Corporate Social Responsibility in Management and Engineering

260 Pages·2018·11.807 MB·English

by  Carolina Machado, Joao Paulo Davim

River Publishers Series in Management Sciences and Engineering
Corporate Social Responsibility in
Management and Engineering
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River Publishers River Publishers
Corporate Social Responsibility in
Management and Engineering
RIVER PUBLISHERS SERIES IN MANAGEMENT
SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
SeriesEditors
CAROLINAMACHADO JOA˜OPAULODAVIM
UniversityofMinho UniversityofAveiro
Portugal Portugal
Indexing: All books published in this series are submitted to the Web of Science Book Citation
Index(BkCI),toCrossRefandtoGoogleScholar.
The “River Publishers Series in Management Sciences and Engineering” looks to publish high
quality books on management sciences and engineering. Providing discussion and the exchange
of information on principles, strategies, models, techniques, methodologies and applications of
management sciences and engineering in the field of industry, commerce and services, it aims
tocommunicatethelatestdevelopmentsandthinkingonthemanagementsubjectworld-wide.It
seekstolinkmanagementsciencesandengineeringdisciplinestopromotesustainabledevelopment,
highlightingculturalandgeographicdiversityinstudiesofhumanresourcemanagementandengi-
neeringandusesthathaveaspecialimpactonorganizationalcommunications,changeprocesses
andworkpractices,reflectingthediversityofsocietalandinfrastructuralconditions.
The main aim of this book series is to provide channel of communication to disseminate
knowledgebetweenacademics/researchersandmanagers.Thisseriescanserveasausefulreference
for academics, researchers, managers, engineers, andother professionals in related matters with
managementsciencesandengineering.
Bookspublishedintheseriesincluderesearchmonographs,editedvolumes,handbooksand
textbooks.Thebooksprovideprofessionals,researchers,educators,andadvancedstudentsinthe
fieldwithaninvaluableinsightintothelatestresearchanddevelopments.
Topicscoveredintheseriesinclude,butarebynomeansrestrictedtothefollowing:
• HumanResourcesManagement
• CultureandOrganisationalBehaviour
• HigherEducationforSustainability
• SMEManagement
• StrategicManagement
• EntrepreneurshipandBusinessStrategy
• InterdisciplinaryManagement
• ManagementandEngineeringEducation
• KnowledgeManagement
• OperationsStrategyandPlanning
• SustainableManagementandEngineering
• ProductionandIndustrialEngineering
• MaterialsandManufacturingProcesses
• ManufacturingEngineering
• InterdisciplinaryEngineering
Foralistofotherbooksinthisseries,visitwww.riverpublishers.com
Corporate Social Responsibility in
Management and Engineering
Editors
Carolina Machado
UniversityofMinho
Portugal
Joa˜o Paulo Davim
UniversityofAveiro
Portugal
River Publishers
Published,soldanddistributedby:
RiverPublishers
Alsbjergvej10
9260Gistrup
Denmark
RiverPublishers
LangeGeer44
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TheNetherlands
Tel.:[phone]
www.riverpublishers.com
ISBN:978-87-93609-61-7(Hardback)
978-87-93609-60-0(Ebook)
(cid:13)c2018RiverPublishers
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin
aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,mechanical,
photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionof
thepublishers.
Contents
Preface xi
ListofContributors xiii
ListofFigures xv
ListofTables xvii
1 TheBoundariesofCorporateSocialResponsibility:
AManagerialPerspective 1
DavidStarr-Glass
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 TheSingularityofCorporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.1 UniqueAttributesofCorporations . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.2 FictitiousEntityorContractualNexus? . . . . . . . 7
1.3 DualismsandDilemmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.1 RecognizingDualismsandRespondingtoDilemmas 9
1.3.2 ReframingDualisms,AvoidingDilemmas,
andNegotiatingImpasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3.3 InternalStakeholdersandMicro-level
CSRDilemmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4 TripleBottomLinesandTrilemmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4.1 TripleBottomLinePerspectives . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4.2 CorporateTrilemmasandSensemaking . . . . . . . 15
1.5 TheBoundariesofCorporateSocialResponsibility . . . . . 17
1.5.1 MotivationsforCorporateSocialResponsibility. . . 18
1.5.2 ParallelUniversesandPorousBoundaries . . . . . . 19
1.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
v
vi Contents
2 Future-FocusedEntrepreneurshipAssessment(FFEA) 31
NikoRoorda
2.1 MotivationsforCSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.1.1 MaslowforCSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.1.2 Future-ProofResilienceofCompanies
andSociety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2 (Not)ReadyfortheFuture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2.1 TheEastmanKodakCase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2.2 TheXeroxCase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.2.3 TheMusicIndustryCase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3 TheFourPerspectivesofFuture-FocusedEntrepreneurship
Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.3.1 TravelingtowardtheFuture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.3.2 CompanyPerspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.3.3 CumulativePerspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.4 TheFFEASystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.4.1 TheFiveModulesofFuture-Focused
EntrepreneurshipAssessment . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.4.2 SixTopicstoEachModule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.4.3 TheRoyalDutchShellCase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.4.4 DetailsoftheFFEASystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.5 ApplicationofFFEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.5.1 AssessmentPrinciples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.5.2 TheFFEAAssessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.5.2.1 Individualscoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.5.2.2 Consensusmeeting . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.5.3 TheResults,or:WhatYouGet . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.5.4 MSPOE:FromMissiontoStrategytoPolicy
toOperationstoEvaluationtoMission . . . . . . . 72
