Conflicting Agents: Conflict Management in Multi-Agent Systems PDF
Preview Conflicting Agents: Conflict Management in Multi-Agent Systems
CONFLICTING AGENTS Conflict Management in Multi-Agent Systems MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS, ARTIFICIAL SOCIETIES, AND SIMULATED ORGANIZATIONS International Book Series Series Editor: Gerhard Weiss Technische Universität München Editorial Board: Kathleen M. Carley, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA Yves Demazeau, CNRS Laboratoire LEIBNIZ, France Ed Durfee, University of Michigan, USA Les Gasser, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA Nigel Gilbert, University of Surrey, United Kingdom Michael Huhns, University of South Carolina, SC, USA Nick Jennings, University of Southampton, UK Victor Lesser, University of Massachusetts, MA, USA Katia Sycara, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA Gerhard Weiss, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Series Editor) Michael Wooldridge, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom CONFLICTING AGENTS Conflict Management in Multi-Agent Systems Edited by Catherine Tessier Onera-Cert, Toulouse, France Laurent Chaudron Onera-Cert, Toulouse, France Heinz-Jürgen Müller Deutsche Telekom, Darmstadt, Germany KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow eBookISBN: 0-306-46985-5 Print ISBN: 0-792-37210-7 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://www.kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com To Jean-Marc Fouet Contents Preface xi Contributing Authors xiii 1 Agents’ conflicts: new issues 1 Catherine Tessier Heinz-Jürgen Müller Humbert Fiorino Laurent Chaudron 1. Introduction 2 2. About conflicts in general 6 3. Two classes of conflicts 13 4. Towards a unified definition of conflict? 15 5. Conflict handling 16 6. Overview of the book 28 Part I Conflicts and agents: essentials 2 Conflicts within and for collaboration 33 Cristiano Castelfranchi and Rino Falcone 1. Introduction 33 2. A plan-based theory of delegation/adoption 35 3. Types and levels of delegation and related conflicts 38 4. Levels of control and relative conflicts 42 5. Adoption and conflict 46 6. Delegation roles and conflicts 54 7. Tutorial and paternalistic conflicts 56 8. Functional violations of norms and commitments 57 9. Conclusions 61 3 Their problems are my problems 63 Markus Hannebauer 1. Introduction 63 2. Internal Conflicts 65 3. External Conflicts 74 CONFLICTING AGENTS 4. Autonomous Dynamic Reconfiguration 84 5. Related Work 94 6. Conclusions 97 Appendix 99 4 Conflicts in social theory and MAS 111 Thomas Malsch Gerhard Weiss 1. Introduction 111 2. Different reasons for studying conflicts 115 3. Conflicts in the sociology of autopoietic social systems 119 4. Conflict in pragmatist sociology 126 5. Conflict and social change 136 6. Conclusion 144 Part II Conflicts of operational agents 5 Conflicts in agent teams 153 Hyuckchul Jung and Milind Tambe 1. Introduction 153 2. Domains and motivations 154 3. Teamwork model 156 4. Argument representation and evaluation 157 5. CONSA approach 159 6. Detailed example of implementation 164 7. Related work 166 8. Summary and future work 167 6 Conflict-based behaviour emergence in robotteams 169 Jacques Penders 1. Introduction 169 2. Team behaviour 172 3. Interaction: collisions and conflicts 181 4. Avoiding robots 190 5. Conclusion 201 7 Conflicts in collective robotics 203 Fabrice Chantemargue 1. Conflict in Artificial Intelligence and Distributed Artificial Intelli- gence 204 2. Autonomous agents: basic concepts 205 3. Our view on emergence 206 4. An experimental multi-agent testbed 208 5. Results 211 6. Conclusion 219 PartIII Application centered agents’ conflicts Contents 8 Strategic use of conflicts in tutoring systems 223 Esma Aïmeur 1. Introduction 223 2. Evolution of learning strategies in intelligent tutoring systems 225 3. Notions of conflicts 227 4. Cooperation and conflicts in ITS 232 5. Conflicts management 235 6. Experimentation 244 7. Results and discussion 245 8. Conclusion and perspectives 249 9 Conflict handling in collaborative search 251 Jörg Denzinger 1. Introduction 251 2. Search and multi-agent search 253 3. Multi-Agent Search based on Improving on the Competition Ap- proach 258 4. Multi-Agent Search based on using a Common Search State 263 5. Multi-Agent Search based on Dividing the Problem into Subproblems 269 6. Conclusion 276 10 Conflict as a heuristic in the development of an interaction mechanics 279 William F. Lawless T. Castelão C.P. Abubucker 1. Introduction: traditional views of reality, R and convergence 280 2. Bistability 284 3. Solving ill-defined problems 287 4. Environmental remediation 288 5. The transition to interaction mechanics 292 6. Macro economics 297 7. Path forward 299 8. Conclusion 300 References 303 Index 333 Preface Conflicts between agents acting in a multi-agent environment arise for dif- ferent reasons, involve different concepts, and are dealt with in different ways, depending on the kind of agents and on the domain where they are considered. For example, agents may have conflicting beliefs, conflicting goals, or may have to share limited resources. Conflicts may be expressed as mere differ- ences, or as contradictions, or even as social conflicts. They may be avoided, solved, kept, or even created deliberately. Since more and more concern is attached to agents’ teamwork and agents’ di- alogue, conflicts naturally arise as a key issue to be dealt with, not only with application dedicated techniques, but also with more formal and generic tools. The aim of this book is to focus on the management of conflicts in multi- agent environments. It is the fruit of thoughts that have been discussed since 1993 in the occasion of several workshops held at IJCAI, AAAI and ECAI. We deeply thank all the authors for their high-quality contributions and for their cooperation during the editing process. We are most grateful to Jörg Denzinger who gave us judicious advice that helped us putting together the different chapters of the book, and to Jean-Pierre Chrétien who helped us solve some tricky problems. CATHERINETESSIER, LAURENTCHAUDRON AND HEINZ-JÜRGEN MÜLLER xi Contributing Authors C.P. Abubucker Paine College 1235 15th Street Augusta, GA 30901-3182, USA Esma Aïmeur Université de Montréal Département d’lnformatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle 2920 Chemin de la Tour Montréal, H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada T. Castelão Grand Valley State University One Campus Drive Allendale, MI 49401-9403, USA Cristiano Castelfranchi National Research Council - Institute of Psychology Division of "Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive and Interaction Modelling" Viale Marx, 15 00137 Roma, Italy xiii
Description:The list of books you might like
