Core Topics in Airway Management PDF
Preview Core Topics in Airway Management
Core Topics in Airway Management ThirdEdition Managementoftheairwayisanimportantandchallengingaspectofmany clinicians’workandisasourceofcomplicationsandlitigation. Theneweditionofthispopularbookremainsaclear,practicaland highly-illustratedguidetoallnecessaryaspectsofairwaymanagement.The bookhasbeenupdatedthroughout,tocoverallchangestobestpracticeand clinicalmanagement,andprovidesextensivecoverageofthekeyskillsand knowledgerequiredtomanageairwaysinawidevarietyofpatientsand clinicalsettings.Thebestofthepreviouseditionshasbeenpreserved,whilst newchaptersonvideolaryngoscopy,awaketrachealintubation,lung separation,airwayultrasonography,airwaymanagementinanepidemicand manymorehavebeenadded. Thisisanessentialtextforanyonewhomanagestheairwayincluding traineesandspecialistsinanaesthesia,emergencymedicine,intensivecare medicine,prehospitalmedicineaswellasnursesandotherhealthcare professionals. TimCookisaConsultantinAnaesthesiaandIntensiveCareMedicineattheRoyal UnitedHospitalinBath,UK,andisalsoDirectorofNationalAuditProjectsand CollegeAdvisoronAirwayattheRoyalCollegeofAnaesthetists. MichaelSeltzKristensenisaConsultantinAnaesthesiaandIntensiveCareMedicine andHeadofAirwayAnaesthesiaResearchandDevelopmentatRigshospitalet, CopenhagenUniversityHospitalinDenmarkandisalsoPresidentoftheEuropean AirwayManagementSociety(EAMS). Core Topics in Airway Management Third Edition Edited by Tim Cook RoyalUnitedHospitals,Bath,UK Michael Seltz Kristensen Rigshospitalet,CopenhagenUniversityHospital,Copenhagen,Denmark UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuit ofeducation,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsof excellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108419536 DOI:10.1017/9781108303477 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2021 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2005 Secondedition2011 Thirdedition2021 PrintedinSingaporebyMarkonoPrintMediaPteLtd AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-108-41953-6Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtoin thispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis, orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. ................................................................................................................ Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurateandup- to-dateinformationthatisinaccordwithacceptedstandardsandpracticeat thetimeofpublication.Althoughcasehistoriesaredrawnfromactualcases, everyefforthasbeenmadetodisguisetheidentitiesoftheindividuals involved.Nevertheless,theauthors,editorsandpublisherscanmakeno warrantiesthattheinformationcontainedhereinistotallyfreefromerror, notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsareconstantlychangingthroughresearch andregulation.Theauthors,editorsandpublishersthereforedisclaimall liabilityfordirectorconsequentialdamagesresultingfromtheuseof materialcontainedinthisbook.Readersarestronglyadvisedtopaycareful attentiontoinformationprovidedbythemanufacturerofanydrugsor equipmentthattheyplantouse. Contents ListofContributors vii Foreword xiii Preface xv Section 1: Airway Management: 11. HowtoAvoidMorbidityfromAspirationof GastricContenttotheLungs 91 Background and Techniques RichardVannerandTakashiAsai 1. Anatomy 1 12. FaceMaskVentilation 97 JohnPicard AdrianMatioc 2. PhysiologyofApnoea,HypoxiaandAirway 13. SupraglotticAirways 102 Reflexes 9 TimCook AndrewD.FarmeryandJeremy 14. TrachealIntubation:Direct A.Langton Laryngoscopy 122 3. TheEpidemiologyofAirwayManagement KeithGreenlandandRichardLevitan Complications 22 15. TrachealTubeIntroducers(Bougies),Stylets JohannesM.HuitinkandTimCook andAirwayExchangeCatheters 130 4. StructuredPlanningofAirway MassimilianoSorbelloandIljazHodzovic Management 38 16. TrachealIntubationUsingtheFlexibleOptical J.AdamLawandThomasHeidegger Bronchoscope 140 5. Pre-anaestheticAirwayAssessment 50 P.AllanKlock,Jr,MridulaRaiand CarinA.Hagberg,GangZhengandPierre