Control of Large Wind Energy Systems: Theory and Methods for the User (Advances in Industrial Control) PDF
Preview Control of Large Wind Energy Systems: Theory and Methods for the User (Advances in Industrial Control)
Advances in Industrial Control Adrian Gambier Control of Large Wind Energy Systems Theory and Methods for the User Advances in Industrial Control SeriesEditors MichaelJ.Grimble,IndustrialControlCentre,UniversityofStrathclyde,Glasgow, UK AntonellaFerrara,DepartmentofElectrical,ComputerandBiomedical Engineering,UniversityofPavia,Pavia,Italy EditorialBoard GrahamGoodwin,SchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputing,Universityof Newcastle,Callaghan,NSW,Australia ThomasJ.Harris,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,Queen’sUniversity, Kingston,ON,Canada TongHengLee ,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,National UniversityofSingapore,Singapore,Singapore OmP.Malik,SchulichSchoolofEngineering,UniversityofCalgary,Calgary,AB, Canada Kim-FungMan,CityUniversityHongKong,Kowloon,HongKong GustafOlsson,DepartmentofIndustrialElectricalEngineeringandAutomation, LundInstituteofTechnology,Lund,Sweden AsokRay,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity, UniversityPark,PA,USA SebastianEngell,LehrstuhlfürSystemdynamikundProzessführung,Technische UniversitätDortmund,Dortmund,Germany IkuoYamamoto,GraduateSchoolofEngineering,UniversityofNagasaki, Nagasaki,Japan AdvancesinIndustrialControlisaseriesofmonographsandcontributedtitlesfocusingon theapplicationsofadvancedandnovelcontrolmethodswithinappliedsettings.Thisseries hasworldwidedistributiontoengineers,researchersandlibraries. The series promotes the exchange of information between academia and industry, to whichendthebooksalldemonstratesometheoreticalaspectofanadvancedornewcontrol method and show how it can be applied either in a pilot plant or in some real industrial situation.Thebooksaredistinguishedbythecombinationofthetypeoftheoryusedandthe typeofapplicationexemplified.Notethat“industrial”herehasaverybroadinterpretation;it applies not merely to the processes employed in industrial plants but to systems such as avionicsandautomotivebrakesanddrivetrain.Thisseriescomplementsthetheoreticaland moremathematicalapproachofCommunicationsandControlEngineering. IndexedbySCOPUSandEngineeringIndex. Proposalsforthisseries,composedofaproposalformdownloadedfromthispage,adraft Contents,atleasttwosamplechaptersandanauthorcv(withasynopsisofthewholeproject, ifpossible)canbesubmittedtoeitherofthe: SeriesEditors ProfessorMichaelJ.Grimble Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Royal College Building, 204 GeorgeStreet,GlasgowG11XW,UnitedKingdom e-mail:[email protected] ProfessorAntonellaFerrara Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia,ViaFerrata1,27100Pavia,Italy e-mail:[email protected] orthe In-houseEditor Mr.OliverJackson SpringerLondon,4CrinanStreet,London,N19XW,UnitedKingdom e-mail:[email protected] Proposalsarepeer-reviewed. PublishingEthics Researchersshouldconducttheirresearchfromresearchproposaltopublicationinlinewith best practices and codes of conduct of relevant professional bodies and/or national and international regulatory bodies. For more details on individual ethics matters please see: https://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/journal-author/journal-author-helpdesk/ publishing-ethics/14214 Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/1412 Adrian Gambier Control of Large Wind Energy Systems Theory and Methods for the User AdrianGambier FraunhoferInstituteforWindEnergySystems Bremerhaven,Bremen,Germany ISSN1430-9491 ISSN2193-1577 (electronic) AdvancesinIndustrialControl ISBN978-3-030-84894-1 ISBN978-3-030-84895-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84895-8 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Tothememoryofmyparents,Emmaand Mariano ToAndrésandNancy Series Editor’s Foreword Control engineering is a wide-ranging topic that is viewed rather differently by researchers and