Concepts of Non-Provocative Defence: Ideas and Practices in International Security

299 Pages·2002·2.097 MB·English

by  Geoffrey Wiseman (auth.)

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Concepts of

Non-Provocative Defence

Ideas and Practices in International Security

Geoffrey Wiseman
School of International Relations
University of Southern California
Los Angeles
in association with
ST ANTONY'S COLLEGE, OXFORD
Q Geoffrey Wiseman 2002
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-79025-0
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission
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and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2002 by
PALGRAVE
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PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of
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ISBN 978-1-349-41878-7 ISBN 978-0-230-59637-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230596375
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and
made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
A catalogue record for this book is available
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wiseman, Geoffrey.
Concepts of non-provocative defence: ideas and practices in
international security/Geoffrey Wiseman.
p. cm.Ð(St. Antony's series)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-349-41878-7 (cloth)

1. Non-provocative defense (Military science) 2. Military policy.
3. World politicsÐ1989-I. Title. II. St. Antony's series (Palgrave (Firm))
U162.6 .W57 2001
3550.03Ðdc21
2001038906
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02
For Nellie and Gary Wiseman
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Contents

Acknowledgements viii

List of Abbreviations ix

I Introduction 1

1 What is Non-Provocative Defence? 3

2 Defensive Concepts and the Security Dilemma 13

3 Antecedents of Non-Provocative Defence 26

II The Rise of Non-Provocative Defence 47

4 The Development of Non-Provocative Defence

Concepts in Western Europe in the 1980s 49

5 New Defensive Thinking in the Soviet Union, 1986±89 82

III The Decline of Non-Provocative Defence 107

6 The End of the Cold War in Europe 109

7 Collective Security and Defensive Concepts:

The 1990±91 Gulf War 139

8 Defensive Approaches in the Asia-Pacific 165

IV The Future of Non-Provocative Defence 197

9 The Strengths and Weaknesses of Non-Provocative

Defence: Lessons for the Future 199

Notes 228

Select Bibliography 279

Index 289

vii
Acknowledgements

I owe many individual and institutional debts of gratitude. My deep
thanks go to Adam Roberts, Montague Burton Professor of International
Relations at the University of Oxford, for inspiring and supervising the
original version of this project as a doctoral thesis. I also owe thanks to
Alex Pravda, Eugene Rogan, and Richard Clogg, editors of the St Anto-
ny's/Palgrave series, and to Palgrave's editors and consultants, particu-
larly Alison Howson, Peter Dent, Beverley Tarquini, Lesley Atkin and
Linda Auld.
I am deeply grateful to several institutions and individuals for funding
and related support: the US Social Science Research Council ±
MacArthur Foundation Program on International Security; the Fellows
and Staff at St Antony's College, Oxford; Susan Berresford, Alison Bern-
stein, Shepard Forman, and Christine Wing at the Ford Foundation; Paul
Kennedy at Yale University's International Security Studies Program;
Abraham Lowenthal at the Pacific Council on International Policy;
and Laurie Brand and Ann Tickner at the Center for International
Studies, University of Southern California (USC). Other colleagues at
USC's School of International Relations who have taken a close interest
in my work include Hayward Alker, Jonathan Aronson, Gerald Bender,
Steven Lamy, John Odell, Ron Steel, and Stephen Toulmin.
Several individuals read the entire work at various stages, offering
acute ± yet always constructive ± criticisms. In this regard, I would like
to thank especially Barry Buzan, Martin Ceadel, and Bjùrn Mùller. I
would also like to thank several colleagues who read drafts of certain
chapters, notably Roy Allison, Tim Dunne, Graeme Cheeseman, Nich-
olas Wheeler and Carola Weil. Michele Dunbar and Eric Blanchard
provided enthusiastic support with proof-reading and indexing. And I
am specially grateful to Jeri O'Donnell for her splendid editing. Others
who have encouraged and helped me at critical moments include
Gareth Evans, Robert O'Neill, and the late John Vincent. My final and
special personal thanks go to my wife, Donna Roberts, who has seen this
project through from beginning to end.
Geoffrey Wiseman
viii
Abbreviations

ABC Atomic, biological and chemical weapons
ABM Anti-ballistic missile
ALB Air-land battle
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASZ Air safety zone
BMD Ballistic missile defence
CBD Confidence-building defence
CBM Confidence-building measure
CSBM Confidence-and security-building measure
CFE Conventional Forces in Europe
CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CND Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
COPRI Copenhagen Peace Research Institute
CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union
CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
DD Defensive defence
DMZ Demilitarised zone
EC European Community/European Communities
ECE East Central Europe
EDC European Defence Community
EEZ Exclusive economic zone
EU European Union
FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service
FEER Far Eastern Economic Review
FOFA Follow-on forces attack
FRG Federal Republic of Germany
GCC Gulf Co-operation Council
GDP Gross domestic product
GDR German Democratic Republic
GSZ Ground safety zone
G7 Group of Seven
HVK Main Defence Forces (Germany)
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
ICBM Intercontinental ballistic missile
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
IFOR Implementation Force (Bosnia)
IMEMO Institute of World Economy and International Relations
ix