Core topics in cardiothoracic critical care PDF
Preview Core topics in cardiothoracic critical care
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information i Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information iii Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Second Edition Edited by Kamen Valchanov Papworth Hospital Nicola Jones Papworth Hospital Charles W Hogue Northwestern University in Chicago © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information iv University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314– 321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 79 Anson Road, #06-0 4/ 06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107131637 DOI: 10.1017/9781316443415 © Cambridge University Press 2008, 2018 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2008 Reprinted 2008 Second edition 2018 Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd. Padstow Cornwall A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN 978- 1- 107- 13163- 7 Hardback Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/CardiothoracicMCQ Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-p arty internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information that is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors, and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors, and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book. Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information v Contents List of Contributors page ix Foreword xv Nick Fletcher Preface to the Second Edition xvii Link between Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care: Which Patients are Admitted to Critical Care? xix Andrew Klein Scoring Systems and Prognosis xxiii Allanah Barker and Sam Nashef List of Abbreviations xxix Section 1 – Diagnosis 9 Chest Drainage 70 Alia Noorani and Yasir Abu- Omar 1 History and Examination 1 10 Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation 77 Lachlan Miles and Joseph E Arrowsmith Sérgio Barra and Patrick Heck 2 Electrocardiography 7 11 Arterial and Venous Catheterisation and David Begley Invasive Monitoring 86 3 Echocardiography in the Cardiothoracic Stuart A Gillon, Nicholas A Barrett and Intensive Care Unit 15 Christopher IS Meadows Ghislaine Douflé and Andrew Roscoe 4 Coronary Angiography 22 Section 3 – Therapeutic Intervention Unni Krishnan and Stephen P Hoole 5 Bronchoscopy in the Cardiothoracic 12 Antibiotics in the Cardiothoracic Intensive Intensive Care Unit 28 Care Unit 95 Sumit Chatterji and Pasupathy Sivasothy Oana Cole and Olly Allen 6 Microbiology Testing 38 13 Blood Products and Transfusion 107 A Ruth M Kappeler and Margaret I Gillham Martin Besser 7 Radiology for Cardiothoracic 14 Fluid Administration 116 Intensivists 44 Vasileios Zochios and Kamen Valchanov Kristian H Mortensen, Peter A Barry and Deepa Gopalan 15 Inotropes and Vasopressors 123 Gabriel Kleinman, Shahzad Shaefi and Section 2 – Practical Procedures Charles Shayan 16 Sedation and Analgesia 130 8 Airway Management in Cardiothoracic Lachlan Miles and Barbora Parizkova Intensive Care: Intubation and Tracheostomy 59 17 Mechanical Ventilation 142 Martin John and Christiana Burt Anja Schneider and Erik Ortmann v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information vi Contents 18 Renal Replacement Therapy 149 30 Systemic Hypertension in Cardiothoracic Jonah Powell- Tuck, Matt Varrier and Marlies Critical Care 263 Ostermann Antonio Rubino and Susan Stevenson 19 Nutritional Support for Cardiac Surgery and 31 Pulmonary Hypertension in the Intensive Care 157 Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit 272 Peter Faber Mark Toshner and Joanna Pepke- Zaba 20 Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation 164 32 The Infected Patient 278 Adam Baddeley and Allaina Eden Simon J Finney 33 Seizures 285 Section 4 – Advanced Organ Support Ari Ercole and Lara Prisco 34 The Acute Abdomen in the Cardiac 21 Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Intensive Care Unit 294 Support 173 Simon JA Buczacki and Justin Davies Evgeny Pavlushkov and Marius Berman 35 Cardiothoracic Trauma 301 22 Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD) 180 Alia Noorani and Ravi J De Silva Harikrishna M Doshi and Steven SL Tsui 36 The Bleeding Cardiac Surgical 23 Cardiac Extracorporeal Membrane Patient 307 Oxygenation 193 Jerrold H Levy, Kamrouz Ghadimi and Jason M Ali and David P Jenkins Ian J Welsby 24 Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Cardiothoracic Intensive Section 6 – Perioperative Care: Care Unit 202 Darryl Abrams and Daniel Brodie The Patient Post Cardiac Surgery 37 Management after Coronary Artery Section 5 – Acute Disorders Bypass Grafting Surgery 313 Sam Nashef and Paolo Bosco 25A Resuscitation after Adult Cardiac Surgery 211 38 Intensive Care Unit Management Jonathan H Mackay Following Valve Surgery 317 Yasir Abu- Omar and Shakil Farid 25B Out-o f-H ospital Cardiac Arrest Patients in the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care 39 Pulmonary Endarterectomy Patients in Unit 220 Cardiothoracic Critical Care 324 Lisen Hockings and Sophia Fisher Choo Yen Ng 26 Airway Emergencies 231 40 Heart Transplantation 333 Tom P Sullivan and Guillermo Martinez Stephen J Pettit and Anna Kydd 27 Chest Pain as a Symptom on the 41 Lung Transplantation 340 Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit 241 JS Parmar Will Davies 42 Aortic Surgical Patients in the Intensive 28 Acute Dyspnoea and Respiratory Care Unit 347 Failure 247 Pedro Catarino and Swetha Iyer Ken Kuljit Parhar 43 Thoracic Surgical Patients 356 29 Shock in the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care J Irons and S Ghosh Unit 256 Fabio Guarracino and Rubia Baldassarri vi © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information vii Contents Section 7 – Disease Management 52 Difficult to Wean from Mechanical Ventilation Patients in the Cardiothoracic in the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Intensive Care Unit 434 Unit: Incidence; Aetiology; Diagnosis; Michael G Davies Prognosis; Treatment Section 8 – Provision and Delivery of 44 Respiratory Disorders: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 365 Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Alastair Proudfoot and Charlotte Summers 53 Cardiothoracic Critical Care Nursing, 45 Cardiovascular Disorders: the Heart Failure Outreach and Follow- up 441 Patient in the Intensive Care Unit 372 Jo- anne Fowles Anna Kydd and Jayan Parameshwar 54 Systems and Processes in Cardiothoracic 46 Neurological Aspects of Cardiac Surgery 380 Critical Care 445 Max S Damian James Moore and Alain Vuylsteke 47 Postoperative Delirium 392 55 Clinical Information Systems 449 Makeida B Koyi, Joseph G Hobelmann and Matthew Jones Karin J Neufeld 56 Medical Law and Ethics in the Cardiothoracic 48 Haematological Disorders and Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit 456 Intensive Care 402 Oana Cole Jerrold H Levy, Kamrouz Ghadimi and 57 Training in Cardiothoracic Intensive Ian Welsby Care 462 49 Pregnancy and Cardiovascular Disorders 408 Amy Needham and Chinmay Padvardthan Kiran Salaunkey 50 Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care 418 Ajay Desai, Lidia Casanueva and Duncan Macrae Exercise Answers 467 51 Grown- up Congenital Heart Disease (GUCH) Index 471 Patients in the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit 427 Colour plates are to be found between Susanna Price and Niki Walker pages 230 and 231. vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information ix Contributors Darryl Abrams Peter A Barry Department of Medicine, Columbia University Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, London, UK