Cram Session in Goniometry and Manual Muscle Testing: A Handbook for Students and Clinicians

416 Pages·2022·7.134 MB·English

by  Lynn Van Ost MEd RN PT ATC, Jenna Morogiello DAT LAT ATC CSCS

Lynn Van Ost, MEd, Rn, Pt, atC
Doctors of Physical Therapy, LLC
Plainfield, Illinois
JEnna MOROgiELLO, dat, Lat, atC, CsCs
United States Military Academy at West Point
West Point, New York
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© 2023 by SLACK Incorporated
Drs. Lynn Van Ost and Jenna Morogiello have no financial or proprietary interest in the materials presented
herein.
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The procedures and practices described in this publication should be implemented in a manner consistent
with the professional standards set for the circumstances that apply in each specific situation. Every effort
has been made to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to correctly relate generally
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Van Ost, Lynn, author. | Morogiello, Jenna, author.
Title: Cram session in goniometry and manual muscle testing : a handbook
for students & clinicians / Lynn Van Ost, Jenna Morogiello.
Description: Second edition. | Thorofare, NJ : SLACK Incorporated, [2022] |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022030155 (print) | LCCN 2022030156 (ebook) | ISBN 9781630919894 (paperback) |
ISBN 9781630919900 (epub) | ISBN 9781630919917 (pdf)
Subjects: MESH: Arthrometry, Articular--methods | Muscle
Strength--physiology | Muscle Weakness--diagnosis | Handbook
Classification: LCC RD734 (print) | LCC RD734 (ebook) | NLM WE 39 | DDC
616.7/40754--dc23/eng/20220810
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022030155
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022030156
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Dedication
To my dad, William C. Van Ost, MD, who always encouraged me to con-
tinue to grab for the next rung on the ladder.
—Lynn Van Ost, MEd, RN, PT, ATC
To my parents, Nancy and Dan Morogiello, whose unconditional love
never ceases to inspire me.
—Jenna Morogiello, DAT, LAT, ATC, CSCS

Contents
Dedication ..............................................................................................................v
Acknowledgments ...............................................................................................ix
About the Authors ...............................................................................................xi
Preface..................................................................................................................xiii
Goniometry
Section I: Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
The Cervical Spine ...............................................................................................4
Section II: Upper Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
The Scapulothoracic Joint .................................................................................14
The Shoulder (Glenohumeral Joint) ................................................................22
The Elbow (Humeroulnar and Humeroradial Joints) ..................................38
The Forearm (Radioulnar Joint) ......................................................................42
The Wrist (Radiocarpal and Intercarpal Joints) ............................................46
The Fingers—Digits II to V (Metacarpophalangeal Joints) .........................54
The Fingers—Digits II to V (Proximal Interphalangeal Joints)..................62
The Fingers—Digits II to V (Distal Interphalangeal Joints) .......................66
The Thumb (Carpometacarpal Joint) .............................................................70
The Thumb (Metacarpophalangeal Joint) ......................................................80
The Thumb (Interphalangeal Joint) ................................................................84
Section III: Thoracic and Lumbar Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
The Thoracolumbar Spine .................................................................................90
Section IV: Lower Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
The Hip ...............................................................................................................100
The Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) .......................................................................112
Tibial Torsion......................................................................................................116
The Ankle ...........................................................................................................118
The Subtalar Joint (Hindfoot) ........................................................................122
The Transverse Tarsal (Midtarsal) Joint .......................................................126
The First Toe (Metatarsophalangeal Joint) ...................................................130
The First Toe (Interphalangeal Joint) ............................................................136
Toes II to V (Metatarsophalangeal Joints) ....................................................140
Toes II to V (Proximal Interphalangeal Joints) ...........................................144
Toes II to V (Distal Interphalangeal Joints) .................................................148
viii Contents
Section V: Temporomandibular Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
The Temporomandibular Joint .......................................................................154
manual muscle testinG
Key to Manual Muscle Grading .....................................................................163
Section VI: Neck/Upper Extremities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Neck ....................................................................................................................166
Scapula .................................................................................................................174
Shoulder ..............................................................................................................192
Elbow ..................................................................................................................222
Forearm ..............................................................................................................230
Wrist ....................................................................................................................238
Fingers II to V ...................................................................................................246
Thumb ................................................................................................................270
Section VII: Trunk/Lower Extremities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Trunk ..................................................................................................................290
Hip .......................................................................................................................306
Knee ....................................................................................................................338
Ankle ...................................................................................................................346
Great Toe ............................................................................................................362
Toes II to V ........................................................................................................370
aPPenDices
Appendix A: General Procedure for Goniometric Measurement ............378
Appendix B: Commonly Used Terms in Goniometry ................................379
Appendix C: Normal Range of Motion Values in Adults ..........................382
Appendix D: Anatomical Zero .......................................................................386
Appendix E: Capsular Patterns ......................................................................388
Appendix F: General Procedure for Manual Muscle Testing ....................389
Appendix G: Commonly Used Terms in Manual Muscle Testing ...........390
Appendix H: Factors That May Cause Inaccurate Muscle Testing ..........391
Appendix I: Precautions and Contraindications for
Manual Muscle Testing ....................................................................................392
Appendix J: Sample Goniometers, Smartphone Goniometer
Application, and Other Tools for Muscle Testing .......................................394
Bibliography .......................................................................................................397
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the many individuals who assisted us in order to
make this project possible. First and foremost, those at SLACK Incorporated:
Tony Schiavo and the whole production team whose support has been end-
less. We are grateful for your professionalism and guidance.
We are indebted to Michael Raymond, Andrew Overman, Brian Lehrer,
John Bear, and Cleveland Richard, who spent many hours being photo-
graphed for this manual. An additional thank you to Paige McHenry and
Maddie Hansen for your flexibility and patience during our photo sessions.
This book could not have been produced without your help. Our gratitude
is also extended to Karen Manfré, Michelle Bartkowski, Jennifer Mintz,
and Jenine LaFevere for many hours serving as the examiners in the pho-
tographs.