Cost and Fee Allocation in Civil Procedure: A Comparative Study

312 Pages·2012·2.83 MB·English

by  Mathias Reimann (auth.)

COST AND FEE
ALLOCATION IN CIVIL
PROCEDURE
IUS GENTIUM
COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON LAW AND JUSTICE
VOLUME 11
Series Editors
MortimerSellers
(UniversityofBaltimore)
JamesMaxeiner
(UniversityofBaltimore)
Board of Editors
MyroslavaAntonovych(Kyiv-MohylaAcademy)
NadiadeAraujo(PontificalCatholicUniversityofRiodeJaneiro)
JasnaBakšic´-Muftic´ (UniversityofSarajevo)
DavidL.CareyMiller(UniversityofAberdeen)
LoussiaP.MusseFelix(UniversityofBrasília)
EmanuelGross(UniversityofHaifa)
JamesE.HickeyJr.(HofstraUniversity)
JanKlabbers(UniversityofHelsinki)
ClaudiaLimaMarques(FederalUniversityofRioGrandedoSul)
AnicetoMasferrer(UniversityofValencia)
EricMillard(Paris-SudUniversity)
GabriëlMoens(MurdochUniversity,Australia)
RaulC.Pangalangan(TheUniversityofthePhilippines)
RicardoLeitePinto(LusíadaUniversityofLisbon)
MizanurRahman(UniversityofDhaka)
KeitaSato(ChuoUniversity)
PoonamSaxena(UniversityofNewDelhi)
GerrySimpson(LondonSchoolofEconomics)
EduardSomers(UniversityofGhent)
XinqiangSun(ShandongUniversity)
TadeuszTomaszewski(UniversityofWarsaw)
JaapW.deZwaan(NetherlandsInst.ofIntrntl.Relations,Clingendael)
COST AND FEE
ALLOCATION IN CIVIL
PROCEDURE
A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Edited by
MATHIAS REIMANN
123
Editor
MathiasReimann
UniversityofMichigan
LawSchool
625SouthStateStreet
AnnArbor
Michigan48109-1215
USA
ISBN978-94-007-2262-0 e-ISBN978-94-007-2263-7
DOI10.1007/978-94-007-2263-7
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011940127
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Preface
In the last five or so years, the costs of civil litigation and their alloca-
tionbetweenthepartieshavebecomeamajortopicofdiscussioninmany
jurisdictions. Several countries have enacted new legislation liberalizing
the market for legal services; international tribunals such as the European
Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights have struggled
withissuesofaccesstojustice;expertshavebeentaskedwiththewritingof
Reports on civil litigation costs to guide further reform; and scholars have
published books and papers. Almost suddenly, it seems, lawmakers, legal
practitioners, and academics have come to realize that few, if any, factors
shape civil litigation as strongly and pervasively as who pays for what and
howmuch.
This volume presents a thoroughly comparative approach to the topic.
It contains a broad study on “Cost and Fee Allocation in Civil Procedure”
drawingondatafromalmost40jurisdictionsinsixcontinents.Thisstudyis
basedontheGeneralReportcommissionedbytheInternationalAcademy
of Comparative Law and written for the XVIIIth World Congress of Com-
parative Law in Washington, DC, in the summer of 2010. The volume also
presents25chaptersoncostandfeeallocationinparticularsystemsaround
theglobe,coveringcivillaw,commonlaw,andvariouslymixedjurisdictions
inEurope,NorthandLatinAmerica,Asia,andAustralia.Thesechaptersare
derivedfromtheNationalReportspresentedattheXVIIIthWorldCongress
but they were written specifically for inclusion in this book and with a
view to highlighting the particular characteristics of the respective sys-
tems. Some National Reporters chose not to participate in this endeavor;
allNationalReportsareaccessibleunderhttp://www-personal.umich.edu/~
purzel/national_reports/.
Thepicturethatemergesisoneofgreatcomplexitybutitalsoshowssev-
eral pervasive features and trends: an almost ubiquitous struggle with the
highcostsofcivillitigationandoftenwithproblemsofaccesstojusticefor
most of the population; an increasing liberalization of the rules governing
lawyer fees and a concomitant rise of success oriented modes of remuner-
ation; and a growing reliance on methods of cost spreading through legal
v
vi Preface
insurance, class actions, outside litigation financing, and other means. On
the whole, the study suggests, the problems with high civil litigation costs
