Table Of Content

Heathkit Educational Systems CONCEPTS OF ELECTRONICS Book 1 Copyright © 1981 Thirteenth printing -1985 Model EB-6140 Heath Company HEATH COMPANY Not Affiliated with D.C. Heath Inc. BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN 49022 All Rights Reserved 595-2585 ISBN0-87119-065-6 Printed in the United States of America II CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III Course Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV Course Outline ................................................. V UNIT ONE - DIRECT CURRENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 UNIT TWO-ALTERNATING CURRENT ...................... 2-1 UNIT THREE - ACTIVE DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 UNIT FOUR- ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ........................ 4-1 UNIT FIVE - DIGIT AL ELECTRONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 UNIT SIX - DIGIT AL COMPUTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Ill INTRODUCTION This is Heathkit Learning Publications Textbook, EB-6140, Concepts of Electronics. It is designed to give you a thorough foundation in the basic and intermediate principles of electronics. Starting at the very beginning, it answers the question: "What is an electron?" This is an important question because electronics is the science that studies and controls the behavior of electrons. Therefore, you must be familiar with the electron and its behavior to fully understand electronics. As you progress through this learning program, you will examine the electron's behavior in direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) circuits. You will study diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. You will also study power supplies, amplifiers, oscillators, digital elec tronics, and digital computers. You can get a good idea of the scope of this program by reviewing the "Course Outline" that follows. As you can see, this is a very comprehen sive course with a substantial amount of material. To enliven and enrich your learning experiences, a total of twenty-six Experiments are included in the ''Student Workbook.'' These experiments will reinforce the theory of electronics with practical applications. How do you gauge your learning? Let the "objectives" be your guide. These carefully constructed objectives are the framework for the course. When you can meet all of the objectives, you have satisfied the require ments of the course. You'll find two types of objectives in this course: broad, "Course Objectives" are listed following this introduction. More specific "Unit Objectives'' are listed near the front of each unit. When you can satisfy these unit objectives, you've learned everything that was intended from the units. IV COURSE OBJECTIVES When you have completed this course, you will be able to: 1. Discuss basic and intermediate electronics theory and techniques. 2. Construct complex electronic circuits using only a schematic dia gram as a guide. 3. Use a multimeter and oscilloscope to measure electronic parame ters. 4. Use transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits to construct both basic and intermediate electronic circuits. 5. Construct and analyze the operation of power supplies, amplifiers, and oscillators. 6. Construct and analyze digital electronic circuits. 7. Discuss computer concepts and principles. V COURSE OUTLINE Unit 1 Direct Current I. Introduction II. Unit Objectives III. The Basis of Electronics A. Atoms. B. Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons. C. Electrostatics. D. Coulomb's Law. E. The Ion. F. The Coulomb. G. Powers of Ten and Scientific Notation. IV. Current A. Freeing Electrons. B. Conductors and Insulators. C. The Battery. D. Random Drift and Directed Drift. E. The Electric Circuit. F. The Ampere. V. Voltage A. Electromotive Force. B. Potential Difference. C. Voltage. D. Battery Connections. E. Voltage Rises and Voltage Drops. F. Concept of Ground. VI. Resistance A. The Ohm. B. Resistors. C. Variable Resistors. D. Resistor Connections. E. Conductance. VII. Ohm's Law A. Finding Current. B. Finding Current in Parallel Circuits. C. Finding Voltage. D. Finding Resistance. E. Summary. VIII. Power A. The Watt. B. Power, Current, and Voltage. C. Power Dissipation in Resistors. D. The Wheel Diagram. VI IX. Magnetism A. The Magnetic Field B. Laws of Magnetism. C. Electricity and Magnetism. D. Applications of Magnetism. X. Meters A. The Meter Movement. B. Ammeter. C. Voltmeter. D. Ohmmeter. E. Multimeters. VII Unit 2 ALTERNATING CURRENT I. Introduction II. Unit Objectives III. What is AC? A. Generating an Alternating Voltage IV. Waveform Measurements A. Voltage and Current Values. B. Frequency. C. Wave Length. D. Phase Angle. V. AC Meters A. Rectifiers. B. The Complete AC Meter. C. Using the AC Meter. VI. Oscilloscopes A. Oscilloscope Oepration. B. Using the Oscilloscope. 1. Measuring Voltage. 2. Measuring the Period. 3. Measuring Frequency. VII. Inductance and Transformers A. Inductance. 1. Self-inductance. 2. Mutual inductance. B. Transformers. VIII. Inductors in AC Circuits A. Inductive Reactance. B. Inductors in Series and Parallel. C. Ohm's Law in Inductive Circuits. D. Phase Angle in Inductive Circuits. E. Series RL Circuits. IX. Capacitance A. Types of Capacitors. B. Charging and Discharging a Capacitor. C. Unit of Capacitance. D. Factors Affecting Capacitance. E. Parallel - and Series - Connected Capacitors. F. Capacitive Reactance. G. Phase Angle in Capacitive Circuits. H. RC Circuits. VIII X. RLC Circuits A. Series RLC Circuits. B. Parallel RLC Circuits. C. Series Resonance. D. Parallel Resonance. E. Circuit Q. F. Filters. 1. Bandstop Filter. 2. Bandpass Filter. 3. Low Pass Filter. 4. High Pass Filter. IX Unit 3 Active Devices I. Introduction II. Unit Objectives III. Solid State Diodes A. Semiconductor Materials. B. P-N Junctions. C. Diode Rating. D. Zener Diode. E. Varactor Diode. IV. Transistors A. Transistor Structure. B. Transistor Operation. C. Transistor Amplification. D. Transistor Circuit Arrangements. 1. Common-Base Circuits. 2. Common-Emitter Circuits. 3. Common-Collector Circuits. 4. Summary. E. Transistor Ratings. V. Field-Effect Transistors. A. Junction FET. B. Insulated Gate FET. C. Transistor Amplification. D. Transistor Circuit Arrangements. 1. Common-Base Circuits. 2. Common-Gate Circuits. 3. Common-Drain Circuits. VI. Optoelectronic Devices A. Basic Characteristics of Light. B. Light Sensitive Devices. 1. Photoconductive Cells. 2. Photovoltaic Cells. 3. Photodiodes. 4. Photo Transistors. C. Light Emitting Devices. 1. LED Operation. 2. LED Construction. 3. LED Applications. D. Liquid Crystals. 1. LCD Operation. VII. Integrated Circuits A. The Importance of IC's. B. Advantages and Disadvantages. C. Applicatons of IC's. D. Digital IC's. E. Linear IC's.