CRC Handbook of Local Area Network Software : Concepts and Technology

245 Pages·2018·16.786 MB·English

by  Fortier, Paul L

HANDBOOK OF
LOCAL AREA
NETWORK
SOFTWARE

HANDBOOK OF
LOCAL AREA
NETWORK
SOFTWARE
Concepts and Technology
PAULJ.FORTIER
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
First published 1991 by CRC Press
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Reissued 2018 by CRC Press
© 1991 by Multiscience Press, Inc.
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PREFACE
Ever since the successful introduction of the first computer network, Arpanet, in the
late 1960s, hundreds of other computer networks have come into being. These
networks run the gamut from global world networks, national networks, metropolitan
networks, down to local area networks of various sizes and complexity.
With the continuing expansion of the number of host computers (Dec announced
the shipping of the 100,000 th V AX), workstations (Sun, Apollo), personal computers
and terminals, and the attendant increase in processing and information demands, it
can be seen how the role of the network (wide area or otherwise) has expanded and
been solidified. As such we will see more and more of these computing devices being
linked together into networks for the purpose of resource sharing, expanding avail-
ability of resources, information access, and better service to the expanding user base.
To meet the needs of this growing community Local Area Network vendors have
developed new systems and software products providing a myriad of services before
unimaginable.
Local area networks have provided a means for enterprises to expand their comput-
ing resources in a logical controlled fashion. These growing networks have given these
institutions a means to more readily and effectively utilize their most important
corporate resource; INFORMATION. This one element of networking has led to the
current information explosion.
Because of the vastly expanding requirements for computing and information
exchange and sharing, the demands for extended services from the networks has also
skyrocketed. We are seeing another revolution in the computing and technology arena
as that which occurred when operating systems first arrived. That is, ways to simplify
and control the general forms of services required by all are migrating from user
problems to systems developers (vendors) problems. The solutions need to be general
and performed at the system services level.
This systems services software will take on many forms and address diverse
computing problems. For example; information management, electronic mail, built-in
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vi HANDBOOK OF LOCAL AREA NETWORK SOFTWARE
boards, resource sharing, teleconferencing, design management, fault tolerance and
configuration management to name a few. All ofthese software elements will add new
dimensions to the LANs utility to users.
This book will be divided into two parts. The first will be an intensive section
examining the various classes of software utilized in LANs in regards to their structure
and operation. The second section will survey the available LAN software, and discuss
concepts and applications thereof.
The emphasis of this book is to provide to computer scientists, engineers, network
designers, network users, applications programmers and students, the underlying
concepts used in the design, operation and use of viable computer communications
networks. It provides these individuals with an understanding at all levels of a LANs
architecture and uses in todays computing market.
CONTENTS
Preface v
1. INTRODUCTION TO
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 1
Why Local Area Networks? 6
Local Area Network Considerations 6
Geographic 7
Social 7
Technological 8
Hardware and Protocols 8
Media and Topology 8
Interface Units 16
NIU Standards 19
Host Devices 19
Supercomputers 21
Mainframes 22
Minicomputers 22
Workstations 22
Personal Computers and Microprocessors 23
Reference Models 23
The Application 25
Book Model 26
Local Area Networks Software 27
Overview 30
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2. APPLICATIONS 33
Introduction 33
User Data-Processing Functions 33
Resource Sharing 34
Resource Server 36
Examples 40
Tape Server 42
Disk File Server 45
Combined Distributed Server 46
Distributed Processing 47
Model/Simulate/Forecast/planning Software 48
Software Engineering Environments 49
Information Management 52
Graphics 52
Library Searching 53
Database Servers 54
Design 54
Control 54
Summary 55
3. SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 57
Introduction 57
LAN Operating Systems 57
Object-Oriented Paradigm 61
Process-Based Paradigm 62
Remote Procedure Call 64
Database Management 65
User Interfaces 68
Concurrency Control 69
Update Synchronization 71
Dictionary/ Directory 72
Crash Recovery 73
Integrity Checking (Consistency) 75
Security 75
Query Processing and Optimization 76
Security 78
CONTENTS ix
Cryptography 80
Ciphers 80
Cryptoanalysis 93
Summary of DES and Public-Key
Cryptosystems 95
Example of Public-Key Cryptosystem 95
Summary 96
Cryptography References 97
4. TRANSPORT/MONITORING 99
Introduction 99
Error Detection 100
Performance Monitoring 103
Fault Isolation 109
Fault Localization 109
Systems Management 113
System Availability Manager (SAM) 114
Configuration Manager Mode 117
Network Communication Manager 120
Reconfiguration Manager 122
Summary 125
5. DATA LINK/NETWORK 127
Introduction 127
RoutingIFlow Control 127
Flooding 128
Static Routing 129
Adaptive Routing 130
Flow and Congestion Control 131
Addressing and Routing 133
Address Names-Binding and Management 134
Introduction 134
Naming 135
Bindings 136