MansukhPopat Diemunsch 17. Videolaryngoscopy 153 6. Pre-anaestheticAirwayEndoscopy,Realand LorenzTheiler,TimCookandMichael Virtual 58 Aziz WilliamRosenblattandImranAhmad 18. ExpiratoryVentilationAssistanceand 7. UltrasonographyforAirway VentilationthroughNarrowTubes 161 Management 63 MichielW.P.deWolfandMichael WendyH.TeohandMichael SeltzKristensen SeltzKristensen 19. MultimodalTechniquesforAirway 8. Oxygenation:before,duringandafterAirway Management 166 Management 72 PierreDiemunsch,Pierre-OlivierLudes SørenSteemannRudolphandAnilPatel andCarinA.Hagberg 9. AwakeTrachealIntubation 80 20. FrontofNeckAirway(FONA) 171 CharlotteVallentinRosenstockandIljaz PaulA.Baker,LauraV.Dugganand Hodzovic DietmarEnk 10. DrugsforAirwayManagement 87 21. Extubation 177 LarsS.Rasmussen VikiMitchellandRichardCooper v Contents Section 2: Airway Management: Clinical 31. AirwayManagementduringCPR 278 JerryP.NolanandJasmeetSoar Settings and Subspecialties 32. TheBloodyandBleedingAirway 282 22. TheAirwayinObstetrics 185 MichaelSeltzKristensenandBarry WendyH.TeohandMaryC.Mushambi McGuire 23. ThePaediatricAirway 192 33. TheAirwayinAnaesthesiaforTransoral MortenBøttgerandNarasimhan RoboticSurgery 290 Jagannathan RasmusWinkelandMichael SeltzKristensen 24. AirwayManagementinObesity 206 DanielaGodoroja,MarieLouiseRovsing andJayB.Brodsky Section 3: Airway Management: 25. MaxillofacialandDentalSurgery 214 Organisation HanneAbildstrømandBrianJenkins 34. DepartmentalandHospital 26. Ear,NoseandThroatSurgery:Airway Organisation 293 Management 223 LaurenBerkowandAlistairMcNarry BasemAbdelmalakandAnilPatel 35. TraininginAirwayManagement 299 27. LungSeparation 243 MarkR.W.Stacey JayB.Brodsky 36. HumanFactorsinAirwayManagement 305 28. AirwayManagementintheCriticallyIll 250 MikaelRewersandNicholasChrimes AndyHiggsandAudreyDeJong 37. DecontaminationofAirwayEquipment 316 29. ThePatientwithaTracheostomy 259 SubrahmanyanRadhakrishna BrendanMcGrathandSheilaNainan Myatra 38. AirwayManagementinaRespiratory EpidemicorPandemic 321 30. Pre-hospitalandTraumaAirway TimCookandMassimilianoSorbello Management 270 LeifRognåsandDavidLockey Index 331 vi Contributors BasemAbdelmalak LaurenBerkow ProfessorofAnesthesiology, ProfessorofAnesthesiology, Director,AnesthesiaforBronchoscopicSurgeryand UniversityofFloridaCollegeofMedicine, Director,CenterforProceduralSedation, Gainesville,Florida,USA AnesthesiologyInstitute, MortenBøttger ClevelandClinic, ConsultantAnaesthetist, Cleveland,Ohio,USA DepartmentofAnaesthesia, HanneAbildstrøm CenterofHeadandOrthopaedics, SeniorConsultant, Rigshospitalet, DepartmentofAnaesthesia, UniversityofCopenhagen, CentreofHeadandOrthopaedics, Copenhagen,Denmark Rigshospitalet, JayB.Brodsky UniversityofCopenhagen, Professor, Copenhagen,Denmark DepartmentofAnesthesiology,Perioperativeand ImranAhmad PainMedicine, ConsultantAnaesthetist, StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine, ClinicalLead&AirwayLead, Stanford,California,USA Guy’sHospital, Guy’s&StThomas’NHSFoundationTrust, NicholasChrimes ConsultantAnaesthetist London,UK DepartmentofAnaesthesia TakashiAsai MonashMedicalCentre DepartmentofAnaesthesiology, Melbourne,Australia DokkyoMedicalUniversitySaitama TimCook MedicalCentre, ConsultantinAnaesthesiaandIntensiveCare KoshigayaCity,Japan Medicine, MichaelAziz DepartmentofAnaesthesiaandIntensiveCare, ProfessorofAnesthesiology&Perioperative RoyalUnitedHospitalsBathNHSFoundationTrust, Medicine, Bath,UKand OregonHealth&ScienceUniversity, HonoraryProfessorofAnaesthesia Portland,Oregon,USA UniversityofBristol, Bristol,UK PaulA.Baker DepartmentofAnaesthesiology, RichardCooper UniversityofAuckland, ProfessorEmeritus, Auckland,NewZealandand UniversityofToronto, ConsultantAnaesthetist, TorontoGeneralHospital, StarshipChildren’sHospital, DepartmentofAnesthesia, vii Auckland,NewZealand Toronto,Ontario,Canada ListofContributors AudreyDeJong CarinA.Hagberg SpecialistIntensivist, ChiefAcademicOfficer, DepartmentofCriticalCare&Anaesthesiology(DAR DivisionHead,DivisionofAnesthesiology,Critical