Control Mechanisms in Development: Activation, Differentiation, and Modulation in Biological Systems PDF
Preview Control Mechanisms in Development: Activation, Differentiation, and Modulation in Biological Systems
CONTROL MECHANISMS IN DEVELOPMENT Activation, Differentiation, and Modulation in Biological Systems ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: Nathan Back State University of New York at Buffalo N. R. Di Luzio Tulane University School of Medicine Bernard Halpern College de France and Institute of Immuno·Biology Ephraim Katchalski The Weizmann Institute of Science David Kritchevsky Wistar Institute Abel Lajtha New York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug Addiction Rodol£o Paoletti University of Milan Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 52 HEPARIN: Structure, Function, and Clinical Implications Edited by Ralph A. Bradshaw and Stanford Wessler. 1975 Volume 53 CELL IMPAIRMENT IN AGING AND DEVELOPMENT Edited by Vincent J. Cristofalo and Emma Holeckova • 1975 Volume 54 BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION Edited by Laurence W. Hedlund, John M. Franz, and Alexander D. Kenny • 1975 Volume 55 CONCANAVALIN A Edited by Tushar K. Chowdhury and A. Kurt Weiss. 1975 Volume 56 BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ETHANOL Edited by Edward Majchrowicz • 1975 Volume 57 THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE ARTERY Edited by Stewart Wolf and Nicholas T. Werthessen" 1975 Volume 58 CYTOCHROMES P450 and b5: Structure, Function, and Interaction Edited by David Y. Cooper, OUo Rosenthal, Robert Snyder, and Charlotte Witmer • 1975 Volume 59 ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND WITHDRAWAL: Experimental Studies II Edited by Milton M. Gross • 1975 Volume 60 DIET AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS Edited hy Cesare Sirtori, Giorgio Ricci, and Sergio Gorini • 1975 Volume 61 EXPLORATIONS IN AGING Edited by Vincent J. Cristofalo, Jay Roberts, and Richard C. Adelman. 1975 Volume 62 CONTROL MECHANISMS IN DEVELOPMENT: Activation, Differentiation, and Modulation in Biological Systems Edited by Russel H. Meints and Eric Davies· 1975 CONTROL MECHANISMS IN DEVELOPMENT Activation, Differentiation, and Modulation in Biological Systems Edited by Russel H. Meints and Eric Davies Section of Cell Biology and Genetics School of Life Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Lihrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under tide: Control mechanisms in development. (Advances in experimental medicine and biology ; v. 62) Sponsored by the University of Nebraska. Includes bibliographies. 1. Developmental biology-Congresses. 2. Biological control systems Congresses. I. Meints, Russel H. 11. Davies, Eric. 111. Nebraska. University. School of Life Sciences. IV. Nebraska. University. V. Series. [DNLM: 1. Cytogenetics-Congresses. AD 559 v.62 1974 / QH604 C764 1974) QH491.C66 574.1'8 75·28152 ISBN 978-1-4684-3257-2 ISBN 978-1-4684-3255-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-3255-8 Proceedings of a Symposium to inaugurate the Sehool of Life Seiences at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, held October 14-16, 1974 © 1975 Plenum Press, New Y ork Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1975 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 Uni ted Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd. Davis House (4th Floor) , 8 Serubs Lane, Harlesden, London, NWIO 6SE, England All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprodueed, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronie, mechanieal, photoeopying, microfilming, reeording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher To our wives and children with gratitude and affection R.H.M. E.D. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Symposium Committee watld like to thank the fol/owing for their generats support: CoUege of Arts & Sciences, Mel George, Dean School of Life Sciences, 1.M. Daly, Interim Director The University of Nebraska Foundation Faculty Convocation Committee Sigma Xi R.H. Meints Eric Davies Jeffrey Hazel James Van Etten John Bntmbaugh J.M. Daly John Janovy Jr. PREFACE This symposium was not only a happy event for the University of Nebraska, but it marked a milestone in the history of the biological sciences here. The symposium cele brated, in the most appropriate way possible, the creation of the new School of Life Sciences and ushered in what I believe will be a period of substantial development for biology on this campus. I am immensely proud of the faculty of this new School, and I have every confidence that the School's reputation and achievements will continue to grow. As you all know, this university has had and still has distinguished scientists in the biological sciences and has offered fme programs at both the undergraduate and graduate level. But both the formation of the School of Ufe Sciences and the construction of the new Ufe Sciences Building promise a brighter future in this important area The School of Life Sciences was formed from the Departments of Botany, Micro biology, and Zoology, together with staff members in Biochemistry (from both the Department of Chemistry and from the former Department of Biochemistry and Nutri tion in the College of Agriculture) as well as staff members in the College of Agriculture's Department of Plant Pathology. Our whole notion was to build a core unit in biology that would cross the lines between the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Agriculture in order to combine strengths which exist in both areas. Despite the adminis trative difficulties that could have stood in the way of this development, it has proved to be a very workable concept. and we are delighted at the way things are going. Why should the