Conceptual Nursing in Practice: A research-based approach PDF
Preview Conceptual Nursing in Practice: A research-based approach
Conceptual Nursing in Practice JOIN US ON THE INTERNET VIA WWW, GOPHER, FTP OR EMAil: WWW: http://www.thomson.com GOPHER: gopher.thomson.com A service of IQJP FTP: ftp.thomson.com EMAIL: [email protected] Conceptual Nursing in Practice A research-based approach Second edition Mary Fraser PHD, MSc, BSc (HONS), DIPN.ED, RGN, ONC, RNT§ Director, Research and Project Consultancy, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 5NH I~nl SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, BV First edition 1990 Reprinted 1993 Second edition 1996 © 1990, 1996 Mary Fraser Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1996 Typeset in 10/12 pt Palatino by Mews Photosetting, Beckenham, Kent ISBN 978-1-56593-418-4 ISBN 978-1-4899-3340-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-3340-9 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-068956 8 Printed on permanent acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 and ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1984 (Permanence of Paper). Contents Preface ix Preface to first edition x Introduction to the second edition 1 1. Introduction to Conceptual Nursing in Practice: 6 a research-based approach 2. Roper, Logan and Tierney's model of activities of living 12 The authors 12 The model 13 Summary of the Roper, Logan and Tierney model of the 13 activities of living Identification of problems using the Roper, Logan and 21 Tierney model Planning care using the Roper, Logan and Tierney model 26 Implementing care using the Roper, Logan and Tierney 31 model in practice Overall conclusions 38 References 38 Further reading 41 3. Roy's model of adaptation 42 The author 43 The model 43 Summary of the Roy adaptation model 44 Identification of patients' problems of adaptation 46 Planning nursing care 63 Provision of nursing care 67 Evaluation of the level of adaptation 73 Conclusions on the use of the model to 1990 77 vi Contents Developments since 1990 77 Conclusions on the use of the model from its development 87 to 1995 References 89 Further reading 91 4. Orem's model of self-care 93 The author 94 The model 95 Summary of the Orem model of self-care 95 Identification of self-care requisites and deficits 98 Nursing actions to promote self-care 110 Assessment of quality using a self-care framework 129 The nurse as a potential self-care practitioner 135 Conclusions on the use of the model to 1990 136 Developments since 1990 137 Identification of self-care requisites and deficits 138 Conclusions on the use of the model from its development 148 to 1995 References 150 Further reading 154 5. johnson's behavioural systems model 155 The author 155 The model 156 Summary of Johnson's behavioural systems model 156 Identification of problems (behavioural systems imbalance) 160 Nursing actions to promote behavioural systems balance 172 The development of standards of care using Johnson's 174 model Conclusions on the use of the model to 1990 175 Developments since 1990 176 Conclusions on the use of the model from its development 178 to 1995 References 178 Further reading 179 6. Rogers' model of unitary human beings 181 The author 182 The model 183 Summary of Rogers' model of unitary human beings 183 Identification of the unitary state 188 Implementing nursing care using Rogers' model 231 Conclusions on the use of the model to 1990 245 Contents vii Developments since 1990 246 Identification of the unitary state 246 Evaluation of nursing actions to promote human-environment interaction 248 Conclusions on the use of the model from its 249 development to 1995 References 250 Further reading 254 7. Neuman's health care systems model 256 The author 256 The model 257 Summary of the Neuman health care systems model 257 Assessment using Neuman's health care systems model 261 Intervention using Neuman's health care systems model 268 Conclusions on the use of Neuman's model in practice 274 References 274 8. Conclusions 276 References 278 Appendix 1: Studies of interest to particular groups of nurses 279 Appendix 2: Glossary of terms 284 Index 288 Preface Since 1990 there has been considerable development in research in nursing practice which uses a model of nursing. This is due to many reasons. However, the aims of this book remain the same as for the first edition - to present the reader with current reports of studies in nursing practice which use a model of nursing as their base. I will also criticize the research methods that the studies use, to give the reader an indication of the credi bility of the findings, as well as commenting on the popularity of the model in different countries and cultures. A development that is possible since the last edition is the ability to give some indication of why the model of nursing was used; in other words what was the author's intention in studying nursing practice in depth with the use of a model. This will give some indication of the impli cations of the authors' work; I will develop this point further in the Introduction to this edition. Therefore this edition is not simply an updating of further studies published since 1990. Since the last edition there has also been some comment on the models that I included. I am grateful to Margaret Clarke (1991) and others who have pointed out that Neuman's model should be included, and there is therefore a chapter devoted to this in this edition. The nursing models presented in this book are therefore: • Roper, Logan and Tierney's model of activities of daily living • Roy's adaptation model • Orem's self-care model • johnson's model of behavioural systems balance • Rogers' model of unitary human beings • Neuman's health care systems model REFERENCE Clarke, M. (1991) Book review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 28(2), 204-5. Preface to the first edition As nursing models are currently being advocated for use in every practice setting, it was felt that the timing was right for a text which showed the potential in practice, through investigations of practice, of the best known of these models. This book has therefore been compiled from a search of the literature where studies that are easily available to nurses in Britain are outlined. It is hoped that this compilation, with associated comment and analysis, will help nurses in practice to understand and to continue to develop their understanding of the conceptual basis of nursing practice. There are many texts currently available that explain and outline nurs ing models for the beginner of nursing; this text is not one of these. It is aimed at the experienced practising nurse who realizes that her or his knowledge of the use of these models is insufficient. It is hoped that having achieved a certain level of understanding of the models, this text will then help the experienced practising nurse further to develop this understanding. The nursing models presented in this book are chosen because they are the best known and therefore arguably the best understood in Britain. They are: • Roper, Logan and Tierney's model of activities of living • Roy's adaptation model • Orem's self-care model • Johnson's model of behavioural systems balance • Roger's model of unitary human beings.
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