Control Systems Safety Evaluation and Reliability PDF
Preview Control Systems Safety Evaluation and Reliability
Control Systems Safety Evaluation and Reliability Third Edition --``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Society of Automation Provided by IHS under license with ISA Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/01/2017 00:00:50 MDT CPNrooop vryeidrpiegrodhd tb uIync ttIeiHorSnna outirno ndn--``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---eeatrlw Sliocorekcniinesgtey pwoeift rhAm uIiStttoeAmd awtiiothno ut license from IHS LNiocet nfosre Ree=sFaMleC, 0T6e/c0h1n/2o0lo1g7ie 0s0 /:50901:5409 5M0D0T02, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol Control Systems Safety Evaluation and Reliability --``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- William TMhi.r dG Eodibtiolen Copyright International Society of Automation Provided by IHS under license with ISA Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/01/2017 00:00:50 MDT Notice The information presented in this publication is for the general education of the reader. Because neither the author nor the publisher has any control over the use of the information by the reader, both the author and the publisher disclaim any and all liability of any kind arising out of such use. The reader is expected to exercise sound professional judgment in using any of the information pre- sented in a particular application. Additionally, neither the author nor the publisher has investigated or considered the effect of any patents on the ability of the reader to use any of the information in a particular application. The reader is responsible for reviewing any possible patents that may affect any particular use of the information presented. Any references to commercial products in the work are cited as examples only. Neither the author nor the publisher endorses any referenced commercial product. Any trademarks or trade- names referenced belong to the respective owner of the mark or name. Neither the author nor the publisher makes any representation regarding the availability of any referenced commercial prod- uct at any time. The manufacturer’s instructions on use of any commercial product must be fol- lowed at all times, even if in conflict with the information in this publication. Copyright © 2010 International Society of Automation 67 Alexander Drive P.O. Box 12277 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 978-1-934394-80-9 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Goble, William M. Control systems safety evaluation and reliability / William M. Goble. -- 3rd ed. p. cm. -- (ISA resources for measurement and control series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-934394-80-9 (pbk.) 1. Automatic control--Reliability. I. Title. TJ213.95.G62 2010 629.8--dc22 2010015760 --``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Society of Automation Provided by IHS under license with ISA Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/01/2017 00:00:50 MDT ISA Resources for Measurement and Control Series (RMC) • Control System Documentation: Applying Symbols and Identification, 2nd Edition • Control System Safety Evaluation and Reliability, 3rd Edition • Industrial Data Communications, 4th Edition • Industrial Flow Measurement, 3rd Edition • Industrial Level, Pressure, and Density Measurement, 2nd Edition • Measurement and Control Basics, 4th Edition • Programmable Controllers, 4th Edition --``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Society of Automation Provided by IHS under license with ISA Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/01/2017 00:00:50 MDT --``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Society of Automation Provided by IHS under license with ISA Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/01/2017 00:00:50 MDT Acknowledgments This book has been made possible only with the help of many other persons. Early in the process, J. V. Bukowski of Villanova taught a graduate course in reliability engineering where I was introduced to the science. This course and several subsequent tutorial sessions over the years provided the help necessary to get started. Many others have helped develop the issues important to control system safety --``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- TDsAtFiashuneesudaglddulfatgo f emrTr.ews eeTus.sll tiIihc miaad kowebbeeenyiiismrl lssehi,i,h