Criminal Profiling: International Theory, Research, and Practice

417 Pages·2007·3.524 MB·English

by  George B. Palermo (auth.), Richard N. Kocsis PhD (eds.)

Criminal Profiling
riminal rofiling
C P
International Theory, Research,
and Practice
Edited by
Richard N. Kocsis, PhD
Forensic Psychologist
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Dedication
Ezt a konyvet neked irtam Anyukam szereto fiad Rihard.
v
About the Editor
Richard N. Kocsis, PhD, is a forensic psychologist in private practice. He
is the author/co-author of close to 90 scholarly publications (articles, book
chapters, etc.) on the topics of criminal profiling, serial violent offenders,
and their criminal investigation. He has served as an expert consultant to law
enforcement,emergency,andprosecutionagenciesaswellasprivatelawfirms.
In addition to his clinical and forensic work, he has held various academic
positionsintheareasofforensicpsychologyandcriminologyincludingLecturer
inInvestigations(Policing).In2000,hewasawardedtheAustralianMuseum’s
prestigious Eureka prize for critical thinking in recognition of his scientific
research in the area of criminal profiling.
vii
Preface
International Perspectives into the Practice
and Research of Criminal Profiling
Today criminal profiling is no longer viewed as some secretive,
mysterious technique that police from the United States of America exclu-
sively indulge in when seeking to solve high-profile aberrant forms of crime.
Althoughpopularculturerepresentationsofcriminalprofilingstillmostlyfavor
such depictions by emphasizing this context, the reality is that individuals
from a range of occupational and disciplinary backgrounds from around the
world are involved in the practice loosely referred to as “criminal profiling.”
Different nomenclature is adopted from time to time to describe essentially the
same practice such as “offender profiling,” “psychological profiling,” “person-
alityprofiling,”and“crimeanalysis,”andindeeddifferenttechniquesareoften
employed,butnonethelessasanendeavorprofilinghasexpandedbothinappli-
cation and in popularity across the world.
Criminal profiling has evolved chiefly because researchers and commen-
tatorsfromaroundtheglobehavespentmanyyearsexaminingtheperpetrators
of serious crimes such as murder, rape, and arson. In particular, they have
concentrated their efforts on studying the motivations and actions of violent
offenders while seeking to document the experiences of both the victims and
the perpetrators of crime. Many have also sought to assess the input of inves-
tigative experience employed in criminal investigations and the influence of
expert witnesses on jury decisions and examined at length the assessment
and treatment of the protagonists of crime. Although many practitioners such
as criminologists, sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and police have
devoted much of their time to examining these important issues, many have
donesowithinthecontextofcriminalprofilingandhowsuchstudiescanbetter
inform the practice of profiling.
Criminal profiling at its core is concerned with understanding crime
from the perspective of both the perpetrator and the victim. Specifically, it is
concerned with identifying, that is, predicting who is most likely to offend in
ix
x Preface
given ways and who may be most at risk in terms of being a victim of crime.
Societiesallaroundtheworldhavehistoricallybeeninterestedinunderstanding
andexplainingthephenomenonofcrimeanditsmyriadofmanifestationswhich
is why perhaps the profiling of all manner of crimes has gathered so much
interest around the world and continues to occupy our collective fascination.
Thisbookhassoughttofocusthisinterestincriminalprofilingbybringing
together some of the more interesting analyses undertaken in countries such
as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, France, Belgium, Canada,
Italy, Switzerland, Australia, and of course the United States of America by
drawing together the work of international authors in the field of criminal
profiling. Put simply, the aim of this book is to highlight differing perspectives
and challenges in profiling by discussing work that has been undertaken to
date and identifying the research that remains to be done if criminal profiling
is to be developed into a robust, scientific endeavor. This book is not confined
to examining simply the various applications of profiling and discussing the
various techniques it employs but endeavors to explore the legal and policy
dimensions concerning its admissibility in various criminal jurisdictions and
thetheoreticalassumptionsunderpinningitspractice.Thebroaderintentofthis
book is to encourage continued interest in criminal profiling with the view
to promoting its further development to the point where it can be used in a
reliable,responsiblemanner.Ultimately,itishopedthatcriminalprofilingwill
assist in improving our comprehension of crime in its many and varied forms
and help societies the world over to prevent and combat crime in the future.
Richard N. Kocsis, PhD
Contents
Preface ............................................................ ix
Notes on Contributors............................................... xv
Part I Profiling Crimes of Violence
CHAPTER 1
Homicidal Syndromes: A Clinical Psychiatric Perspective
George B. Palermo.............................................. 3
CHAPTER 2
Offender Profiles and Crime Scene Patterns in Belgian Sexual Murders
Fanny Gerard, Christian Mormont, and Richard N. Kocsis........ 27
CHAPTER 3
Profiling Sexual Fantasy: Fantasy in Sexual Offending
and the Implications for Criminal Profiling
Dion Gee and Aleksandra Belofastov............................. 49
CHAPTER 4
Murder by Manual and Ligature Strangulation: Profiling Crime Scene
Behaviors and Offender Characteristics
Helinä Häkkänen............................................... 73
CHAPTER 5
Criminal Propensity and Criminal Opportunity: An Investigation
of Crime Scene Behaviors of Sexual Aggressors of Women
Eric Beauregard, Patrick Lussier, and Jean Proulx............... 89
xi
xii Contents
Part II New Techniques and Applications
CHAPTER 6
Case Linkage: Identifying Crimes Committed by the Same Offender
Jessica Woodhams, Ray Bull, and Clive R. Hollin ................ 117
CHAPTER 7
Predicting Offender Profiles From Offense and Victim Characteristics
David P. Farrington and Sandra Lambert........................ 135
CHAPTER 8
Criminal Profiling in a Terrorism Context
Geoff Dean..................................................... 169
CHAPTER 9
Geographic Profiling of Terrorist Attacks
Craig Bennell and Shevaun Corey............................... 189
Part III Legal and Policy Considerations
for Criminal Profiling
CHAPTER 10
Criminal Profiling as Expert Evidence?: An International Case Law
Perspective
Caroline B. Meyer.............................................. 207
CHAPTER 11
Criminal Profiling: Impact on Mock Juror Decision Making
and Implications for Admissibility
Anne Marie R. Paclebar, Bryan Myers, and Jocelyn Brineman.... 249
CHAPTER 12
The Phenomenon of Serial Murder and the Judicial Admission
of Criminal Profiling in Italy
Angelo Zappalà and Dario Bosco................................ 263