of Bloodstain Processing the Crime Scene 48 Formation 95 Legal Considerations at the Crime Scene 66 Impact Bloodstain Spatter Patterns 97 Chapter Summary 67 More Bloodstain Spatter Patterns 101 Review Questions 68 Application and Critical Thinking 69 Case Files Further References 70 Blood-Spatter Evidence 102 case analysis 70 Other Bloodstain Patterns 104 Case Study Documenting Bloodstain Pattern Evidence 108 The Enrique Camarena Case: A Forensic Nightmare 71 Case Files Bloodstain Reconstruction 110 chapter 3 Chapter Summary 112 Review Questions 112 Assessing the Physical Evidence 77 Application and Critical Thinking 114 Common Types of Physical Evidence 78 Further References 115 6 # 150233 Cust: Pearson Au: Saferstein Pg. No. 6 C/M/Y/K S4cDEaSIGrN SlERVWICESi OSF le A01_SAFE2020_11_GE_FM.Tinidtdle : 6 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science Server: Jobs4 Short / Normal / Long Publishing Services 5/8/14 11:59 AM contentS 7 The Comparison Microscope 171 chapter 5 The Stereoscopic Microscope 173 The Polarizing Microscope 174 The Role of Forensic Experts The Microspectrophotometer 175 in Death Investigation 117 The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 176 Role of the Forensic Pathologist 118 Forensic Palynology: Pollen and Spores as Evidence 178 Role of the Forensic Anthropologist 128 Case Files Case Files Clues from the Cornfield 181 Identifying a Serial Killer’s Victims 134 Role of the Forensic Entomologist 135 Chapter Summary 182 Review Questions 182 Case Files Application and Critical Thinking 183 The Danielle Van Dam Murder Case 136 Further References 183 Chapter Summary 137 Review Questions 138 chapter 8 Application and Critical Thinking 139 Further References 141 Firearms, Tool Marks, and Other Impressions 185 chapter 6 Types of Firearms 186 Detecting Crimes with Bullet and Cartridge Comparisons 188 Automated Firearms Search Systems 194 Fingerprints 143 Case Files History of Fingerprinting 144 Sacco and Vanzetti 195 Fundamental Principles of Fingerprints 145 Gunpowder Residues 198 Classification of Fingerprints 150 Serial Number Restoration 204 Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems 151 Collection and Preservation of Firearms Evidence 205 Methods of Detecting Fingerprints 153 Tool Marks 206 Case Files Other Impressions 209 The Night Stalker 153 Case Files Case Files The O. J. Simpson Trial—Who Left The Mayfield Affair 154 the Impressions at the Crime Scene? 216 Preservation of Developed Prints 160 Chapter Summary 216 Digital Imaging for Fingerprint Review Questions 217 Enhancement 160 Application and Critical Thinking 218 Chapter Summary 162 Further References 219 Review Questions 163 Application and Critical Thinking 164 chapter 9 Further References 165 Forensic Analysis of Matter, chapter 7 Light, and Glass 221 The Microscope and Its Forensic The Nature of Matter 222 Forensic Analysis of Glass 235 Applications 167 Glass Fractures 241 Basics of the Microscope 168 Collection and Preservation The Compound Microscope 169 of Glass Evidence 243 # 150233 Cust: Pearson Au: Saferstein Pg. No. 7 C/M/Y/K S4DcESIGaN SrERVlICiESS OlF e A01_SAFE2020_11_GE_FM.Tinidtdle : 7 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science Server: Jobs4 Short / Normal / Long Publishing Services 5/8/14 11:59 AM 8 contentS Chapter Summary 244 Application and Critical Thinking 314 Review Questions 244 Further References 315 Review Questions for Inside the Science 245 Application and Critical Thinking 246 chapter 12 Further References 247 Forensic Toxicology 317 chapter 10 Role of Forensic Toxicology 318 Toxicology of Alcohol 318 Evidentiary Value of Hair Testing for Intoxication 322 and Fibers 249 Analysis of Blood for Alcohol 327 Forensic Examination of Hair 250 Alcohol and the Law 328 Morphology of Hair 250 The Role of the Toxicologist 331 Identification and Comparison Case Files of Hair 255 Michael Jackson: The Demise Case Files of a Superstar 332 The Central Park Jogger Case Revisited 256 