Contexts of Contemporary Nursing (Transforming Nursing Practice)

217 Pages·2010·1.01 MB·English

by  Graham R. Williamson, Tim Jenkinson, Tracey Proctor-childs

CONTEXT OF CONTEMP NURSING PT_gk.qxd 1/6/10 14:29 Page i
Contexts of
Contemporary
Nursing
CONTEXT OF CONTEMP NURSING PT_gk.qxd 1/6/10 14:29 Page ii
Transforming Nursing Practice series 1
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Transforming Nursing Practice links theory with practice, in the context of the skills and 3
knowledge needed by student nurses to be fit for future healthcare delivery. Each book 4
has been designed to help students meet the requirements of the NMC Standards of 5
Education, Essential Skills Clusters and other relevant competencies. They are 6
accessible and challenging, and provide regular opportunities for active and reflective 7
learning. Each book will ensure that students learn the central importance of thinking 8
critically about nursing. 9
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Series editors: 1
Dr Shirley Bach, Head of the School of Nursing and Midwifery at the University of 2
Brighton. 3
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Titles in the series: 511
Clinical Judgement and Decision Making in Nursing ISBN 978 1 84445 468 6 6
Communication and Interpersonal Skills for Nurses ISBN 978 1 84445 162 3 7
Contexts of Contemporary Nursing (2nd ed.) ISBN 978 1 84445 374 0 8
Critical Thinking and Writing for Nursing Students ISBN 978 1 84445 366 5 9
Evidence-based Practice in Nursing ISBN 978 1 84445 369 6 20
Information Skills for Nursing Students ISBN 978 1 84445 381 8 1
Introduction to Medicines Management in Nursing ISBN 978 1 84445 845 5 2
Law and Professional Issues in Nursing (2nd ed.) ISBN 978 1 84445 372 6 3
Learning to Learn in Nursing Practice ISBN 978 1 84445 244 6 4
Medicines Management in Adult Nursing ISBN 978 1 84445 842 4 5
Medicines Management in Children’s Nursing ISBN 978 1 84445 470 9 6
Nursing and Collaborative Practice (2nd ed) ISBN 978 1 84445 373 3 7
Passing Calculations Tests for Nursing Students ISBN 978 1 84445 471 6 8
Reflective Practice in Nursing ISBN 978 1 84445 371 9 9
Understanding Research for Nursing Students ISBN 978 1 84445 368 9 30
What is Nursing? Exploring Theory and Practice ISBN 978 1 84445 158 6 1
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To order, contact our distributor: BEBC Distribution, Albion Close, Parkstone, Poole, 7
BH12 3LL. Telephone: [phone], email:
CONTEXT OF CONTEMP NURSING PT_gk.qxd 1/6/10 14:29 Page iii
Contexts of
Contemporary
Nursing
Graham R. Williamson, Tim Jenkinson
and Tracey Proctor-Childs
CONTEXT OF CONTEMP NURSING PT_gk.qxd 1/6/10 14:29 Page iv
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First published in 2008 by Learning Matters Ltd 4
Second edition 2010 511
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
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a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
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mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission
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in writing from Learning Matters.
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© 2008, 2010 Graham R Williamson, Tim Jenkinson and Tracey Proctor-Childs 1
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
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A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
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ISBN: 978 1 84445 374 0 5
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This book is also available in the following ebook formats:
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Adobe ebook ISBN: 978 1 84445 681 9 8
EPUB ISBN: 978 1 84445 680 2 9
Kindle ISBN: 978 1 84445 981 0 30
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The right of Graham R Williamson, Tim Jenkinson and Tracey Proctor-Childs to be
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identified as the authors of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance with
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the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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Cover design by Toucan Design 5
Project Management by Diana Chambers 6
Typeset by Kelly Winter 7
Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall 8
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Learning Matters Ltd
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33 Southernhay East
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Exeter EX1 1NX
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Tel: [phone]
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E-mail:
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Contents
List of abbreviations vi
Foreword viii
About the authors ix
Acknowledgements x
Introduction 1
Part 1 The development and structure of modern healthcare
services 5
1 The establishment and structure of the National Health Service 7
2 Contemporary issues in healthcare policy 23
3 Nurses, nursing and healthcare organisation 42
Part 2 Groups involved in healthcare policy 55
4 Political parties and media perspectives 57
5 The patient and service user perspective 72
6 The student’s role and contribution to the delivery of healthcare 92
Part 3 Key issues in healthcare policy 109
7 The caring culture and tradition in nursing 111
8 Evidence-based practice 129
9 Quality in healthcare 155
Part 4 Conclusions 175
10 Conclusions and future directions 177
References 186
Index 198
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Abbreviations 4
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A & E Accident and Emergency 511
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 6
BMA British Medical Association 7
BME black and minority ethnic 8
BMJ British Medical Journal 9
BNA British Nurses’ Association 20
