Contemporary Critical Discourse Studies

641 Pages·2014·3.232 MB·English

by  Christopher Hart, Piotr Cap

Contemporary Critical
Discourse Studies
i
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Contemporary Critical
Discourse Studies
EDITED BY
CHRISTOPHER HART AND
PIOTR CAP
Bloomsbury Academic
An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
iii
Bloomsbury Academic
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BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
First published 2014
© Christopher Hart, Piotr Cap and Contributors 2014
Christopher Hart and Piotr Cap have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as the Editors of this work.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted
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British Library Cataloguing- in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN: HB: 978-1-4411-4163-7
ePDF: 978-1-4411-6077-5
ePub: 978-1-4725-2704-2
Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data
Contemporary critical discourse studies / edited by Christopher Hart, Piotr Cap.
pages cm
ISBN 978-1-4411-4163-7 (hardback) — ISBN 978-1-4725-2704-2 (epub) –
ISBN 978-1-4411-6077-5 (epdf) 1. Critical discourse analysis. 2. Cognitive grammar.
I. Hart, Christopher (Linguist) editor of compilation. II. Cap, Piotr, editor of compilation.
P302.C62193 2014
401'.41—dc23
2014009527
Typeset by Refi neCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk

iv
Contents
Introduction C hristopher Hart and Piotr Cap 1
PART ONE Dimensions of Discourse
17
History
19
1 Historia Magistra Vitae : The Topos of History as a Teacher in Public
Struggles over Self and Other Representation
19
Bernhard Forchtner
2 Metaphor in the Discourse-Historical Approach 45
Andreas Musolff
Argumentation
67
3 Argumentation Analysis and the Discourse-Historical Approach:
A Methodological Framework
67
Martin Reisigl
4 It Is Easy to Miss Something You Are Not Looking for: A Pragmatic
Account of Covert Communicative Infl uence for (Critical) Discourse
Analysis
97
Steve Oswald
Social Cognition
121
5 Discourse-Cognition-Society: Current State and Prospects of the
Socio-Cognitive Approach to Discourse 121
Teun A. van Dijk
v
vi CONTENTS
6 Applying Social Cognition Research to Critical Discourse Studies:
The Case of Collective Identities
147
Veronika Koller
Conceptualization
167
7 Construal Operations in Online Press Reports of Political
Protests
167
Christopher Hart
8 Expanding CDS Methodology by Cognitive-Pragmatic Tools:
Proximization Theory and Public Space Discourses
189
Piotr Cap
Corpora
211
9 ‘Bad Wigs and Screaming Mimis’: Using Corpus-Assisted Techniques
to Carry Out Critical Discourse Analysis of the Representation of Trans
People in the British Press
211
Paul Baker
10 Digital Argument Deconstruction: An Ethical Software-Assisted
Critical Discourse Analysis for Highlighting Where Arguments Fall
Apart
237
Kieran O’Halloran
Sound and Vision
281
11 Critical Discourse Analysis and Multimodality 281
Theo van Leeuwen
12 Sound and Discourse: A Multimodal Approach to War
Film Music
297
David Machin
CONTENTS vii
PART TWO Domains of Discourse
319
Political Discourse
321
13 ‘American Ways of Organizing the World’: Designing the Global Future
through US National Security Policy
321
Patricia L. Dunmire
14 ‘Yes, We Can’: The Social Life of a Political Slogan 347
Adam Hodges
Media Discourse
365
15 Media Discourse in Context 365
Anita Fetzer
16 Media Discourse and De/Coloniality: A Post-Foundational
Approach
385
Felicitas Macgilchrist
European Union
407
17 Discourse and Communication in the European Union: A Multi-Focus
Perspective of Critical Discourse Studies
407
Michał Krzyżanowski
18 The Discursive Technology of Europeans’ Involvement: EU C ulture and
Community of Practice
433
Elena Magistro
Public Policy
461
19 The Privatization of the Public Realm: A Critical Perspective on
Practice and Discourse
461
Gerlinde Mautner
viii CONTENTS
20 Pushed out of School: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Policies and
Practices of Educational Accountability
479
Rebecca Rogers
Race and Immigration
501
21 Immigration Discourses and Critical Discourse Analysis:
Dynamics of World Events and Immigration Representations
in the British Press
501
Majid KhosraviNik
22 Race and Immigration in Far- and Extreme-Right European Political
Leafl ets
521
John E. Richardson and Monica Colombo
Health
543
23 Critical Studies of Health and Illness Discourses 543
Nelya Koteyko
24 Public Health in the UK Media: Cognitive Discourse Analysis and its
Application to a Drinking Water Emergency
559
Olivia Knapton and Gabriella Rundblad
Environment
583
25 Ecolinguistics and Erasure: Restoring the Natural World to
Consciousness
583
Arran Stibbe
26 Values, Assumptions and Beliefs in British Newspaper Editorial
Coverage of Climate Change
603
Cinzia Bevitori
Index 627
Introduction
Christopher Hart and Piotr Cap
C ritical Discourse Studies (CDS) is a transdisciplinary, text-a nalytical approach to
critical social research (Fowler et al., 1979; Hodge and Kress, 1993; Fairclough, 1989,
1995; Chouliaraki and Fairclough, 1999; Reisigl and Wodak, 2001; Weiss and Wodak,
2003; Van Dijk, 1999, 2003, 2006; Wodak and Chilton, 2005; Wodak and Meyer, 2009;
Wodak, 2012; amongst others). It is not confi ned to any specifi c methodology or particular
area of analysis but, rather, CDS is and always has been multifaceted, dealing with data
of very different kinds and applying a broad base of methodologies sourced from across
the humanities, social and cognitive sciences (see e.g. Breeze, 2011 for a comprehensive
overview). Both the ‘discourse’ and the ‘studies’ in its designation thus mean something
different to different researchers. 1 Discourse is a multidimensional, multimodal and
multifunctional phenomenon. Discourse must be ‘unpacked’ with reference to different
dimensions of context (linguistic, intertextual, historical, social and situational). As a
practice, it also involves both cognitive and linguistic or other semiotic, including audio
and visual, dimensions. Functionally, discourse is used (simultaneously) to represent,
evaluate, argue for and against, and ultimately to legitimate or delegitimate social
actions. In this way, discourse is socially constitutive as well as socially conditioned
(Fairclough and Wodak, 1997; Wodak, 2011, etc.). That is, on the one hand, discourse is
shaped by the situations, institutions and social structures which surround it. At the
same time, however, discourse itself constitutes these situations, institutions etc., as
well as the social identities and relationships between their members/participants. In
respect of the latter, discourse thus functions in creating, sustaining and/or transforming
the social status quo.
Since this dialectical relationship between discourse and social reality is quite
evidently complex, different researchers in CDS focus on different aspects of this
relationship, working at different locations on the continuum that links the ‘micro’ (the
linguistic) with the ‘macro’ (the social) (Lemke, 1995; Benke, 2000). Some practitioners,
for example, are more concerned with the macro- level social structures which facilitate
or motivate discursive events whilst others focus more on the micro-l evel, looking at
the particular chunks of language that make up these events. These preferences are,
of course, never mutually exclusive but are a matter, purely, of analytical emphasis.
1