2.6 FFEACaseStudies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
2.6.1 TheTilburgMentaalCase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
2.6.2 TheInventiveCase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.7 TheFFEAExtensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
2.7.1 AnExtensionforTopicS1:TheCSRMotivation
MixAssessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
2.7.2 AnExtensionforTopicI4:STELES,TheSelf-Test
ofLeadershipStyles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2.7.3 AnExtensionforTopicsP4andO4:RESFIA+D,
ortheSevenCompetences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Contents vii
2.7.4 AnExtensionforTopicI6:TheFFEACertificate
forFuture-ProofResilience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.8 OriginsandTheoreticalBackgroundsofFFEA . . . . . . . 86
2.8.1 ManagementModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
2.8.2 QualityManagement;Environmental
Management;CSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2.8.3 AISHE:AssessmentandCertification
ofSustainabilityinHigherEducation . . . . . . . . 88
2.9 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3 CorporateSocialResponsibility:TheCaseofEastTimor
Multinationals 99
CarlaFreire,ManuelBritoandIrisBarbosa
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.2 TheoreticalFramework:CorporateSocialResponsibility
Theories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.2.1 TheStakeholderTheory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.2.2 TheInstitutionalTheory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
3.2.3 TheTheoryofLegitimacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
3.2.4 MultipleApproaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3.3 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3.3.1 ProcedureandDescriptionoftheDataCollection
Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3.3.2 SampleDescription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3.4.1 IdentifyingtheStakeholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3.4.2 BalancingMoralandEconomicMotivations
inCSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
3.4.3 PursuingLegitimacyandtheLicense
toOperate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.4.4 AdjustingParent-companyPolicies
toLocalNeeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
3.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4 GenderDiversityandEqualityintheBoardroom:
ImpactsofGenderQuotaImplementationinPortugal 147
MaraSousaandMariaJoa˜oSantos
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
viii Contents
4.2 TheoreticalFramework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.2.1 GenderQuotasintheBoardroom . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.2.1.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.2.1.2 Quotas:Controversiesanddilemmas . . . 150
4.2.1.3 Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4.3 EmpiricalStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.3.1 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.3.2 PortugueseContext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
4.3.3 LegislativeFrameworkinPortugal . . . . . . . . . . 161
4.3.4 AnalysisoftheInterviewResults . . . . . . . . . . 162
4.3.4.1 Perceptionsofgenderequality . . . . . . 162
4.3.4.2 Perceptionsofgenderdiversityimpacts . . 165
4.3.4.3 Viewsonquotas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
4.3.5 DiscussionofResults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
4.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
5 ReconstructingCSRintheConstructionIndustry 181
KwasiDartey-Baah,KwesiAmponsah-Tawiah
andYawA.Debrah
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5.2 TheoreticalUnderpinnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5.2.1 CorporateSocialResponsibility(CSR) . . . . . . . 184
5.2.2 HistoryandNatureofCorporateSocial
ResponsibilityinGhana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
5.2.3 FactorsthatDriveCSRinGhana . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5.2.4 SectorialAnalysisofCSRActivitiesinGhana . . . 187
5.2.5 InstitutionalandRegulatoryFrameworkofCSR
inGhana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
5.3 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
5.4 ResultsandDiscussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
5.4.1 RespondentDemographics(Section1ofthe
Instrument) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
5.4.2 PerspectivesonCSRamongConstructionWorkers
(Section2oftheInstrument) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
5.4.2.1 Knowledgeandconceptualization
ofCSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Contents ix
5.4.2.2 CSRdirectionofconstructionfirms
inGhana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
5.4.2.3 DriversofCSRintheconstruction
industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
5.4.2.4 Natureoffirm’soperation . . . . . . . . . 198
5.4.2.5 Environmentalsustainabilityfactors . . . 198
5.4.2.6 Stakeholderandlegalandinstitutional
pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
5.4.2.7 HumanitarianandHumanRights
reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
5.4.2.8 Managementdiscretion . . . . . . . . . . 201
5.4.3 Profession’sInfluenceonFirms’CSRPractice
(Section3oftheInstrument) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
5.4.3.1 Theinfluenceofprofessionon
respondents’conceptualizationofCSR . . 202
5.4.3.2 Theinfluenceofrespondents’profession
onfirms’directionofCSR . . . . . . . . 204
5.5 ImplicationandConclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
6 Work–FamilyConciliationPolicies:AnsweringtoCorporate
SocialResponsibility–ACaseStudy 213
AdrianaFariaandCarolinaFelicianaMachado
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
6.2 ConciliatoryWork–FamilyOrganizationalPolicies . . . . . 215
6.3 MethodologicalOptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
6.4 CaseStudy:AnalysisandDiscussionofResults . . . . . . . 219
6.4.1 CompanyCharacterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
6.4.2 HumanResourceCharacterization . . . . . . . . . . 220
6.4.3 HumanResourceManagementPractices. . . . . . . 221
6.4.4 DiversityManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
6.4.5 OrganizationalPoliciesforWork–Family
Conciliation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
6.5 FinalConsiderations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Index 233
AbouttheEditors 239