B), CareandPainMedicine, SaintEloiUniversityHospitalandMontpellierSchool BudJohnsonClinicalDistinguishedChair ofMedicine, DepartmentofAnesthesiologyandPerioperative Montpellier,France Medicine, TheUniversityofTexasMDAndersonCancer PierreDiemunsch Center, HeadofAnesthesiology,IntensiveCareand Houston,Texas,USA PerioperativeMedicine FacultédeMédecine, ThomasHeidegger del’UniversitédeStrasbourg, Head, Strasbourg,France DepartmentofAnaesthesia, Grabs,Switzerland; LauraV.Duggan Professor, AssociateProfessor, UniversityofBern, DepartmentofAnesthesiologyandPainMedicine, Bern,Switzerlandand UniversityofOttawa, FacultyProfessor,DifficultAirway Ottawa,Ontario,Canada Society,UK DietmarEnk AndyHiggs Prof.Dr.med., ConsultantinAnaesthesia&IntensiveCare UniversityHospitalMünster(UKM), Medicine, DepartmentofAnesthesiology,IntensiveCareand DepartmentofCriticalCare, PainMedicine Warrington&HaltonTeachingHospitalsNHSFT, Münster,Germany Warrington,Cheshire,UK AndrewD.Farmery IljazHodzovic ProfessorofAnaesthetics, SeniorLecturer/Consultant, HeadoftheNuffieldDepartmentofAnaesthetics, DepartmentofAnaesthetics,IntensiveCareandPain UniversityofOxfordand Medicine, Fellow&Dean, WelshSchoolofMedicine, WadhamCollege, CardiffUniversity, Oxford,UK Cardiff,UKand RoyalGwentHospital, DanielaGodoroja Newport,UK DepartmentofAnaesthesiaandIntensiveCare, PonderasAcademicHospital, JohannesM.Huitink ReginaMaria, AirwayManagementAcademy, Bucharest,Romaniaand OlympicStadium24–28, AssistantProfessor, Amsterdam,theNetherlands UniversityofMedicineandPharmacy‘CarolDavila’, Bucharest,Romania NarasimhanJagannathan ViceChair&InterimDivisionHead,General KeithGreenland Anesthesia, HonoraryAssociateProfessor, DepartmentofPediatricAnesthesiology, DepartmentofAnaesthesiology, Ann&RobertH.LurieChildren’sHospitalof TheUniversityofHongKong, Chicagoand HongKong ProfessorofAnesthesiology, viii ListofContributors NorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolof Pierre-OlivierLudes Medicine, DepartmentofAnaesthesiology,IntensiveCareand Chicago,Illinois,USA PerioperativeMedicine, StrasbourgHautepierreUniversityHospital, BrianJenkins Strasbourg,France SeniorLecturer/Hon.ProfessorinAnaesthetics andIntensiveCareMedicine, AdrianMatioc CardiffUniversity, StaffAnesthesiologist, Cardiff,UK DepartmentofAnesthesiology, WilliamS.MiddletonVAMedicalCenterand P.AllanKlock,Jr ClinicalAdjunctProfessor, Professor, DepartmentofAnesthesiology, UniveristyofChicago, UniversityofWisconsinSchoolofMedicineand Chicago,Illinois,USA PublicHealth, Madison,Wisconsin,USA MichaelSeltzKristensen DepartmentofAnaesthesia, BrendanMcGrath CenterofHeadandOrthopaedics, ConsultantinAnaesthesiaandIntensiveCare Rigshospitalet, Medicine, UniversityofCopenhagen, WythenshaweHospital, Copenhagen,Denmark ManchesterUniversityNHSFoundationTrust, Manchester,UKand JeremyA.Langton HonorarySeniorLecturer, AssociatePostgraduateDean, UniversityofManchester, HealthEducationSouthWest, ManchesterAcademicHealthScienceCentre, Plymouth,UK Manchester,UK J.AdamLaw BarryMcGuire ProfessorandAssociateHead, ConsultantAnaesthetist, DepartmentofAnesthesia,PainManagementand DepartmentofAnaesthesia, PerioperativeMedicine, NinewellsHospitalandMedicalSchool, QEIIHealthSciencesCentre, Dundee,UK DalhousieUniversity, Halifax,NovaScotia,Canada AlistairMcNarry ConsultantAnaesthetist, RichardLevitan NHSLothian, VisitingProfessor, Edinburgh,UK DepartmentofEmergencyMedicine, UniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter, VikiMitchell Baltimore,MDand ConsultantAnaesthetist, AdjunctProfessor,Geisel(Dartmouth)Schoolof UniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsNHS Medicine, Trust, Lebanon,NewHampshire,USA London,UK DavidLockey MaryC.Mushambi NationalDirector, ConsultantAnaesthetistandAssociateMedical EmergencyMedicalRetrievalandTransferService, Director, Walesand Leicester,UKand ConsultantinIntensiveCareMedicineand DASProfessorofAnaesthesiaandAirway Anaesthesia, Management, NorthBristolNHSTrust, London,UK ix Bristol,UK
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