and their allocation between the parties are more severe and pervasive in
common law system than in civil law jurisdictions, and it proffers a few
explanationsforthatobservation.
Iamgratefultoallcontributorstothisvolumemostofwhomhadtoput
upwithmyrepeateddemandsforrevision,clarification,andamendmentof
their chapters, and I thank them for their cooperation and patience. I am
alsoindebtedtomyresearchassistantsSarahBullardandAlexanderFiedler
whoprovidedmuchbackgroundinformation.Finally,mysecretaryCynthia
Bever helped to keep track of the many contributions and to enforce the
inevitabledeadlines.
AnnArbor MathiasReimann
June2011
Contents
PartI GeneralReport
1 CostandFeeAllocationinCivilProcedure:ASynthesis . . . . 3
MathiasReimann
PartII NationalReports
2 The Price of Access to the Civil Courts
inAustralia–Old Problems, New Solutions:
ACommercialLitigationFundingCaseStudy . . . . . . . . . . 59
CamilleCameron
3 LitigatinginAustria–AreCostsandFeesWorthIt? . . . . . . 69
MarianneRoth
4 “Everything Costs Its Own Cost, and One of Our Best
Virtues Is a Just Desire To Pay It.” An Analysis of
BelgianLaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
IlseSamoyandVincentSagaert
5 MajorShifting:TheBrazilianWay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
AlexandreAlcinodeBarrosandSílviaJulioBuenodeMiranda
6 The Irrelevance of Costs Rules to Litigation Rates:
TheExperienceofQuebecandCommonLawCanada . . . . . 99
H.PatrickGlenn
7 The Double Face of Cost and Fee Allocation
intheCzechRepublic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
JanHurdík
8 CostWarsinEnglandandWales:TheInsurersStrikeBack . . 117
RichardMoorhead
9 CostandFeeAllocationinFinland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
JarkkoMännistö
vii
viii Contents
10 Larépartitiondesfraisenprocédurecivilefrançaise . . . . . . 137
NicolasCayrol
11 CostandFeeAllocationinGermanCivilProcedure. . . . . . . 151
BurkhardHessandRudolfHuebner
12 Lawyers’ Fees in Greece at a Turning Point: Recent
LegislativeChangesinLitigationCosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
KalliopiMakridou
13 ShiftingSandsandPyrrhicVictories–TheCaseofIndia . . . . 171
NeelaBadami
14 It’s for the Judges to Decide: Allocation of Trial Costs
inIsraelReportonIsrael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
TaliaFisherandIssiRosen-Zvi
15 Italy:ATaleofSuccessfulResistance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
AlessandraDeLuca
16 Recent Issues of Cost and Fee Allocation in Japanese
CivilProcedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
ManabuWagatsuma
17 Attorney Fee Arrangements Really Matter in Terms
ofAccesstoJusticeinKorea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
GyoohoLee
18 TheParticularitiesoftheMacauSpecialAdministrative
Region of the People’s Republic of China: Legislation
onCostsandFeesinCivilProcedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
CândidadaSilvaAntunesPires
19 CostandFeeAllocationintheNetherlands . . . . . . . . . . . 219
MarcoB.M.Loos
20 Court Costs and Fee Allocation in the Russian
Federation:ACivilLawSystemwithaFreeMarket . . . . . . . 229
AlenaZaytseva
21 Rigidity,DiscretionandPotentialReform:CostandFee
AllocationinScotland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
GregGordon
22 Cost and Fee Allocation in Slovenia – From Major
toPartialShifting? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
NinaBetetto
23 TheSystemofCostsinSpanishCivilProcedure . . . . . . . . . 259
FranciscoLópezSímoandJoséÁngelTorresLana
24 LoserPays–ButOnlyaReasonableAmount. . . . . . . . . . . 267
MartinSunnqvist
Contents ix
25 PriceyButPredictable:CivilLitigationCostsandTheir
AllocationinSwitzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
CasparZellweger
26 TheAmerican“Rule”:AssuringtheLionHisShare . . . . . . . 287
JamesR.Maxeiner
AuthorBiographies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
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