Controversial Monuments and Memorials: A Guide for Community Leaders

329 Pages·2018·4.19 MB·English

by  David B. Allison (ed.)

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C O N T R O V E R S I A L
M O N U M E N T S
A N D M E M O R I A L S

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
FOR STATE AND LOCAL HISTORY
BOOK SERIES
SERIES EDITOR
Rebecca K. Shrum, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis
MANAGING EDITOR
Bob Beatty, AASLH
EDITORIAL BOARD
Anne W. Ackerson, Leading by Design
William Bomar, University of Alabama Museums
Jessica Dorman, The Historic New Orleans Collection
W. Eric Emerson, South Carolina Department of Archives and History
Tim Grove, National Air and Space Museum
Laura Koloski, Pew Center for Arts & Heritage
Russell Lewis, Chicago History Museum
Jane Lindsey, Juneau–Douglas City Museum
Ann E. McCleary, University of West Georgia
Laurie Ossman, The Antiquities Coalition
Laura Roberts, Roberts Consulting
Julia Rose, Homewood Museum at Johns Hopkins University
Kimberly Springle, Charles Sumner School Museum and Archives
William S. Walker, Cooperstown Graduate Program, SUNY Oneonta
ABOUT THE SERIES
The American Association for State and Local History Book Series
addresses issues critical to the field of state and local history through
interpretive, intellectual, scholarly, and educational texts. To submit a
proposal or manuscript to the series, please request proposal guidelines
from AASLH headquarters: AASLH Editorial Board, 2021 21st Ave.
South, Suite 320, Nashville, Tennessee 37212. Telephone: (615) 320-
3203. Website: www.aaslh.org.
ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION
The American Association for State and Local History (AASLH) is a
national history membership association headquartered in Nashville,
Tennessee, that provides leadership and support for its members who
preserve and interpret state and local history in order to make the past
more meaningful to all people. AASLH members are leaders in pre-
serving, researching, and interpreting traces of the American past to
connect the people, thoughts, and events of yesterday with the creative
memories and abiding concerns of people, communities, and our nation
today. In addition to sponsorship of this book series, AASLH publishes
History News magazine, a newsletter, technical leaflets and reports, and
other materials; confers prizes and awards in recognition of outstand-
ing achievement in the field; supports a broad education program and
other activities designed to help members work more effectively; and
advocates on behalf of the discipline of history. To join AASLH, go to
www.aaslh.org or contact Membership Services, AASLH, 2021 21st Ave.
South, Suite 320, Nashville, TN 37212.
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C O N T R O V E R S I A L
M O N U M E N T S
A N D M E M O R I A L S
A G U I D E F O R
C O M M U N I T Y L E A D E R S
EDITED B Y D AVID B. ALLISON
ROWMAN & LIT TLEFIELD

Lanham • Boulder • New York • London
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Copyright © 2018 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available
ISBN 9781538113738 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN 9781538113745 (electronic)
™
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C O N T E N T S
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi
List of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Introduction: Charlottesville, Memory, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
and How to Read This Book
PART ONE: MUSEUMS, CONTRO VERSY,
AND THE PAST
1. History as Legend and Myth as Fact, David B . Allison . . . . . . . . . 17
2. Confronting Confederate Monuments in the Twenty-First
Century, Modupe Labode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3. History, Memory, and the Struggle for the Future,
W . Todd Groce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

vii
viii CONTENTS
PART TWO: THE CIVIL WAR, RECONSTRUCTION,
AND THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF RACISM
4. Remembering the Civil War, David B . Allison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5. Memorializing the Confederate Past at Gettysburg during the
Civil Rights and Cold War Era, Jill Ogline Titus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6. Tributes to the Past, Present, and Future: World War I–Era
Confederate Memorialization in Virginia,
Thomas R . Seabrook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
7. Don’t Call Them Memorials, Julian C . Chambliss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8. A Lost Cause in the Bluegrass: Two Confederate
Monuments in Lexington, Kentucky, Stuart W . Sanders . . . . . . . 83
9. Challenging Historical Remembrance, Myth, and Identity:
The Confederate Monuments Debate, F . Sheffield Hale . . . . . . . . 90
10. Empty Pedestals: What Should Be Done with Civic
Monuments to the Confederacy and Its Leaders?,
Civil War Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
PART THREE: NATIVE PEOPLES
AND WHITE-WASHED HISTORY
11. From Columbus to Serra and Beyond, David B . Allison . . . . . . 115
12. Native Voices at Little Bighorn National Monument,
Gerard Baker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
13. Should the Statue of Theodore Roosevelt Outside the American
Museum of Natural History Be Removed? A Possible
Compromise, William S . Walker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
PART FOUR: IDENTITY POLITIC S AND
THE RATIONAL AND SYMPATHETIC MINDS
14. Group Behavior, Self-Examination, and Clearing the Air
around Controversial Issues, David B . Allison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
15. Confederate Memorials: Choosing Futures for Our Past,
A Veteran’s Perspective, George W . McDaniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
CONTENTS ix
16. Speech upon the Removal of Confederate Statues from New
Orleans, May 19, 2017, Mitch Landrieu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
17. A Reflection of Us: The Simpsons and
Heroes of the Past, Jose Zuniga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
PART FIVE: COMMUNITY RESPONSIVENES S
AND HISTORICAL RECONTEXTUALIZATION
18. “The Struggle to Overcome the Negatives of the Past”:
Germany’s Vergangenheitsbewältigung and South Africa’s
Truth and Reconciliation Program, David B . Allison . . . . . . . . 181
19. “We as Citizens . . .”: Approaches to Memorialization
by Sites of Conscience around the World, Linda Norris . . . . . . . 188
20. Listening and Responding to Community: A Long View,
David B . Allison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
21. Confederate Statues at the University of Texas at Austin,
Ben Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
22. Honoring El Movimiento: The Chicano Movement
in Colorado, JJ Lonsinger Rutherford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
23. Not What’s Broken; What’s Healed: Women in
El Barrio and the Healing Power of Community,
Vanessa Cuervo Forero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
24. Telling the Whole Story: Education and Interpretation
in Support of #1 in Civil Rights: The African American
Freedom Struggle in St . Louis, Elizabeth Pickard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
25. Project Say Something’s Whose Monument Project:
Not Tearing Down History, But Building Up Hope,
Brian Murphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Selected Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
About the Editor and Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305