ttr bGayay vetvn. roe breiIdss f e tw f ah aop msF aafrsk rnonatpaehvkdtedn e ietccV d opi Iiaae isSetc ld,Ahpn tDM arehs8intoa4amarvkl naguse ektgtct i ao icJinyoonoo-gonwlhdni usq,naso Duirstfrdodooekie mnsrscer to,racai isGomotst;riknm loiJpeiosonnmnl,sh i ga nciKnin art t Bgta toGteeurihueldyreaeg ed hdn phbdoa ere kevqs,o, se, euJb JiyiT ogelma eohsnplmstn n oKiooyo isC fin n.hn F nutAsenrse sle,ae pw ifdmnymoee ,drdp aarma dirndndcoeeoekdedr m,sv uSbToeactonelentods,sv dpsP. e Bi Ba ntehrogliebls , Stavrianidis, Paul Gruhn, Aarnout Brombacher, Ad Hamer, Rolf Spiker, Dan Sniezek and Steve Smith. I have learned from our debates. Several persons made significant improvements to the document as part of the review process. I wish to thank Tom Fisher, John Grebe, Griff Francis, Paul Gruhn, Dan Sniezek, Rainer Faller and Rachel Amkreutz. The comments and questions from these reviewers improved the book considerably. Julia Bukowski from Villanova University and Jan Rouvroye of Eindhoven University deserve a special thank you for their comprehensive and detail review. Iwan van Beurden of Eindhoven University also deserves a special thank you for a detail review and check of the examples and exercise answers. I also wish to thank Rick Allen, a good friend, who reviewed the draft and tried to teach the rules of grammar and punctuation. Finally, I wish thank my wife Sandy and my daughters Tyree and Emily for their patience and help. Everyone helped proofread, type, and check math. While the specific help was greatly appreciated, it is the encouragement and support for which I am truly thankful. vii Copyright International Society of Automation Provided by IHS under license with ISA Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/01/2017 00:00:50 MDT --``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Society of Automation Provided by IHS under license with ISA Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/01/2017 00:00:50 MDT Contents PREFACE xv ABOUT THE AUTHOR xvii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Control System Safety and Reliability, 1 Standards, 4 Exercises, 6 Answers to Exercises, 7 References, 7 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING RANDOM EVENTS 9 Random Variables, 9 Mean, 18 Variance, 21 Common Distributions, 23 Exercises, 27 Answers to Exercises, 29 References, 31 Chapter 3 FAILURES: STRESS VERSUS STRENGTH 33 Failures, 33 Failure Categorization, 33 Categorization of Failure Stress Sources, 39 Stress and Strength, 46 Electrical Surge and Fast Transients, 55 Exercises, 56 Answers to Exercises, 56 References, 57 ix --``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Society of Automation Provided by IHS under license with ISA Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/01/2017 00:00:50 MDT x Control Systems Safety Evaluation and Reliability Chapter 4 RELIABILITY AND SAFETY 59 Reliability Definitions, 59 Time to Failure, 59 The Constant Failure Rate, 72 Steady-State Availability – Constant Failure Rate Components, 76 Safety Terminology, 78 Exercises, 85 Answers to Exercises, 86 References, 86 Chapter 5 FMEA / FMEDA 87 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, 87 FMEA Procedure, 87 FMEA Limitations, 88 FMEA Format, 88 Failure Modes, Effects and Diagnostic Analysis (FMEDA), 94 Conventional PLC Input Circuit, 95 Critical Input (High Diagnostic) PLC Input Circuit, 97 FMEDA Limitations, 99 Exercises, 99 Answers to Exercises, 100 References, 100 Chapter 6 FAULT TREE ANALYSIS 103 Fault Tree Analysis, 103 Fault Tree Process, 104 Fault Tree Symbols, 105 Qualitative Fault Tree Analysis, 106 Quantitative Fault Tree Analysis, 108 Use of Fault Tree Analysis for PFDavg Calculations, 114 Using a Fault Tree for Documentation, 116 Exercises, 118 Answers to Exercises, 119 References, 119 Chapter 7 RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAMS 121 Reliability Block Diagrams, 121 Series Systems, 123 Quantitative Block Diagram Evaluation, 137 Exercises, 146 Answers to Exercises, 147 References and Bibliography, 148 --``,,`,,,`,,`,`,,,```,,,``,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright International Society of Automation Provided by IHS under license with ISA Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002, User=klayjamraeng, jutapol No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/01/2017 00:00:50 MDT
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