university be building additional strengths in biology at this time? First of all, we all recognize that agriculture is of vital importance not only to Nebraska but to the entire world. Advances in agriculture are clearly going to depend on a solid foundation of basic biological research. Secondly, biology is obviously deeply involved in questions of environment. of health care, of aging and of other societal problems. This is not in any way to su~gest that an understanding of biology for its own sake is not important, but to point out some of the areas in which the university feels it has an obli gation to contribute and in which strength in basic and applied biology is absolutely essential. With the combination of the strong College of Agriculture, a strong School of Life Sciences, and continued commitment on the part of the university and the state, we believe we have a magnificent opportunity to build a center of excellence in biology that will incorporate the excitement of this field into undergraduate education while training future scientists and pushing back the frontiers of knowledge. ix x PREFACE As a personal statement, I'd like to express one hope-which applies not only to the future development of our School of Ufe Sciences, but to biology more generally-and that is that the ethical and value questions which are raised by advances in biological research become a concern of all biological scientists and a part of the curriculum of both undergraduate and graduate programs in biology. I feel strongly, for example, that a young person who wants training in biology to go into one of the health professions needs to be faced squarely with the issues involved in deciding when to turn off the machines and let a terminally ill patient die in dignity. Any student studying ecology and the environment needs to be faced with the economic and political issues involved in a decision as to whether or not the coal resources of Wyoming will be exploited. We live in a world in which issues are becoming more intertwined and I believe that it is no longer possible nor proper for a scientist, perhaps particularly in biology, to be trained in isolation from the questions of value, of politics, and of economics that are becoming inevitably associated with advances in the field. I think it is not enough for scientists simply to say that such things are taken care of by requirements that force students to take some courses in the humanities and social sciences. Rather, I think the scientist must initiate some dialogue with his colleagues in those fields to try to insure that educational experiences for students are structured in such a way as to insure exami nation of such questions. It is my hope that the bright future which I see for the School of Ufe Sciences and for biology at the University of Nebraska will include not only excellence in research but luSO a commitment to teaching programs which will make such concerns a central part of the educational experience. It's a great privilege for the University of Nebraska to have sponsored this inaugural symposium. We hope that it will contribute to the advancement ofknowle~ge in biology even as it has stimulated us to continue our efforts in teaching and research in the life sciences. Melvin D. George Dean, College of Arts and Sciences October 14, 1974 CONTENTS ACTIVATION IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Preformed mRNA and the Programming ofE arly Embryo Development ....................................... 1 * Abraham Marcus, Sara Spiegel and John D. Brooker The Institute for Cancer Research Fox Chase Center for Cancer and Medical Studies Philadelphia, P A Regulation of Transcription in Yeast ..................................2 1 C. Saunders, S.J. Sogin, D.B. Kaback and *H.O. Halvorson Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center and Department of Biology Brandeis University Waitham,MA Nuclear Transplantation and the Analysis of Gene Activity in Early Amphibian Development ........................ 35 *J.B. Gurdon M.R.C. Laboratory Hills Road Cambridge. England Plant Tissue Culture Methods in Somatic Hybridization by Protoplast Fusion and Transformation ................. .45 *Oluf L. Gamborg Prairie Regional Laboratory National Research Council Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7NOW9 Canada *Denotes Symposium Participant. xi xii CONTENTS DIFFERENTIATION IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Homzone Mediated Integration of Seedling Physiology ...............................................6 5 ·J.E. Varner Biology Department Washington University St. Louis, MO Ovalbumin mRNA and Ovalbumin DNA and the Molecular Biology of Steroid Homzone Action ..........................7 9 ·Robert T. Schimke, David J. Shapiro and G. Stanley McKnight The Department of Biological Sciences Stanford University Stanford, CA The Insect Chorion: Programmed Expression of SpeciFze Genes During Differentiation ................................ 103 ·Fotis C. Kafatos The Biological Laboratories Harvard University Cambridge, MA MODULATION IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Biochemical Aspects ofJ uvenile Homzone Action in Insects ................................................ 123 Yuzuru Akamatsu, Peter E. Dunn, Ferenc J. Kezdy, Karl J. Kramer, ·John H. Law, David Reibstein and Larry L. Sanburg Department of Biochemistry University of Chicago Chicago,IL Stmctural and Functional Aspects of the Protein Synthesizing Apparatus in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ..................................... 151 ·David D. Sabatini, George Ojakian, Mauricio A. Lande, John Lewis, Winnie Mok, Milton Adesnik, Gert Kreibich Department of Cell Biology New York University School of Medicine NewYork,NY
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