Corrosion protection and control using nanomaterials

417 Pages·2012·45.433 MB·English

by  Viswanathan S Saji, Ronald Cook

Corrosion protection and control using nanomaterials
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Related titles:
Laser surface modifi cation of metals for corrosion and erosion resistance
(ISBN 978-0-85709-015-7)
Laser surface modifi cation (LSM) offers many advantages over conventional surface
engineering technologies. LSM can selectively modify surface composition and
microstructure without having an adverse effect on surrounding material properties or
causing serious thermal distortion. This book reviews a range of LSM techniques.
Part I discusses methods for improving corrosion and cracking resistance. Part II
considers techniques for improving erosion-corrosion resistance for metals exposed to
hostile environmental conditions.
Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of metals in energy technologies Volume 1: The
problem, its characterisation and effects on particular alloy classes
(ISBN 978-1-84569-677-1)
This important two-volume book reviews the problem of degradation of metals and
other materials exposed to hydrogen. The fi rst part of Volume 1 begins by discussing
how the problem of gaseous hydrogen embrittlement affects such sectors as the
petrochemicals, automotive, nuclear and other energy industries. Part II reviews ways
of characterising and testing for hydrogen-assisted fatigue and fracture. A fi nal group
of chapters analyse the ways gaseous hydrogen embrittlement affects high-performance
steels, superalloys, titanium and aluminium alloys.
Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of metals in energy technologies Volume 2:
Mechanisms, modelling and future developments
(ISBN 978-0-85709-536-7)
This important two-volume book reviews the problem of degradation of metals and
other materials exposed to hydrogen. The fi rst part of Volume 2 reviews the mechanisms
of hydrogen embrittlement, including absorption, diffusion and trapping of hydrogen
in metals. Part II discusses ways of modelling hydrogen-induced damage and assessing
service life. The fi nal section in the book assesses future trends in research.
Details of these and other Woodhead Publishing materials books can be obtained by:
• visiting our web site at www.woodheadpublishing.com
• contacting Customer Services (e-mail: [email protected]; fax:
[phone]; tel.: [phone] ext. 130; address: Woodhead
Publishing Limited, 80 High Street, Sawston, Cambridge CB22 3HJ, UK)
• contacting our US offi ce (e-mail: [email protected];
tel. [phone]; address: Woodhead Publishing, 1518 Walnut Street, Suite
1100, Philadelphia, PA 19102-3406, USA)
If you would like e-versions of our content, please visit our online platform: www.
woodheadpublishingonline.com. Please recommend it to your librarian so that
everyone in your institution can benefi t from the wealth of content on the site.
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Corrosion
protection and control
using nanomaterials
Edited by
Viswanathan S. Saji and Ronald Cook
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited,
80 High Street, Sawston, Cambridge CB22 3HJ, UK
www.woodheadpublishing.com
www.woodheadpublishingonline.com