NY, USA David Begley Yasir Abu- Omar Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK Marius Berman Jason M Ali Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK Olly Allen Martin Besser Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK Joseph E Arrowsmith Paolo Bosco Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK Adam Baddeley Daniel Brodie Department of Physiotherapy, Papworth Hospital, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Cambridge, UK College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, Rubia Baldassarri NY, USA Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Simon JA Buczacki Pisa, Italy Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK Allanah Barker Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Christiana Burt Cambridge, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Sérgio Barra Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Lidia Casanueva Cambridge, UK Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK Nicholas A Barrett Pedro Catarino Department of Intensive Care, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Cambridge, UK ix © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information x Contributors Sumit Chatterji Simon J Finney Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Department of Intensive Care, Barts Heart Central, Cambridge, UK St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK Oana Cole Sophia Fisher Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesia, Flinders Medical Centre, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Jo- anne Fowles Max S Damian Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Neurology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK Kamrouz Ghadimi Justin Davies Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hospital, Durham, NC, USA Cambridge, UK S Ghosh Michael G Davies Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Papworth Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Hospital, Cambridge, UK Margaret I Gillham Will Davies Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK Stuart A Gillon Ajay Desai Department of Intensive Care, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Royal NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Deepa Gopalan London, UK Department of Radiology, Imperial College, Harikrishna M Doshi London, UK Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Fabio Guarracino Cambridge, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Ghislaine Douflé Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Pisa, Italy Toronto, Ontario, Canada Patrick Heck Allaina Eden Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Department of Physiotherapy, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK Joseph G Hobelmann Ari Ercole Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Department of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Cambridge, UK MD, USA Peter Faber Lisen Hockings Department of Anaesthesia, Aberdeen Royal Department of Intensive Care, The Alfred Hospital, Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Shakil Farid Charles W Hogue Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern Cambridge, UK University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA x © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information xi Contributors Stephen P Hoole Jerrold H Levy Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Cambridge, UK Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA J Irons Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Jonathan H Mackay Care, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Swetha Iyer Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Duncan Macrae Cambridge, UK Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, David P Jenkins London, UK Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Guillermo Martinez Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Martin John Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Christopher IS Meadows Department of Intensive Care, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Matthew Jones NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK James Moore Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Nicola Jones Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Deptartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Kristian H Mortensen Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street A Ruth M Kappeler Hospital, London, UK Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Lachlan Miles Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Andrew Klein Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sam Nashef Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Gabriel Kleinman Cambridge, UK Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern Amy Needham University, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Makeida B Koyi Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Karin J Neufeld University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University MD, USA School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Unni Krishnan Choo Yen Ng Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK Anna Kydd Alia Noorani Department of Transplantation, Papworth Hospital, Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK xi © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13163-7 — Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Edited by Kamen Valchanov , Nicola Jones , Charles W. Hogue Frontmatter More Information xii Contributors Erik Ortmann Alastair Proudfoot Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Kerckhoff-Klinic, Heart and Lung Centre, Bad St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK Nauheim, Germany Andrew Roscoe Marlies Ostermann Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Intensive Care, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Antonio Rubino Chinmay Padvardthan Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Kiran Salaunkey Jayan Parameshwar Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Transplantation, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK Ken Kuljit Parhar Anja Schneider Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Zentrum für Akute und Postakute Intensivmedizin Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Kreisklinik Jugenheim, Seeheim-Jugenheim, Germany Barbora Parizkova Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Shahzad Shaefi Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Js Parmar Department of Transplantation, Papworth Hospital, Charles Shayan Cambridge, UK Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Evgeny Pavlushkov Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Ravi J De Silva Cambridge, UK Department of Surgery, Papworth Hospital, Joanna Pepke- Zaba Cambridge, UK Department of Respiratory Medicine, Papworth Pasupathy Sivasothy Hospital, Cambridge, UK Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Stephen J Pettit Cambridge, UK Department of Transplantation, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Tom P Sullivan Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Jonah Powell- Tuck Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Department of Intensive Care, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Charlotte Summers Susanna Price University of Cambridge School of Clinical Department of Intensive Care, Royal Brompton and Medicine, Cambridge, UK Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Susan Stevenson Lara Prisco Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK Cambridge, UK xii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
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