Case Files Collection and Preservation Accidental Overdose: The Tragedy of Hair Evidence 258 of Anna Nicole Smith 333 Forensic Examination of Fibers 259 Case Files Case Files Joann Curley: Caught by a Hair 337 The Ennis Cosby Homicide 259 The Drug Recognition Expert 338 Identification and Comparison Chapter Summary 341 of Manufactured Fibers 264 Review Questions 341 Case Files Review Questions for Inside the Science 342 Fatal Vision Revisited 268 Application and Critical Thinking 343 Collection and Preservation Further References 343 of Fiber Evidence 270 Chapter Summary 271 chapter 13 Review Questions 271 Review Questions for Inside the Science 272 Examination of Metals, Application and Critical Thinking 273 Paint, and Soil 345 Further References 275 Forensic Analysis of Trace Elements 346 chapter 11 Case Files Death by Radiation Poisoning 355 Drug Abuse and Drug Evidence 277 Forensic Examination of Paint 356 Drug Dependence 278 Case Files Types of Drugs 280 The Predator 363 Drug-Control Laws 292 Forensic Analysis of Soil 364 Collection and Preservation of Drug Evidence 294 Case Files Forensic Drug Analysis 294 Soil: The Silent Witness 366 Spectrophotometry 305 Chapter Summary 367 Mass Spectrometry 308 Review Questions 368 Chapter Summary 311 Review Questions for Inside the Science 369 Review Questions 312 Application and Critical Thinking 369 Review Questions for Inside the Science 314 Further References 369 # 150233 Cust: Pearson Au: Saferstein Pg. No. 8 C/M/Y/K S4DcESIGaN SrERVlICiESS OlF e A01_SAFE2020_11_GE_FM.Tinidtdle : 8 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science Server: Jobs4 Short / Normal / Long Publishing Services 5/8/14 11:59 AM contentS 9 chapter 14 chapter 16 Forensic Serology 371 Investigation of Arson and Explosions 425 The Nature of Blood 372 Immunoassay Techniques 376 Forensic Investigation of Arson 426 Forensic Characterization The Chemistry of Fire 426 of Bloodstains 376 Searching the Fire Scene 432 Principles of Heredity 382 Collection and Preservation Forensic Characterization of Semen 384 of Arson Evidence 435 Collection and Preservation Analysis of Flammable Residues 436 of Rape Evidence 387 Explosions and Explosives 437 Case Files Collection and Analysis of Evidence of Explosives 444 A DNA Bonus 390 Chapter Summary 391 Case Files Review Questions 391 Liquid Explosives 445 Review Questions for Inside the Science 392 Chapter Summary 449 Application and Critical Thinking 393 Review Questions 450 Further References 393 Review Questions for Inside the Science 451 Application and Critical Thinking 451 chapter 15 Further References 453 DNA: The Indispensable chapter 17 Forensic Science Tool 395 Scientific Examination What Is DNA? 396 of Documents 455 DNA at Work 398 Replication of DNA 399 Document Examiner 456 DNA Typing with Short Tandem Handwriting Comparisons 456 Repeats 399 Typescript Comparisons 461 The Combined DNA Index System Alterations, Erasures, and Obliterations 463 (CODIS) 410 Other Document Problems 465 Mitochondrial DNA 410 Chapter Summary 470 Case Files Review Questions 471 Cold Case Hit 410 Application and Critical Thinking 471 Collection and Preservation of Biological Further References 471 Evidence for DNA Analysis 413 chapter 18 Case Files Contact Lens Evidence 416 Computer Forensics 473 Case Files From Input to Output: The JonBenét Ramsey How Does the Computer Work? 474 Murder Case 417 Storing and Retrieving Data 479 Chapter Summary 419 Processing the Electronic Crime Scene 480 Review Questions 420 Analysis of Electronic Data 483 Review Questions for Inside the Science 421 Forensic Analysis of Internet Data 489 Application and Critical Thinking 421 Forensic Investigation of Internet Further References 423 Communications 491 # 150233 Cust: Pearson Au: Saferstein Pg. No. 9 C/M/Y/K S4DcESIGaN SrERVlICiESS OlF e A01_SAFE2020_11_GE_FM.Tinidtdle : 9 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science Server: Jobs4 Short / Normal / Long Publishing Services 5/8/14 11:59 AM