BRII Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry 1
CAHO Chief Allied Health Officer 2
CASP Critical Appraisal Skills Programme 3
c. diff clostridium difficile 4
CDO Chief Dental Officer 5
CE clinical effectiveness 6
CEA cost-effectiveness analysis 7
CEBMH Centre for Evidence Based Mental Health 8
CFP Common Foundation Programme 9
CHAI Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection (Healthcare Commission) 30
CHI Commission for Health Improvement 1
CI confidence interval 2
CMO Chief Medical Officer 3
CNO Chief Nursing Officer 4
CPO Chief Pharmaceutical Officer 5
CQC Care Quality Commission 6
CSO Chief Scientific Officer 7
DH Department of Health 8
EBP evidence-based practice 9
EOC Essence of Care 40
EPP Expert Patient Programme 1
EPT Expert Patient Trainer 2
EQUIP Enhancing Quality in Partnership 3
ESC Essential Skills Cluster 4
EU European Union 5
GDP gross domestic product 6
GMC General Medical Council 7
GNC General Nursing Council 8
GP general practitioner 9
GPFH general practitioner fund holding 50
HAI hospital-acquired infection 51
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Abbreviations
HCP healthcare professional
HE higher education
HEFC Higher Education Funding Council
HEI higher education institution
ICN International Council of Nurses
ICP integrated care pathway
IT information technology
KSF Knowledge and Skills Framework
LD learning disabilities
LTC long-term condition
LTCA Long Term Conditions Alliance
MP Member of Parliament
MRSA multi-resistant staphylococcus aureus
N3 National Network for the NHS
NCAA National Clinical Assessment Authority
NHI National Health Insurance
NHS National Health Service
NHSE National Health Service Executive
NICE National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
NMC Nursing and Midwifery Council
NNRU National Nursing Research Unit
NPFN National Pension Fund for Nurses
NPSA National Patient Safety Agency
NQB National Quality Board
NSF National Service Framework
OSCE objective structured clinical examination
PA Patients Association
PACS picture archiving and communications system
PALS Patient Advice and Liaison Service
PBC practice-based commissioning
PCT Primary Care Trust
PEP pain education programme
PFI private finance initiative
QAA Quality Assurance Agency
RBNA Royal British Nurses’ Association
RCN Royal College of Nursing
RCT randomised controlled trial
SCHARR School of Health and Related Research
SHA Strategic Health Authority
SSPS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
SSRN Society for State Registration of Nurses
TUC Trades Union Congress
UKCC United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and HealthVisiting
VAD Voluntary Aid Detachment
WDC workforce development confederation
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Foreword 4
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It is not often that you find a book that brings different aspects of the diverse discipline 511
of nursing together in one text. For example, in preparation for registration as qualified 6
nurses, students can follow one of four programmes to learn how to care for adults, 7
children, persons with mental health problems or persons with learning difficulties. 8
Following registration, there are approximately 60 subspecialties of nursing that 9
concentrate on very different areas such as cardiology, community nursing, forensic 20
nursing, diabetes and so on. 1
By tracing the early beginnings of the formation of the National Health Service, 2
Graham R Williamson, Tim Jenkinson and Tracey Proctor-Childs outline the history of 3
modern-day nursing and its many branches and specialities. They skilfully lay before us 4
the foundation of ideas that have shaped the contemporary healthcare practice we know 5
today. The approach the authors have taken, to take a look back in time, helps us 6
understand where we are going in the future and is therefore an excellent compass for 7
student nurses and future qualified practitioners. 8
The book explores, in depth, nursing policy-making and politics, and will be essential 9
reading for nursing students to grasp the intricacies of the influences that shape our 30
profession. Having inside knowledge can equip nursing students to be informed and 1
effective advocates for their patients as well as future lobbyists for their profession. 2
There are essential themes in the book that closely relate to the current climate of 3
healthcare practice. The authors explore the caring culture that pervades our work and 4
the impact current issues of gender and multiculturalism have on today’s practice. The 5
crucial role that evidence-based practice plays in underpinning current practice and 6
ensuring that the quality agenda is achieved are also highly relevant themes. These are 7
dealt with in the text by providing very current material, in what are known to be 8
changing and dynamic topics. The concluding chapters provide pertinent insights into 9
the student experience and patient perspective, and will help to prepare students for 40
their journeys into healthcare practice. 1
In each chapter the relevant NMC Standards for Pre-registration Nursing Education 2
are stated. These are now a feature of the Transforming Nursing Practice series. This 3
ensures that nursing students will see exactly how the information in the book relates to 4
achieving their competencies and be ready to practise in the contemporary world of 5
nursing we know today. 6
Shirley Bach 7
Series Editor 8
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About the authors
Graham R Williamson is a Lecturer in Adult Nursing in the School of Nursing and
Midwifery at the University of Plymouth.
Tim Jenkinson is a Lecturer in the School of Nursing and Midwifery at the University of
Plymouth.
Tracey Proctor-Childs is the Deputy Head of School and a Senior Lecturer in the
School of Nursing and Midwifery at the University of Plymouth.
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