Conceptual Electromagnetics

651 Pages·2017·11.229 MB·English

by  Branislav M. Notaros

Conceptual Electromagnetics
Conceptual Electromagnetics
Branislav M. Notaroš
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
Version Date: 20170523
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-7066-8 (Hardback)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage
or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access
www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
(CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization
that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a
photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
To Olivera, Jelena, and Milica
CONTENTS
Preface
About the Author
1 Electrostatic Field in Free Space
1.1 Coulomb’s Law
1.2 Electric Field Intensity Vector Due to Given Charge Distributions
1.3 Electric Scalar Potential
1.4 Differential Relationship between Field and Potential in
Electrostatics, Gradient
1.5 Gauss’ Law in Integral Form
1.6 Differential Form of Gauss’ Law, Divergence
1.7 Conductors in the Electrostatic Field
1.8 Electrostatic Shielding
1.9 Charge Distribution on Metallic Bodies of Arbitrary Shapes
1.10 Image Theory
2 Electrostatic Field in Dielectrics
2.1 Polarization of Dielectrics
2.2 Generalized Gauss’ Law and Permittivity
2.3 Dielectric–Dielectric Boundary Conditions
2.4 Analysis of Capacitors with Homogeneous Dielectrics
2.5 Analysis of Capacitors with Inhomogeneous Dielectrics
2.6 Energy of an Electrostatic System
2.7 Dielectric Breakdown in Electrostatic Systems
3 Steady Electric Currents
3.1 Continuity Equation, Conductivity, and Ohm’s and Joule’s Laws in
Local Form
3.2 Resistance, Conductance, and Ohm’s Law
3.3 Boundary Conditions for Steady Currents
3.4 Duality Relationships in the Steady Current Field
3.5 Lossy Transmission Lines with Steady Currents
4 Magnetostatic Field in Free Space
4.1 Magnetic Force and Magnetic Flux Density Vector
4.2 Biot–Savart Law
4.3 Ampère’s Law in Integral Form
4.4 Differential Form of Ampère’s Law, Curl
4.5 Law of Conservation of Magnetic Flux
4.6 Magnetic Vector Potential
5 Magnetostatic Field in Material Media
5.1 Magnetization Current
5.2 Generalized Ampère’s Law and Permeability
5.3 Boundary Conditions for the Magnetic Field
5.4 Image Theory for the Magnetic Field
5.5 Magnetization Curves and Hysteresis
5.6 Magnetic Circuits
5.7 Magnetic Energy
6 Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field
6.1 Induced Electric Field Intensity Vector
6.2 Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
6.3 Electromagnetic Induction Due to Motion and Total Induction
6.4 Self-Inductance
6.5 Mutual Inductance
6.6 Displacement Current
6.7 Maxwell’s Equations for the High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field
6.8 Boundary Conditions for the High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field
6.9 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetics
6.10 Complex Representatives of Time-Harmonic Field and Circuit
Quantities
6.11 Lorenz Electromagnetic Potentials
6.12 Instantaneous and Complex Poynting Vector, Poynting’s Theorem
7 Uniform Plane Electromagnetic Waves
7.1 Wave Equations
7.2 Time-Domain Analysis of Uniform Plane Waves
7.3 Time-Harmonic Uniform Plane Waves and Complex-Domain
Analysis
7.4 Arbitrarily Directed Uniform Plane Waves
7.5 Theory of Time-Harmonic Waves in Lossy Media
7.6 Good Dielectrics and Good Conductors
7.7 Skin Effect
7.8 Wave Propagation in Plasmas
7.9 Dispersion and Group Velocity
7.10 Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves
8 Reflection and Transmission of Plane Waves
8.1 Normal Incidence on a Perfectly Conducting Plane
8.2 Normal Incidence on a Penetrable Planar Interface
8.3 Oblique Incidence on a Perfect Conductor
8.4 Oblique Incidence on a Dielectric Boundary
9 Field Analysis of Transmission Lines
9.1 Field Analysis of Lossless Transmission Lines
9.2 Transmission Lines with Small Losses
9.3 Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Circuit Parameters of
Transmission Lines
9.4 Transmission Lines with Inhomogeneous Dielectrics
10 Circuit Analysis of Transmission Lines
10.1 Telegrapher’s Equations and Their Solution
10.2 Reflection Coefficient for Transmission Lines
10.3 Transmission-Line Impedance
10.4 Short-Circuited, Open-Circuited, and Matched Transmission Lines
10.5 The Smith Chart
10.6 Transient Analysis of Transmission Lines with Step Excitations
10.7 Analysis of Transmission Lines with Pulse Excitations
10.8 Transient Response for Reactive Terminations
11 Waveguides and Cavity Resonators
11.1 Rectangular Waveguide Analysis Based on Multiple Reflections
of Plane Waves
11.2 Arbitrary TE and TM Modes in a Rectangular Waveguide
11.3 Wave Impedances of TE and TM Waves
11.4 Waveguides with Small Losses
11.5 Waveguide Dispersion and Wave Velocities
11.6 Waveguide Couplers
11.7 Rectangular Cavity Resonators
11.8 Quality Factor of Rectangular Cavities with Small Losses
12 Antennas and Wireless Communication Systems
12.1 Electromagnetic Field due to a Hertzian Dipole
12.2 Far Field and Near Field
12.3 Steps in Far-Field Evaluation of an Arbitrary Antenna
12.4 Radiation and Ohmic Resistances of an Antenna, Antenna Input
Impedance
12.5 Antenna Radiation Patterns, Directivity, and Gain
12.6 Wire Dipole Antennas of Arbitrary Lengths
12.7 Image Theory for Antennas above a Perfectly Conducting Ground
Plane
12.8 Theory of Receiving Antennas. Wireless Links with Nonaligned
Wire Antennas
12.9 Antenna Effective Aperture
12.10 Friis Transmission Formula for a Wireless Link
12.11 Antenna Arrays
Appendix A: Quantities, Symbols, Units, Constants
Appendix B: Mathematical Facts and Identities
B.1 Trigonometric Identities
B.2 Exponential, Logarithmic, and Hyperbolic Identities
B.3 Solution of Quadratic Equation
B.4 Approximations for Small Quantities
B.5 Derivatives
B.6 Integrals
B.7 Vector Algebraic Identities
B.8 Vector Calculus Identities
B.9 Gradient, Divergence, Curl, Laplacian in Orthogonal Coordinate
Systems
B.10 Vector Algebra and Calculus Index
References
Index