Concise Illustrated Dictionary of Biocontrol Terms PDF
Preview Concise Illustrated Dictionary of Biocontrol Terms
Concise Illustrated Dictionary of Biocontrol Terms Minute parasitic wasp commonly used for biocontrol of many insect pest eggs Photo by permission of Tomas Cabello, University of Almeria, Spain Concise Illustrated Dictionary of Biocontrol Terms Vladimir V. Gouli University of Vermont, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Burlington, VT, USA Svetlana Y. Gouli University of Vermont, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Burlington, VT, USA José A. P. Marcelino CE3C, Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125, London Wall, EC2Y 5AS. 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/ permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-0-12-804403-2 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. For Information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com/ Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India www.adi-mps.com Printed and bound in the United States of America CONTENTS PREFACE vii A 1 N 101 B 21 O 107 C 39 P 109 D 53 Q 121 E 59 R 123 F 65 S 127 G 69 T 135 H 73 U 143 I 77 V 145 J 83 W 149 K 85 X 151 L 87 Y 153 M 91 Z 155 REFERENCES 157 INDEX OF COMMON NOXIOUS ORGANISMS AND PLANT DISEASES 159 This page intentionally left blank PREFACE The history of human society is one facilitates comprehension, and clarifies con- of struggle for existence. Numerous text. This is particularly relevant in biologi- threats to the health and economy cal control due to the broad interest of this of societies coexist with humans. In the last field within the general public, who may have decades, amidst emerging fields of science, difficulty understanding the terms used by the biological control of pests and pathogens experts in the field. The present concise dic- has rapidly expanded as an urgent answer to tionary includes basic terminology related to mitigate the negative impacts of uncontrolled the biological control of pests and pathogens, chemical pesticide use, such as collateral together with state-of-the-art scientific and effects on nontarget organisms, the disruption practical terms, for an expedient comprehen- of natural communities, and the chronic effects sion and analysis of present, forecasted, or on humans and ecosystems due to exposure to in situ pest and pathogen management prob- these pesticides. We can all identify negative lems. In addition, it also provides the names of impacts of the use of chemical pesticides. At target pests and pathogens of the most com- present time, alternative biological control of mon pesticides and mycopesticides, as a use- pests and pathogens using living organisms is ful tool for prompt management actions. The an independent branch of science based on dictionary is illustrated with original pictures an holistic approach to multiple disciplines clarifying the most commonly used terms and including general biology, zoology, entomol- organisms in biological control. We attempted ogy, phytopathology, and microbiology. As a to be both scientifically rigorous and clear in result, the field of biological control has its this work—a compromise that hopefully will own specific terminology. Understanding the make this science accessible for many, and of terms of a given science mitigates concerns, particular interest for some. This page intentionally left blank agricultural crops. Manufactured by Agro A Bio-Tech Research Centre Limited, India. A ABTEC Hirsutella trademark for mycoinsecticide based on the fungus Hirsutella thompsonii for control of coconut eriophyid mites, Aceria guerreronis and other mites on vegetables and fruit crops. Manufactured by Agro Bio-Tech Research Centre Limited, India. ABTEC Paecilomyces trademark for mycoinsecticide based on the fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus for control of several root parasitizing nematodes including root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. of Abamectin microbial insecticide based jasmine, potato, chillies, bhindi, cowpea, on the biological activity of secondary cucurbits, rice cyst nematode (Heterodera metabolites of the soil actinomycete, oryzae), and others. Manufactured by Agro Streptomyces avermitilis. Recommended for Bio-Tech Research Centre Limited, India. control of different arthropod pests. ABTEC Pseudo trademark for microbial ABB-3 trademark for biological insecticide pesticide based on the bacterium based on the baculovirus of the Hyphantria Pseudomonas fluorescens for control of cunea (Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae); quick wilt of black pepper, Phytophthora registered in Moldova for control of capsici, foot rot of betel vine, Phytophthora webworm (H. cunea). parasitica, soft rot of ginger, Pythium sp., Abietiv trademark for biological and other diseases of crops. Manufactured insecticide based on Neodiprion abietis by Agro Bio-Tech Research Centre Limited, nucleopolyhedrovirus for control of balsam India. fir sawfly larvae. Manufactured by the ABTEC Tricho trademark for mycopesticide Canadian Forest Service, Canada. based on antagonistic fungi Trichoderma spp.; Abscisic acid plant growth regulator used for control of quick wilt of black pepper, capable of inhibiting seed germination; it can Phytophthora capsici, foot rot of betel vine, be applied for the management of weeds. Phytophthora parasitica, soft rot of ginger, ABTEC trademark for biological insecticide Pythium sp., and other diseases of crops. based on the entomopathogenic fungus Manufactured by Agro Bio-Tech Research Metarhizium anisopliae as active ingredient; Centre Limited, India. registered in India for control of insects. ABTEC Verticillium trademark for ABTEC Bacillus trademark for microbial mycoinsecticide based on the fungus pesticide based on the bacterium Bacillus Verticillium (=Lecanicillium) lecanii for subtilis for control of different bacterial and control of aphids, scales, whiteflies, thrips, fungal plant diseases on cardamom, pepper, red spider mites (Tetranychus urtica), vanilla, vegetables, mulberry, coffee, tea, nematodes, and other pests on different cotton, grape, ornamentals. Manufactured agricultural crops. Manufactured by Agro by Agro Bio-Tech Research Centre Limited, Bio-Tech Research Centre Limited, India. India. Acanthocephala a phylum of parasitic ABTEC Beauveria trademark worms that have a complex life cycle, for mycoinsecticide based on the involving a number of hosts, including entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria numerous noxious arthropods. bassiana for control of insects related to the Acarina order of mites and ticks which orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, include many predatory and parasitic species Hymenoptera, and Diptera on different used in biological pest control. Concise Illustrated Dictionary of Biocontrol Terms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804403-2.00001-8 Copyright © 22001156 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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