Woodhead Publishing, 1518 Walnut Street, Suite 1100, Philadelphia, PA 19102-3406, USA
Woodhead Publishing India Private Limited, G-2, Vardaan House, 7/28 Ansari Road,
Daryaganj, New Delhi – 110002, India
www.woodheadpublishingindia.com
First published 2012, Woodhead Publishing Limited
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
The authors have asserted their moral rights.
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources.
Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publishers
cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials. Neither the authors nor the
publishers, nor anyone else associated with this publication, shall be liable for any loss,
damage or liability directly or indirectly caused or alleged to be caused by this book.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfi lming and recording, or
by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
Woodhead Publishing Limited.
The consent of Woodhead Publishing Limited does not extend to copying for general
distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specifi c permission
must be obtained in writing from Woodhead Publishing Limited for such copying.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation, without intent to
infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011943548
ISBN 978-1-84569-949-9 (print)
ISBN 978-0-85709-580-0 (online)
The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable
forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp which is processed using
acid-free and elemental chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that
the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation
standards.
Typeset by Refi neCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk, UK
Printed by TJI Digital, Padstow, Cornwall, UK
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Contents
Contributor contact details xi
Preface xv
Part I Corrosion behaviour and manufacture of
nanocrystalline materials 1
1 The impact of nanotechnology on reducing
corrosion cost 3
V. S. S AJI , Korea University, South Korea
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Nanotechnology and corrosion 5
1.3 Corrosion/oxidation behavior of nanostructured materials 7
1.4 Nanomaterials in corrosion prevention 8
1.5 Conclusions 13
1.6 References 14
2 Corrosion and nanomaterials: thermodynamic
and kinetic factors 16
S. R OY , Newcastle University, UK
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Corrosion 18
2.3 Thermodynamics 19
2.4 Kinetics 22
2.5 Applications 28
2.6 Conclusions 30
2.7 References 30
3 Understanding the corrosion resistance of
nanocrystalline materials: the infl uence of grain size 34
X. Y. Z HANG , Chongqing University, China
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Grain boundary and electron movement: the corrosion
mechanism of nanocrystalline metals 34
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
vi Contents
3.3 Theory of interaction between the grain boundary of
nanocrystalline metals and electron movement 36
3.4 Lattice distortion, Fermi energy and Fermi velocity of
nanocrystalline metals 41
3.5 Infl uence of reduction in grain size 43
3.6 Conclusions 54
3.7 References 55
4 Understanding the corrosion resistance of
nanocrystalline materials: electrochemical
infl uences 59
L. YI NG and L. LI , Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
4.1 Introduction 59
4.2 Active dissolution of nanocrystalline materials in a
liquid system 60
4.3 Passivation ability of nanocrystalline materials 62
4.4 Pitting corrosion of nanocrystalline metals 76
4.5 Effect of grain size on electrochemical corrosion behaviors 80
4.6 Conclusions 83
4.7 References 83
5 Electrodeposition: the versatile technique for
nanomaterials 86
D. SOBHA J AYAKRISHNAN , CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research
Institute, India
5.1 Introduction 86
5.2 Nanomaterials applied by electrodeposition 89
5.3 Special techniques for grain size reduction 92
5.4 Electrodeposited nanomaterials 100
5.5 Corrosion resistance of electrodeposited nanomaterials 113
5.6 Conclusions 118
5.7 Acknowledgments 118
5.8 References 118
Part II The use of nanomaterials in corrosion control 127
6 Moderate temperature oxidation protection using
nanocrystalline structures 129
R. K. S INGH RA MAN , Monash University, Australia and P. SI NGH ,
University of Connecticut, USA
6.1 Introduction 129
6.2 Structure and properties of nanocrystalline metals 130
6.3 Thermal stability and synthesis of nanocrystalline
metals and alloys 131
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Contents vii
6.4 Degradation of nanocrystalline metals and alloys by
environment 134
6.5 Oxidation resistance of nanocrystalline metals/alloys 135
6.6 Conclusions 142
6.7 Acknowledgements 142
6.8 References 142
7 High temperature oxidation protection using
nanocrystalline coatings 146
W. G AO and Z. LI , The University of Auckland, New Zealand
and Y. H E , University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
7.1 Introduction 146
7.2 High temperature oxidation resistant metallic coatings 148
7.3 Ceramic coatings for high temperature oxidation protection 158
7.4 Conclusions 163
7.5 Acknowledgements 163
7.6 References 163
8 Nanocoatings to improve the tribocorrosion
performance of materials 167
T. S. N. S ANKARA N ARAYANAN , National Metallurgical Laboratory, India
8.1 Introduction 167
8.2 The role of nanoparticles in tribocorrosion 171
8.3 Tribocorrosion resistance and nanocrystalline coatings 184
8.4 Conclusions 205
8.5 Acknowledgments 205
8.6 References 206
9 Self-healing nanocoatings for corrosion control 213
M. G. S. F ERREIRA , M. L. ZH ELUDKEVICH , J. T EDIM and
K. A. Y ASAKAU , University of Aveiro, Portugal
9.1 Introduction 213
9.2 Concept of ‘self-healing’ 214
9.3 Polymer bulk composites and coatings 215
9.4 Traditional conversion coatings 217
9.5 Sol–gel silane coatings 221
9.6 Sol–gel coatings with nanoreservoirs 232
9.7 Conductive polymer coatings 244
9.8 Conclusions 252
9.9 References 253
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
viii Contents
10 The use of nanoreservoirs in corrosion
protection coatings 264
D. G. S HCHUKIN and D. O. G RIGORIEV , Max-Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces, Germany
10.1 Introduction 264
10.2 Nanocontainers in coatings 268
10.3 Conclusions 276
10.4 References 277
11 Nanoparticle-based corrosion inhibitors and
self-assembled monolayers 283
S. R AJENDRAN , RVS School of Engineering and Technology,
Dindigul, India
11.1 Introduction 283
11.2 Surface-modifi ed nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitors 285
11.3 Cerium-activated nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitors 286
11.4 Functionalized nanoparticles and nanostructures as carriers 287
11.5 Nanoparticle-based biocides 289
11.6 Self-assembled nanofi lms as corrosion inhibitors 290
11.7 Conclusions 299
11.8 References 299
12 Sol–gel nanocoatings for corrosion protection 304
S. S. P ATHAK and A. S. K HANNA , Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, India
12.1 Introduction 304
12.2 Nanotechnology in coatings 305
12.3 Sol–gel coatings: historical perspective and chemistry 307
12.4 Critical features of sol–gel coatings for corrosion protection 311
12.5 Corrosion-resistant sol–gel coatings 315
12.6 Organosilane and conventional organic polymer derived
sol–gel coatings 323
12.7 Industrial applications of sol–gel coatings 325
12.8 Conclusions 326
12.9 Acknowledgement 326
12.10 References 326
13 Polymer nanocomposites in corrosion control 330
C.-J. W ENG , C.-H. C HANG and J.-M. Y EH , Chung Yuan Christian
University, Taiwan
13.1 Introduction 330
13.2 Structure of clay 333
13.3 Polymer/clay nanocomposite (PCN) structures 335
13.4 Methods for synthesizing PCN 336
13.5 Anticorrosive properties 338
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Contents ix
13.6 Conclusions 351
13.7 References 351
14 Nanocoatings for corrosion protection of
aerospace alloys 357
R. A SMATULU , Wichita State University, USA
14.1 Introduction 357
14.2 Nanotechnology-associated approaches 364
14.3 Conclusions 371
14.4 Acknowledgment 372
14.5 References 372
15 Nanoscience and biomaterial corrosion control 375
M. B OBBY K ANNAN , James Cook University, Australia and
V. S. S AJI , Korea University, South Korea
15.1 Introduction 375
15.2 General and localized corrosion in orthopaedics and
dental implants 376
15.3 Nanostructured biomaterials 380
15.4 Nanoscale surface modifi cations and corrosion resistance 381
15.5 Nanostructured ceramic coatings 383
15.6 Resorbable biomaterials: nanoscale approaches 385
15.7 Conclusions 389
15.8 References 389
Index 393
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012