those that must commission and maintain control systems. The formeroftendevelopgeneralalgorithmswithastrongunderlyingmathematicalbasis, whilstthelatterhavemoreimmediateconcernsoverthelimitsofequipment,quality ofcontrol,safetyandsecurity,andplantdowntime.TheseriesAdvancesinIndus- trialControl attemptstobridgethisdivideandhopestoencouragetheadoptionof advancedcontroltechniquesiftheyarelikelytobebeneficial. Therapiddevelopmentofnewcontroltheoryandtechnologyhasanimpactonall areasofengineeringandapplications.Manyapplicationsconcernindustrialmanu- facturingandprocesscontrolproblemsbutthereareofcourseapplicationsinbioengi- neering, medical systems, all areas of transport and many others. This monograph serieshasafocusonsuchapplicationssincetherateoftechnologicaldevelopment continually provides new challenges. There is also a gradual change away from thetraditional view of control engineering design intothemore computer-focused subjectofsystemsengineering.Thesedevelopmentsrequirenewsolutionsandstim- ulatethedevelopmentofnewcontrolalgorithms.Thefocusonapplicationsisalso desirableifthedifferentaspectsofthe“controldesign”problemaretobeexplored withthesamededicationthat“controlsynthesis”problemshavereceivedinthepast. The series provides an opportunity for researchers to present new work on the solution of industrial control and applications problems. It raises awareness of the substantialbenefitsthatadvancedcontrolcanprovidewithoutignoringthedifficulties thatcansometimesarise. Thismonographisconcernedwiththeveryimportantandpopulartopicofwind turbinemodellingandcontrol.Itprovidesaverycompleteexpositionofthesubject, and it is the result of teaching the Control of Wind Turbines at Leibniz Univer- sity Hannover where the pedagogical style was honed. The first part of the text is concerned with the modelling of wind turbine systems in some detail, and this is needed for the simulation and design studies that follow. The second part begins withaveryusefuloverviewofwindturbinecontrolinChap.7.Thiscoversthemain controlmethodsbutalsomentionsproblemslikevibration-andload-reductionthat areimportantdesignissues.Chapter8thenlooksatsupervisorycontrolissuesthat vii viii SeriesEditor’sForeword have perhaps received less attention in the literature but also have a critical role. ControlduringpartialloadoperationisdealtwithinChapter9andinfullloadoper- ationinChap.10.Inthefirstcasetheidealistomaximisethepowergeneratedand in the second the power must be limited to the rated value if components are not tobeoverstressedanddamaged.Thecontrolapproachesrequiredareverydifferent andpracticalsolutionsaredescribedforbothcases.Chapter11dealswithtopicsthat arealsonotsopopularinacademicpapersbutaresignificant,namelyyawcontrol (alignmentoftherotationalaxiswiththewinddirection)andshut-downcontrol. Thethirdpartofthetextconsiderstheimplementationofthecontrollawsfroma practicalviewpoint.Chapter12concernsthemodellingandparameterizationaspects, sincethesimplestmodelsthatleadtoreasonabledesignaredesirableandtheway theseareparameterizeddeterminestheeffectivenessoftheresulting“design”model. Benchmarkingandcomparingperformanceisoftenveryusefulwhentheoutputof a system must be “the best” in some sense. Since wind turbines are built in large numbers it is worthwhile to look at control performance evaluation, considered in Chap. 13, which also deals with load reduction, fatigue, and damage. Real-time controlandsimulationincludinghardwareinthelooptestingaretreatedinChap.14. Finally,thecasestudyinChap.15providestypicalresultsandillustratestheideas presented. The text covers a wide range of topics in just sufficient depth to provide an intuitiveunderstandingofthedesignproblems.Theauthorhasthereforeprovideda veryeasy-to-readtextthatshouldbeofgreatvaluetostudentsorresearchersentering thesubjectandforengineersinthewindenergyindustry.Thebooksatisfiesareal needandisaverytimelyadditiontotheAdvancesinIndustrialControlseries. Glasgow,UK MichaelJ.Grimble July,2021
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